吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动影响的实验研究

目的：研究吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动的影响，并就其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法：考察吴茱萸次碱对正常小鼠肠道推进的影响，并分别以新斯的明、胃复安或利血平制作了小鼠胃肠道运动亢进的模型，观察了吴茱萸次碱的拮抗作用；豚鼠离体肠管在乙酰胆碱或组胺的刺激下发生收缩，在此基础上，了解吴茱萸次碱的抑制作用。结果：吴茱萸次碱抑制正常小鼠小肠推进和新斯的明所致的小肠运动亢进，但对后者的作用更为明显；对甲氧氯普胺和利血平所致的胃排空亢进表现出显著的抑制作用，同时有效地对抗了乙酰胆碱或组胺对豚鼠离体肠管的收缩作用。结论：吴茱萸次碱能抑制小鼠胃肠运动功能，可能与其对抗胆碱能神经对胃肠道运动的支配有关。     

太子参保健酒对小鼠离体肠平滑肌的研究

目的：观察太子参保健酒对小鼠离体肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法通过小鼠离体肠段实验,观察不同浓度的太子参保健酒对小鼠正常离体肠收缩活动的影响和对乙酰胆碱（ Ach）引起离体肠兴奋以及阿托品（ Atr）致肠管抑制等方面来考察太子参保健酒对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌的影响。结果与空白组比较,太子参保健酒增加正常小鼠小肠的张力、频率、活力;协同性作用于Ach 致小鼠离体小肠平滑肌;拮抗Atr 致小鼠离体小肠平滑肌抑制作用。结论提示太子参保健酒对肠管有一定的兴奋作用。     

川木香及其煨制品对小鼠胃排空及肠推进的影响

目的 研究川木香及其煨制品对小鼠肠推进和胃排窄的影响.方法 采用小肠炭末推进实验观察川木香及其煨制品对正常小鼠小肠运动及硫酸阿托品所致小鼠小肠抑制模型的影响,采用甲基橙胃残留率的方法观察二者对正常小鼠胃排空、新斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进和肾上腺素所致小鼠胃排空抑制的影响.结果 15、9 g·kg-1川木香及其煨制品可明显促进正常小鼠的小肠运动,并能拮抗硫酸阿托品所致小鼠的小肠抑制作用;可促进正常小鼠的胃排空,并对肾上腺素所致小鼠胃排空的抑制有明显的拮抗作用.其中,15 g·kg-1煨制品对新斯的明所致小鼠的胃排空亢进有明显的拮抗作用.结论 川木香及其煨制品对小鼠的胃肠运动有促进作用,煨制品对不同功能状态的小鼠胃排空有双向调节作用.     

厚朴丸对小鼠胃肠活动的影响

目的:观察厚朴丸对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进运动的影响.方法:利用胃复安和阿托品造成小鼠胃排空亢进和胃排空抑制模型,利用新斯的明和肾上腺素造成小鼠小肠推进亢进和小肠推进抑制模型,观察厚朴丸对正常、亢进及抑制状态下小鼠胃肠活动的影响.结果:厚朴丸抑制正常小鼠胃排空和胃复安所致小鼠胃排空加快,能加强阿托品所致小鼠胃排空的抑制作用;对正常小鼠小肠推进和新斯的明所致小鼠小肠推进亢进也有抑制作用,但对肾上腺素所致小鼠小肠推进抑制无明显影响.结论:厚朴丸具有抑制正常和亢进状态的小鼠胃排空和小肠推进的作用,与临床用于止泻相符合.     

左金丸对胃肠道的调节作用

目的 研究左金丸在胃肠道调节方面的作用。方法 通过ig给予0.1%甲基橙溶液,计算其胃残留率,观察左金丸对小鼠胃排空的影响;通过ig 5%的炭末,计算炭末推进率,观察左金丸对正常小鼠小肠运动的影响、对新斯的明致小肠运动亢进的拮抗作用;观察左金丸对组胺致豚鼠离体回肠收缩的影响;ig给予大鼠D-木糖溶液,1 h后测定血清木糖值,观察左金丸对大鼠小肠吸收的影响;ig给予小鼠蓖麻油,观察左金丸的止泻作用。以戊己丸（加味左金）和黄连有效成份小檗碱作参比。结果 左金丸对胃肠道有明显的调节作用,延长小鼠的胃排空时间,抑制胃排空;对正常小鼠小肠运动的无明显影响,但能明显拮抗新斯的明所致的小鼠小肠运动亢进;明显抑制组胺引起的豚鼠离体回肠收缩;明显抑制大鼠的小肠吸收功能;明显抑制蓖麻油造成的小鼠腹泻。结论 古方左金丸对胃肠道有明显的调节作用,组方科学、合理。     

