玻璃体切除联合滤过手术和MMC治疗无晶状体或人工晶状体眼继发青光眼

目的 :探讨玻璃体切除联合滤过手术和丝裂霉素C (MMC)治疗无晶状体和人工晶状体植入眼继发青光眼的方法和疗效。方法 :对 16例 (16眼 )玻璃体脱入前房的无晶状体和人工晶状体眼继发青光眼进行上述手术 ,术后随访 12～ 2 5月 (平均 16月 )。结果 :术后以不用或需要用局部降眼压药、 6mmHg≤眼压≤ 2 1mmHg为成功标准 ,16眼中 10眼成功 ,占 62 5 0 %。术后 16眼中 11眼的视力与术前相同 ,占 68 75 % ;3眼视力稍有提高 ,占 18 75 %。长期并发症为 1例低眼压。结论 :玻璃体切除联合滤过手术和MMC是治疗无晶状体和人工晶状体眼继发青光眼的一种相对安全有效的方法 ,尤其适应于玻璃体脱入前房的病例。     

晶状体玻璃体切除联合小梁切除术治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼的疗效观察

目的 评价晶体玻璃体切除术联合小梁切除治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性分析20例(20只眼)外伤性晶体脱位合并继发性青光眼资料,手术方法采用标准玻璃体切割三通道切口,上方小梁切除,术中巩膜瓣下使用0.1%丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C,MMC),对术前、术后视力、眼压及并发症等情况进行分析.结果 视力提高18只眼(90%).术后以不用或需要用局部降眼压药,6mmHg≤眼压≤21mmHg为成功标准,15只眼成功(占75%).5只眼不成功,其中4只眼＞21mmHg(占20%),1只眼眼压＜6mmHg(占5%).20只眼中15只眼(75%)形成滤过泡,5只眼无明显滤过泡.术后眼内出血4只眼,低眼压8只眼,其中脉络膜脱离4只眼,滤过过强2只眼,滤过泡漏1只限,术后长期低眼压1只眼.结论 晶体玻璃体切割联合小梁切除治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼可以降低眼压,提高视力,是一种安全有效的方法.     

晶状体玻璃体切除联合青光眼减压阀治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼

目的 评价晶状体玻璃体切除术联合青光眼减压阀治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性分析32例(32眼)外伤性晶状体脱位合并继发性青光眼资料,手术方法采用标准玻璃体切除三通道切口,颞上方植入Ahmed减压阀,对术前、术后视力、眼压及并发症等情况进行分析.结果 术后6个月复诊,矫正视力提高者28眼,视力不变4眼;术前平均眼压为(39.58±15.84)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),术后3d平均眼压为(9.66±2.84)mm Hg,术后1周平均眼压为(11.50±3.41)mm Hg,术后1个月平均眼压为(13.36±2.42)mm Hg,术后6个月平均眼压为(15.80±3.80)mm Hg,均显著低于术前眼压.主要并发症有前房积血、滤过过强致浅前房、引流管阻塞及滤过泡瘢痕化等.结论 晶状体玻璃体切除联合青光眼减压阀治疗晶状体脱位继发性青光眼可以降低眼压,保护视功能,是治疗该类青光眼较好的术式.     

青光眼术后小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入

目的观察青光眼术后颞侧小切口白内障非乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法对青光眼滤过术后白内障23例(26眼)采用颞上象限或颞侧小切口非乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术,术后随访6～24月观察眼压、视力和滤过泡,并进行统计学分析。结果术后1周平均眼压(14.82±3.48)mmHg,与术前平均眼压(16.23±3.67)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)差异无显著意义(t=1.25,P>0.05);术后1周视力≥0.5者18眼(69.23%)。术后患眼视力均有明显提高;滤过泡均无明显瘢痕化。角膜内皮轻度水肿8眼,轻度房水闪光12眼。结论此种术式操作较为简单,术后并发症少,视力恢复快,眼压控制较好。     

双切口小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障的效果。
　　方法：选取我院2014-06/2016-01期间收治的急慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者36例40眼,所有患者均采用双切口小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入三联手术进行治疗。术后对所有患者均进行1 mo随访,比较患者手术前后的视力、前房深度、前房角开放范围、眼压,同时观察患者的术后滤过泡情况以及术中、术后的并发症发生情况。
　　结果：所有患者术前的眼压19~36(平均26.02±2.42)mmHg,术后1mo眼压11~22(平均13.62±4.38)mmHg,手术前后眼压比较差异有统计学意义(t=33.273,P<0.05)。术前视力<0.3者34眼(85.0%),术后视力>0.3者21眼(53%)。所有患者患眼在术后均形成良好滤过泡。36例患者术后的房角开放程度、前房角开放距离以及中央前房深度等均较术前有明显增加,差异具有统计学意义( t=5.832、5.924、33.293,P<0.05)。术后7眼出现角膜轻度水肿,均在术后3d内消失;1眼在虹膜切除时出血,2d后被吸收;4眼出现人工晶状体表面及前房纤维素渗出,术后6d内吸收,无其他严重并发症情况出现。
　　结论：双切口小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障能够有效改善患者的视力,并且能够较好地控制患者术后的眼压。     

