Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Isolated coronary ostial stenosis associated with coronary vasospasm

A 50-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room in a preshock condition. An emergency coronary angiogram revealed 90% ostial stenosis of the left coronary artery with delayed distal filling. After intracoronary nitrate, the degree of stenosis was reduced to 75%; no other coronary lesions were evident. The patient was found to have hyperthyroidism and she became euthyroid after a 2-month regimen of methimazole. A follow-up coronary angiogram showed that the left coronary artery had 50% ostial stenosis without delayed distal filling. At the same time, an aortogram showed complete occlusion of the right subclavian artery in its proximal site, a slight dilatation of the truncus brachiocephalic artery, and a diffuse wall irregularity of the abdominal aorta, suggestive of Takayasu's arteritis.     

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术和冠状动脉支架治疗

老年冠心病人随着社会的老龄化而不断增加,这是一组有着特殊临床病理生理的人群,在选择介入治疗时应当充分考虑年龄、合并的慢性疾病、心功能状态、病变局部的解剖以及能否进行完全性血运重建等因素。老年冠心病人的介入治疗同样可以获得理想的成功率一严格的病例选择标准是减少术后并发症的关键。     

冠状动脉造影后即刻PTCA与择期PTCA的比较

目的　研究冠状动脉造影后即刻冠状动脉成形术的成功率及并发症率进而探讨其临床应用价值。方法　对冠状动脉造影后即刻冠脉成形术及靶病变特点与其相似的择期冠脉成形术各７０ 例进行对比分析。结果　Ａ 和Ｂ型病变的成功率和并发症率两组间差异无显著性,Ｃ型病变的成功率即刻组低于择期组（５７．１４％ 对９２．８６％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０５）而并发症率高于择期组（５７．１４％ 对１４．２９％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,闭塞性病变的成功率及并发症率两组间差异无显著性。结论　Ｃ型病变不宜于造影后即刻行冠脉成形术。闭塞性病变可于造影后即刻试行冠脉成形以避免次全闭塞进展为完全闭塞后才进行手术。造影后即刻冠脉成形有一定的临床应用价值     

冠状动脉256排CT与冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断比较

目的冠状动脉256排CT成像技术与冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断比较。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月内蒙古兴安盟人民医院心血管内科疑似冠心病患者50例,其中男性29例,女性21例,年龄37~68岁。先行冠状动脉256排CT扫描及图像后处理,后行冠状动脉造影检查,将两结果进行对比分析。结果以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者为阳性。冠状动脉256排CT诊断冠心病灵敏度为40.00%,特异度98.18%,阳性预测值88.89%,阴性预测值81.82%,正确指数38.18%,符合率82.67%,KAPPA值46.28%。结论冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病准确性优于冠状动脉CT。冠状动脉CT可对冠心病患者进行初筛诊断。     

Symptomatic coronary patient with pathological coronary angiogram requiring surgery

Bypass surgery has become a routine procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Due to increase numbers of high-risk patients minimally invasive techniques were introduced in cardiac surgery with excellent clinical results. In addition molecular methods have been applied for primary and secondary treatment of coronary artery disease.     

Acute coronary events associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Acute coronary events reported in patients enrolled in the NHLBI PTCA Registry were analyzed. Data were collected on 3,079 patients from 105 contributing centers. Coronary vascular events (dissection, occlusion, spasm, embolism, perforation or rupture) or ischemic events (MI or prolonged angina) occurred in 418 patients (13.6%). Major complications (MI), emergency surgery or death) occurred in 280 patients (67%) with acute coronary events. The most frequent events were prolonged angina, which occurred in 211 (6.8%), and MI, in 170 (5.5%). Coronary dissection, occlusion and spasm each occurred in approximately 5% of patients. Coronary embolism, perforation and rupture were rare (< 0.2% for each). Dissection and occlusion each had a high frequency (> 80%) of associated major complications. A substantially lower incidence of major complications occurred in patients with isolated coronary spasm (18%) or prolonged angina (35%). Clinical and angiographic predictors for overall and specific events were identified. Coronary events occurred more frequently in women and patients with unstable angina. Eccentric lesions were associated with a higher rate of coronary events, and event rates were lower with single discrete lesions than with other types of lesions. The frequency of any coronary event, MI, prolonged angina and coronary spasm each decreased with increasing experience with PTCA. The frequency of dissection and occlusion did not change with experience.     

某些冠心病危险因子与冠心病相关性的研究

目的　研究血浆中活化凝血因子Ⅶ (FⅦa)、血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fig)和血清脂蛋白 (a) [LP(a) ]与冠心病及冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法　观察 10 0例冠心病患者 ,检测血浆FⅦa、Fig和血清LP(a)水平 ,并进行冠状动脉造影检查 ,评估冠状动脉狭窄程度、支数与上述检测结果的相关性。结果　冠心病组血浆FⅦa、Fig、血清LP(a)浓度明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。血浆中FⅦa、Fig及血清LP(a)浓度与冠状动脉狭窄程度、冠状动脉病变支数密切相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;经Logistic回归分析显示 ,FⅦa、Fig、LP(a)为冠心病发生的独立危险因子 (OR =1 17、OR =1 12及OR =1 0 8,P <0 0 5 )。结论　血浆FⅦa、Fig和血清LP(a)水平与冠心病的发生密切相关 ,血浆FⅦa、Fig水平及血清LP(a)水平与冠心病的发展及严重程度显著相关 ,为冠心病发生的独立危险因子。     

