A new method of thoracoscopic sympathectomy in hyperhidrosis palmaris

Summary Although hyperhidrosis palmaris is a benign condition, it may cause considerable psychological, social, and occupational disturbances. There are many conservative measures used to treat hyperhidrosis, but surgical sympathectomy is the only permanent cure. Of the various surgical approaches to the upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia, one must select the approach that combines good functional results and a satisfactory cosmetic outcome with only minor complications. Twenty-one patients (10 men and 11 women) with hyperhidrosis palmaris underwent synchronous bilateral T2 sympathectomy between 1 October 1989 and 30 April 1990. These patients underwent a new method of thoracoscopic sympathectomy without preoperative pneumothorax. All were relieved of excessive sweating in their upper extremities immediately after the operation. In addition, the technique led to significant savings in operation and hospitalization time. We recommend thoracoscopic sympathectomy as the best approach for sympathectomy in cases of hyperhidrosis palmaris.     

Flexor tendon grafting using a plantaris tendon with a fragment of attached bone for fixation to the distal phalanx: a preliminary cohort study

PURPOSE: Secure methods of graft attachment ensure safe early motion after flexor tendon grafting. This has been achieved at the proximal graft juncture using Pulvertaft's technique. For secure distal attachment, we investigate the results of flexor tendon grafting using the plantaris tendon with a fragment of attached bone fixed with a screw to the distal phalanx. METHODS: Thirteen digits from 10 patients with longstanding flexor tendon injuries in zone II had surgical reconstruction. A plantaris tendon-bone graft was attached to the distal phalanx using a mini-screw. This was followed by immediate active motion. At 3 and 8 months after surgery, total active motion was calculated as the sum of the degrees of active flexion in the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints minus the sum of the degrees of extension deficits for each of these joints. The results of total active motion were compared to the normal contralateral digit. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, the mean rate of recovery, relative to the normal contralateral finger, was 74%, whereas 8 months after surgery, this value was 70%. This difference was statistically significant. There were no failures or poor results (ie, less than 50% recovery). CONCLUSIONS: The tendon-bone plantaris graft employed here ensured immediate active motion and early use of the involved hand in daily activities. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.     

The clinical significance of the palmaris longus tendon in the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with increased intracarpal canal pressure. The effect of tendon loading on intracarpal canal pressures is documented in biomechanical studies. Palmaris longus loading in wrist extension induces the greatest absolute increase in intracarpal canal pressure. Despite this fact, the palmaris longus is not yet a proven independent risk factor for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to assess and quantify the association between the presence of a palmaris longus tendon and carpal tunnel syndrome. Thirty-six carpal tunnel subjects with bilateral disease were compared with 36 controls. Each subject was clinically examined for the presence of the palmaris longus tendon. The prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis was significantly lower in the carpal tunnel group. The palmaris longus tendon is a strong independent risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome.     

Accessory Plantaris Muscle: Anatomy and Prevalence

Accessory and anomalous muscles have been described in humans, but only a few at the level of the knee. The aim of this retrospective cohort analysis was to determine the prevalence of a new accessory muscle located at the level of the knee detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The accessory muscle is designated an accessory plantaris muscle in this study due to its intimate origin with the normal plantaris muscle. Retrospective review of 1,000 consecutive MRI exams of the knee performed on patients presenting with acute or chronic knee symptoms revealed an accessory plantaris muscle in 63 of the 1,000 patients (6.3%)—38 males (7.5%) and 25 females (5.1%). Origin of 62 of 63 of the accessory plantaris muscles merged with the origin of the normal plantaris muscle, and one of 63 merged with the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. These accessory plantaris muscles inserted into the iliotibial band, the lateral patellar retinaculum, or the iliotibial tract.     

足弓的生物力学原理及其临床应用

目的分析足弓的生物力学原理及在临床的应用。方法采用二次抛物拱的原理来分析和计算足部纵弓的受力状态。结果 跖筋膜相当于抛物拱的拉杆，足部的诸骨组成了内、外侧纵弓，有拉杆的抛物拱稳定，无拉杆的不稳定，后者的受力由拱变成梁的受力。从２４０只马蹄足三关节融合术后，复查到１５６只足，其中３４例在三关节融合时切断跖筋膜，石膏固定３个月拆除后下地步行，１～２年后出现步行疼痛，中跗关节着地行走，足弓消失。其中１８例重做三关节融合，跖筋膜紧束， １０例作跟骨截骨，跖筋膜重建术，效果满意。结论　要使三关节融合术取得满意效果，必须做到重建弓，正确处理跖筋膜，达到周围肌力的平衡。     

改良自体掌长肌肌腱移植治疗陈旧性腱性锤状指

<正>2009年8月~2012年6月,笔者采用改良掌长肌肌腱移植治疗陈旧性腱性锤状指17例,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组17例,男15例,女2例,年龄15~37岁。左手4例,右手13例。损伤部位:食指9例,中指5例,环指2例,小指1例。治疗史:术前保守治疗无效6例,急诊手术时未对肌腱进行修补5例,未治疗6例。就诊时间:伤后1~26个月。临床表现:远侧指     

Bilateral palmaris profundus in association with bifid median nerve as a cause of failed carpal tunnel release

This is a case in which an anomalous tendon of the palmaris profundus was found running on the anterior surface of the median nerve, dividing the nerve into 2 branches at the wrist bilaterally. Excision of the tendon at the time of re-exploration of the carpal tunnel resulted in complete relief of carpal tunnel symptoms.     

掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位(附24例分析)

目的　观察掌长肌腱在重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位中的应用疗效。方法　本组 2 4例均为Allman分型中的Ⅲ度损伤 ,全部采用取同侧掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带 ,再用两枚克氏针交叉固定肩锁关节治疗 ,术后三角巾悬吊固定 4周 ,8周后拔除克氏针。结果　经 1 0个月～ 3年的随访 ,根据Karlsson疗效评价标准 :A级 2 0例 ,B级 4例。病人均能正常的工作、生活。结论　掌长肌腱是重建喙锁韧带良好的自身材料 ,该方法操作简单、创伤小、固定牢固、可早期活动 ,是治疗肩锁关节脱位的有效方法。     

Acute median nerve compression produced by reversed palmaris longus muscle

A case of acute median nerve compression with progressive sensory symptoms is reported. Early exploration revealed a hypertrophic reversed palmaris longus muscle as the compressing structure on the flexor aspect of the wrist. The symptoms of compression were relieved immediately after resection of the muscle.     

Ileal Perforation in Diffuse Intestinal Behçet Disease: Report of a Case

Intestinal ulcers in Beh?et disease tend to cause perforation, and postoperative recurrence is common with a high mortality rate. The optimal therapeutic strategy has yet to be elucidated, particularly in cases of diffuse intestinal involvement. We herein present a case of diffuse intestinal Beh?et disease with ileal perforation. A 57-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our institution with complaints of intractable oral ulcers and abdominal pain. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy for perforated peritonitis in spite of the intravenous administration of prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg) under total parenteral nutrition. Macroscopically, an inflamed ileum measuring 1.6 m in length was resected, including a 1-cm perforated ulceration. Innumerable small and deep ulcers were also observed, consisting of nonspecific inflammation. The patient has been free from any recurrence of intestinal ulcers while being treated with prednisolone, colchicine, and a low-residue diet for 1.5 years.     

The Concomitant Presence of Two Anomalous Muscles in the Forearm

This article describes the concomitant presence of two anomalous forearm muscles in a 20-year-old man, discovered accidentally during an operation for a forearm injury. The first one was similar to a reverse palmaris longus muscle except for its direction to the Guyon’s canal. The second one originated from the radial antebrachial fascia, superficial to all other forearm muscles in the lower half of the forearm, then diverged medially and extended into the Guyon’s canal and was innervated by the ulnar nerve. The patient had no symptoms related to overcrowding of the Guyon’s canal before the injury. A hand surgeon should be well informed about the anatomic variations of the hand to be comfortable during surgical practice. Study conducted at Selcuk University Meram School of Medicine, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Konya-Turkey     

Incidence of agenesis of palmaris longus in the Andhra population of India

Background:

The knowledge of Palmaris longus (PL) is a growing interest for its wide role in reconstructive plastic surgeries as a donor tendon for transfer or transplant. The prevalence of the PL agenesis has been well-documented by many authors in different ethnic groups or populations. Many conventional tests for determining the presence of the PL has been described, but lamentably there are many discrepancies in confirming its presence or absence. Slight modifications of the prevailing methods can still give authenticate results.

Aim:

This prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of unilateral and bilateral agenesis of PL and its association with sex and side of the limb in the Andhra population of India.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 942 subjects of both sexes belonging to 18-23 years were used to access the PL using various tendon examination techniques including our modified Schaeffer''s test. The data collected were analyzed by Pearsons χ² test using SPSS software.

Results:

Overall agenesis of muscle in both sexes was 264 (28.0%), out of which 40.2% was seen in females and 14.7% in males with the ratio of 3:1. The unilateral agenesis was seen in 70.5% and bilateral agenesis in 29.5% subjects. The left side agenesis was seen in 51.6% and right side in 48.4% subjects.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of bilateral and unilateral agenesis was more common on left side with a greater likelihood in the female subjects. The proposed technique could bring better results in all subjects and can be implemented in manual examination of PL.     

肢端皮肤角化过度增生症的手术治疗

目的介绍肢端皮肤角化过度增生症10例的治疗体会,其中掌跖角化病9例,疣状表皮结构不良1例。方法采用病变皮肤切除皮肤移植术治疗,其中两例有深部组织外露和放射性溃疡选用皮瓣修复,其余行皮片移植。结果 10例均获满意效果,追踪观察8年以上,无复发,能保持接近正常的功能活动。结论手部以皮片效果最佳,足底应用皮瓣修复,耐磨性较皮片为好,但因皮瓣缺乏纤维隔结构,走路时皮瓣与深部组织间产生相对滑动,也容易造成破溃,必须注意妥为保护。     

针刀法治疗跟痛症22例临床分析

目的：探讨跟痛症发病机理及针刀法治疗疗效。方法：用针刀在跟骨刺基底部，将跖长韧带自附着处切断，并于足弓处切断跖腱膜，结果：22例经针刀法治疗一次后跟痛症状消失，随访半至一年，总有效率95．46％，结论：跟骨刺不是引起跟痛症的主要原因，而是由于附着于跟骨结节上的跖长韧带及跖腱膜的反复受伤，造成粘连，水肿，筋膜挛缩及无菌性炎症所致，经针刀彻底切断，松解跖长韧带及跖腱膜，可消除跟痛症。     

Dermatoscopia no teste cutâneo da patergia: série de casos de pacientes com suspeita de Doença de Behçet

Behçet's disease is a multisystemic disease consisting of a varying combination of ocular, mucocutaneous, neurologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other manifestations. Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, in which a positive pathergy test scores 1. A case series with 26 suspected patients is presented, and the skin pathergy test was performed in 23. The results were read in 48 hours, and they were considered negative when without papule, and positive with a papule or pustule. Positive results were divided by papule size, and dermatoscopy was done to measure and observe its clinical aspects. After the readings, a biopsy was performed, with annotation of histopathological aspects. The test was negative in 2 (8.7%) and positive in 21 (91.3%) patients. The results and the literature review are presented.