益母草提取物对小鼠体外子宫收缩功能的影响

［摘要］目的研究益母草水提物对正常未孕小鼠、雌激素预处理小鼠及产后小鼠体外子宫平滑肌收缩功能的影响。方法采用小鼠体外子宫标本，以Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录益母草水提物（0.5～4.0 mg•mL 1）对子宫收缩幅度及频率的影响。结果益母草水提物（0.5～4.0 mg•mL 1）对正常未孕小鼠及雌激素预处理小鼠子宫的收缩频率和活动力影响较弱；显著加快产后小鼠子宫收缩频率并增强子宫活动力。在正常未孕小鼠、雌激素预处理小鼠及产后小鼠体外子宫，益母草水提物明显抑制缩宫素诱发的子宫收缩频率加快和幅度增强，并解除缩宫素诱发的子宫痉挛。结论益母草可能通过提高产后小鼠子宫的收缩频率和收缩力，发挥其产后止血作用；通过对抗缩宫素诱发多种条件下子宫平滑肌的痉挛，发挥治疗痛经的临床功效。     

连钱草乙醇提取物对豚鼠离体肠平滑肌和小鼠肠运动功能的影响

目的:观察连钱草乙醇提取物对小鼠小肠推进运动、药物性腹泻小鼠模型和豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌收缩的影响,探讨其作用机理.方法:采用在体方法观察连钱草乙醇提取物对小鼠小肠推进功能的影响,采用离体方法观察连钱草乙醇提取物对豚鼠回肠平滑肌运动功能的影响.结果:连钱草乙醇提取物能够显著抑制小鼠小肠炭末推进率(P＜0.01),缓解大黄所致小鼠腹泻 (P＜0.01),对抗新斯的明所致的肠蠕动亢进 (P＜0.01).抑制豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌收缩(P＜0.01),拮抗乙酰胆碱、组胺、氯化钡对离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌的激动作用(P＜0.01).结论:连钱草乙醇提取物具有抑制肠蠕动作用,这种作用可能由胃肠道的胆碱能受体和组胺受体介导,或直接作用于回肠平滑肌细胞.     

木香茎叶提取物成分类别的初步检识及其对小鼠肠推进和胃排空的影响

目的 对木香茎叶提取物化学成分进行初步检识,研究其对小鼠肠推进和胃排空的影响。方法 制备木香茎叶水、乙醇、乙醚提取物,化学反应检识木香茎叶化学成分;以小鼠为研究对象,新斯的明和阿托品诱导小鼠胃肠亢进和抑制状态,ig给予0.5 g/kg木香茎叶水提物、醇提物,用改良的酚红法测定其对胃肠正常、亢进、抑制状态小鼠胃排空率和小肠推进率的影响。结果 木香茎叶醇提物、水提物均能够显著提高正常小鼠小肠酚红推进率（P<0.05、0.01）,显著降低新斯的明所致胃肠亢进状态下的小鼠小肠酚红推进率（P<0.05）,且醇提物的作用较强;两提取物使阿托品所致抑制状态下小鼠小肠推进率进一步降低,且差异显著（P<0.05）,两提取物之间无明显差异;两种提取物对三种状态下的胃排空都发挥显著抑制作用（P<0.05、0.01）。化学成分检识表明,木香茎叶中含蛋白、糖、挥发油、黄酮、内酯、皂苷、生物碱和鞣质等多种成分,但何种成分与小肠推进和胃排空有关尚不确定。结论 木香茎叶提取物对正常小鼠的小肠推进功能具有一定的促进作用,对新斯的明所致小肠推进亢进有抑制作用,对阿托品所致小肠推进抑制有加剧作用,其对肠道的促进作用可能与M胆碱受体有关;对正常和亢进小鼠的胃排空有抑制作用,对阿托品所致胃排空抑制有加剧作用。     