63例冠状动脉复杂病变介入治疗的临床分析

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对冠状动脉复杂病变的疗效。方法：回顾性分析3年来对63例冠状动脉复杂病变患者进行介入治疗的成功率、并发症及预后。结果：61例复杂病变（包括慢性闭塞、分叉病变、长病变和再狭窄）病人成功置入支架（96.82%）,无残余狭窄或残余狭窄〈10%。2例病人放置支架后出现侧支血管阻塞,3例出现动脉夹层,2例支架内形成再狭窄。未见其他严重并发症。结论：研究表明,介入治疗对于冠状动脉复杂病变是安全有效的。     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床价值.方法:70岁以上老年ACS患者50例,对持续性胸痛伴(或)ST段抬高心肌梗死患者(AMI 2例,UA2例)行急诊PCI;对非ST段抬高ACS患者经规范内科治疗病情平稳1周后行PCI.结果:对70支罪犯血管进行PTCA术后置入81枚支架.49例患者随访8～24个月无心绞痛发作;1例术后2个月冠脉造影显示支架内再狭窄,经支架内再支架置入术后随访5个月无心绞痛发作.结论:对老年ACS患者及时进行PCI可获得良好效果,临床安全程度高.     

Dual anterior descending coronary artery associated with coronary artery disease

The patient is a male with risk factors for coronary artery disease, who was referred for cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction in the inferior wall. The patient underwent transluminal coronary angioplasty in the right coronary artery with successful stent implantation.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with single coronary artery

Coronary artery anomalies are found in 1–5% of all coronary angiograms. Single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly. The prevalence of the anomaly is 0.024–0.066% of the general population and percutaneous coronary intervention in this anomaly is performed infrequently. The highest incidence of this condition is reported from India. We report a case of a 55 year old patient of anterior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction with L1 group of single coronary artery who underwent successful angioplasty and stenting to left anterior descending artery. The unique features and inherent risks of percutaneous coronary intervention to single coronary artery are discussed.     

Distribution of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease

The distribution of coronary atherosclerosis has not been fully clarified. We measured coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in 624 consecutive patients for the right coronary artery (RCA), left main trunk (LMT), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex coronary artery (LCx), then calculated total CACS. Coronary artery calcium score was measured using the Agatston method. We divided these patients into four groups: CACS 1–100 (Group A, n = 267), CACS 101–400 (Group B, n = 160), CACS 401–1000 (Group C, n = 110), and CACS >1000 (Group D, n = 87). In Group A, B, and C, the CACS in LAD was significantly higher than in the other three arteries (P < 0.0001). In Group D, the CACS was not significantly different between LAD and RCA (P = 0.6930). In Groups A, B, and C, coronary artery calcium (CAC) was more frequently found in LAD compared with other arteries (P < 0.0001). However, in Group D the prevalence of CAC was not significantly different among the three arteries (P = 0.4435). Coronary artery calcium was found more frequently in LAD than in the other coronary arteries in patients with mild to high CAC, but not in those with very high CAC.     

Therapy of coronary vasoconstriction in patients with coronary artery disease

Patients with obstructive coronary artery disease and stable, exertional angina respond to the alpha adrenergic stimulus of the cold pressor test with an inappropriate increase in coronary vascular resistance. The clinical significance of this abnormal response and its possible role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease are discussed. Comparison of the anti-anginal agents currently in use of undergoing investigation suggests that the calcium antagonists may be the most effective therapy for coronary vasoconstriction. Nifedipine, 10 mg buccally, successfully prevented the increase in coronary vascular resistance during the cold pressor test in 10 of 10 patients, whereas the response in placebo-treated patients was unaltered. This dose of nifedipine was without effect on systemic hemodynamics or myocardial oxygen consumption, suggesting a selective antivasoconstrictor effect on the coronary vasculature.     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗的临床分析

目的：探讨老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床价值。方法：70岁以上老年ACS患者50例,对持续性胸痛伴(或)ST段抬高心肌梗死患者(AMI 2例,UA2例)行急诊PCI；对非ST段抬高ACS患者经规范内科治疗病情平稳1周后行PCI。结果：对70支罪犯血管进行PTCA术后置入81枚支架。49例患者随访8～24个月无心绞痛发作；1例术后2个月冠脉造影显示支架内再狭窄,经支架内再支架置入术后随访5个月无心绞痛发作。结论：对老年ACS患者及时进行PCI可获得良好效果,临床安全程度高。     

Thyrotoxicosis with coronary spasm that required coronary artery bypass surgery

We describe a 47-year-old woman with severe coronary vasospasm induced by hyperthyroidism. The patient complained of anginal chest pain without specific characteristics of thyrotoxicosis. Coronary arteriography was performed and revealed 90% stenosis of both the left and right coronary os. She was treated with emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Postoperatively, she exhibited a comatose mentality. Severe thyrotoxicosis was indicated on thyroid function tests and thyrotoxic storm was diagnosed. Nineteen days after the surgery and following the initiation of propylthiouracil treatment, coronary arteriography revealed entirely normal coronary arteries.