四磨汤滴丸对小鼠胃肠运动的影响

目的观察四磨汤滴丸对不同机能状态(正常、抑制及亢进)小鼠胃肠运动功能的影响。方法分别对正常小鼠、肠亢进小鼠、肠抑制小鼠口服灌胃给予四磨汤滴丸,测量小鼠小肠全长及半固体糊状物在小肠中的推进距离,计算小肠推进率。结果四磨汤滴丸低、中、高剂量组对正常小鼠的胃肠运动具有显著促进作用(P<0.05或P<0.01),对肠抑制模型小鼠小肠推进百分率显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),对肠亢进模型小鼠小肠推进百分率显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论四磨汤滴丸对胃排空具有明显促进作用,且对肠道运动具有双向调节作用,在同等剂量下与已上市的四磨汤口服液比较,上述作用无明显差异。     

麻辛平喘口服液对豚鼠体外气管平滑肌的舒张作用

［摘要］目的探讨麻辛平喘口服液缓解哮喘症状的作用机制。方法通过正常和哮喘豚鼠的体外气管平滑肌实验,观察麻辛平喘口服液对磷酸组胺或氯化乙酰胆碱致豚鼠气管平滑肌收缩、卵蛋白致敏引起的豚鼠气管平滑肌的收缩和对静息状态下气管平滑肌的影响。结果麻辛平喘口服液对磷酸组胺和氯化乙酰胆碱引起的豚鼠气管平滑肌收缩和卵蛋白致敏引起的豚鼠气管平滑肌的收缩都有明显拮抗作用,且麻辛平喘口服液在3～12 g&#8226;L 1对气管平滑肌的舒张作用存在明显的量效关系。结论麻辛平喘口服液可能通过非竞争性抑制,降低磷酸组胺和氯化乙酰胆碱对H1和M受体的兴奋作用,或通过拮抗某些炎性递质对气管平滑肌的收缩作用。     

RS67506对肠道运动的影响

目的研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)4受体激动剂RS67506对小鼠肠推进运动和对大鼠离体小肠肌条运动的影响。方法应用炭末法和张力换能器分别观察RS67506对小鼠肠推进运动和对大鼠离体小肠肌条的平均收缩幅度、收缩频率和静息张力的影响,并与Cisapride的作用相比较。结果 RS67506在小剂量时对小鼠肠推进运动无明显作用,中剂量和大剂量时作用明显,并且RS67506剂量依赖性增强肌条的收缩幅度,但对肌条收缩频率和静息张力无明显作用。结论 RS67506在剂量稍大的条件下,具有与Cisapride相当的对小鼠肠推进运动的作用。它对大鼠离体小肠肌条的收缩幅度与Cisapride相似,具有剂量依赖性增强作用,如果事先加入5-HT4受体拮抗剂RS23597-190,RS67506无明显作用,这表明RS67506对平滑肌肌条的作用是通过5-HT4受体完成的。     

干姜醇提取物对胃排空的影响

目的：研究干姜醇提取物（EDGE）对胃排空的影响及初步探讨其作用机制。方法：以胃残留率为指标,考察EDGE对正常小鼠及经阿托品、多巴胺、肾上腺素预处理的小鼠胃残留率的影响。结果：EDGE能促进正常小鼠胃排空,对阿托品、多巴胺引起的胃排空减慢有明显促进作用,对肾上腺素引起的胃排空抑制影响不大。结论：EDGE有促进胃排空作用,其促进作用可能与胆碱能M受体有关。     

A study on the antagonism of the intestinal inhibitory effects of morphine and clonidine by yohimbine in mice

In mice, clonidine administered subcutaneously caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the intestinal motility as assayed by the movement of a charcoal meal. This inhibitory effect of clonidine was antagonized dose-dependently by prior subcutaneous or intracisternal administration of yohimbine. However, yohimbine given intracerebroventricularly was ineffective in antagonising the intestinal inhibitory action of clonidine. Clonidine administered centrally, either intracisternally or intracerebroventricularly, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of intestinal motility. Clonidine given by the intracisternal route appeared to be more effective than by the intracerebroventricular route. Centrally administered clonidine was antagonized by prior subcutaneous administration of yohimbine. The antagonism was related to the doses of yohimbine given. Subcutaneously administered morphine caused a dose-dependent inhibition of intestinal motility and this effect was antagonized by prior subcutaneous administration of yohimbine. However, administration of yohimbine centrally, either intracisternally or intracerebroventricularly, did not affect the intestinal inhibitory action of morphine. On the other hand, morphine injected centrally, either intracisternally or intracerebroventricularly, dose-dependently inhibited the motility of the intestine; such inhibitory action was antagonized by prior subcutaneous administration of yohimbine. The present study suggests that clonidine inhibits intestinal motility at both central and peripheral sites through alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Morphine also inhibits intestinal motility by both central and peripheral mechanisms but it appears that yohimbine only modifies the peripheral aspect of morphine's action.     

Effect of Boswellia serrata on intestinal motility in rodents: inhibition of diarrhoea without constipation

Clinical studies suggest that the Ayurvedic plant Boswellia serrata may be effective in reducing diarrhoea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BSE) on intestinal motility and diarrhoea in rodents. BSE depressed electrically-, acetylcholine-, and barium chloride-induced contractions in the isolated guinea-pig ileum, being more potent in inhibiting the contractions induced by acetylcholine and barium chloride. The inhibitory effect of BSE on acetylcholine-induced contractions was reduced by the L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine, but not by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, by the phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor rolipram or by the lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton. 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, one of the main active ingredients of B. serrata, inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions. BSE inhibited upper gastrointestinal transit in croton oil-treated mice as well as castor oil-induced diarrhoea. However, BSE did not affect intestinal motility in control mice, both in the small and in the large intestine. It is concluded that BSE directly inhibits intestinal motility with a mechanism involving L-type Ca(2+) channels. BSE prevents diarrhoea and normalizes intestinal motility in pathophysiological states without slowing the rate of transit in control animals. These results could explain, at least in part, the clinical efficacy of this Ayurvedic remedy in reducing diarrhoea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.     

Cannabidiol, extracted from Cannabis sativa, selectively inhibits inflammatory hypermotility in mice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cannabidiol is a Cannabis-derived non-psychotropic compound that exerts a plethora of pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antitumour effects, with potential therapeutic interest. However, the actions of cannabidiol in the digestive tract are largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cannabidiol on intestinal motility in normal (control) mice and in mice with intestinal inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Motility in vivo was measured by evaluating the distribution of an orally administered fluorescent marker along the small intestine; intestinal inflammation was induced by the irritant croton oil; contractility in vitro was evaluated by stimulating the isolated ileum, in an organ bath, with ACh. KEY RESULTS: In vivo, cannabidiol did not affect motility in control mice, but normalized croton oil-induced hypermotility. The inhibitory effect of cannabidiol was counteracted by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, but not by the cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528 (N-[-1S-endo-1,3,3-trimethyl bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-yl]-5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide), by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone or by the alpha2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine. Cannabidiol did not reduce motility in animals treated with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor N-arachidonoyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, whereas loperamide was still effective. In vitro, cannabidiol inhibited ACh-induced contractions in the isolated ileum from both control and croton oil-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Cannabidiol selectively reduces croton oil-induced hypermotility in mice in vivo and this effect involves cannabinoid CB1 receptors and FAAH. In view of its low toxicity in humans, cannabidiol may represent a good candidate to normalize motility in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.     

高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响研究

目的:研究高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用胃排空法观察高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空和溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进的影响;通过离体实验观察高良姜总黄酮对大鼠胃平滑肌的影响;用小肠推进法观察高良姜总黄酮对小鼠小肠运动的影响。结果:高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空无显著影响,而对溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进有显著拮抗作用(P<0.01或P<0.05);对乙酰胆碱引起的大鼠胃平滑肌痉孪有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对正常小鼠小肠运动有显著抑制作用,可明显减少推进距离,降低推进率(P<0.05)。结论:高良姜总黄酮能显著抑制胃肠运动。     

穿心莲内酯对小鼠腹泻模型的治疗作用研究

目的 研究穿心莲内酯对番泻叶和蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻模型的治疗作用.方法 以墨汁推进率为指标,观察穿心莲内酯对小鼠小肠推进性运动的影响;分别采用番泻叶和蓖麻油建立小鼠腹泻模型,观察穿心莲内酯给药组小鼠的一般状态及行为学改变,测定稀便率及腹泻指数,并计算单位长度肠质量,评价穿心莲内酯的抗腹泻作用.结果 穿心莲内酯可减缓小鼠小...     

高良姜的镇痛作用及其对肠道运动的影响

目的 研究高良姜的镇痛作用及其对肠道平滑肌的影响.方法 采用小鼠扭体试验和热板试验考察高良姜的镇痛作用.利用离体肠管试验研究高良姜对正常肠管和痉挛肠管的抑制作用及其机制.结果 高良姜能显著减少小鼠扭体次数(P＜0.05),可显著延长小鼠热板反应潜伏期,提高疼痛反应阈值(P＜0.05),并能显著抑制离体肠管运动(P＜0.05).结论 高良姜具有明显的镇痛和抑制离体肠管活动的作用.