复合式小梁切除术治疗人工晶状体植入术后继发青光眼的临床观察

目的 探讨复合式小梁切除术治疗经透明角膜切口人工晶状体植入术后继发青光眼的疗效及意义.方法 31例(32只眼)经透明角膜切口人工晶状体植入术后继发青光眼行常规复合式小梁切除术.术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、浅前房及其它并发症.结果 手术12月后:视力增进2/32只眼(6.2%),不变28/32只眼(87.6%),下降2/32只眼(6.2%).功能性滤过泡24/32只眼(75.0%).眼压≤21mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)者26/32只眼(81.2%),术后早期并发症有浅前房5只眼(15.5%),前房出血3只眼(9.3%)低眼压性黄斑病变2只眼(6.2%),脉络膜脱离1只眼(3.1%).结论 复合式小梁切除术是治疗经透明角膜切口人工晶状体植人术后继发青光眼的有效方法,此类青光眼不应归属于难治性青光眼.     

晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的 探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的效果及安全性.方法 对青光眼合并白内障52例(52眼)患者行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术,术后随访3个月,观察眼压、视力、滤过泡及并发症情况.结果 术后3个月,平均眼压为(14.38±4.37)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),较术前平均下降10.75mmHg;矫正视力≥0.5者28眼;功能性滤过泡41眼,非功能性滤过泡11眼.术中2眼后囊膜破裂,术后早期11眼角膜水肿、5眼浅前房,术后晚期4眼发生后发性白内障.结论 超声乳化白内障吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术安全有效,视力恢复快,降压效果好,适用于青光眼合并白内障.     

青光眼滤过术后白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术

目的观察抗青光眼滤过术后的白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶状体植入术的手术疗效。方法对28例(30眼)抗青光眼滤过术后的白内障,采用避开滤过泡的角巩膜缘3mm隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸出,植入折叠式人工晶状体,术后观察视力、并发症、眼压和滤过泡的改变。结果术后29眼均有不同程度的视力提高,视力≥0.5者70%。术后随访6～18月,眼压和滤过泡无改变。30眼均植入人工晶状体,术中1眼后囊膜破裂,术后角膜内皮水肿5眼,大部分在1周内消退。结论对青光眼滤过术后白内障,采用角膜缘3mm隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后效果好,并发症少,不影响眼压,手术安全可靠,既可提高视力,又可保持原有的抗青光眼滤过功能。     

玻璃体抽吸术在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的应用

目的:探讨玻璃体抽吸术在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的作用。方法:回顾分析我院住院患者共60例60眼,男28例,女32例,入院诊断符合急性闭角型青光眼发作期临床特征,且药物治疗24h后眼压仍>21mmHg的急性闭角型青光眼患者,其中控制眼压为21～35mmHg者26眼(43%),眼压～50mmHg者18眼(30%),50mmHg以上者16眼(27%)。视力范围为光感～0.3。所有患者行局部麻醉下睫状体平坦部玻璃体抽吸术治疗,吸出玻璃体液0.4～1.0mL,术后继续观察眼压、视力、前房深度变化,眼压控制稳定后分别进行单纯抗青光眼术、青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体置换术,或白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术。出院后门诊观察,随访6～12mo。结果:患者60例60眼急性闭角性青光眼行玻璃体抽吸术后,第3d检测眼压≤21mmHg者14眼(23%),眼压为～35mmHg者29眼(48%),眼压～50mmHg者13眼(22%),眼压>50mmHg者4眼(7%);抽吸术后视力增加2行的为28眼(47%),视力增加1行的24眼(40%),视力不增加的8眼(13%);58眼前房深度增加(97%);抽吸术后并发前房出血16眼(27%)。眼压控制稳定后分别进行单纯抗青光眼术14眼,青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体置换术28眼,白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术18眼。观察随访6～12mo,眼压控制≤17mmHg者54眼,眼压≤21mmHg者4眼,眼压为～35mmHg者2眼,未见视网膜脱离、黄斑囊样水肿等并发症。结论:玻璃体抽吸术应用在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼能明显降低眼压,为各种青光眼手术的治疗实施提供安全可靠的条件,有助于视功能保护和恢复,提高疗效。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入及其联合手术治疗难治性青光眼的临床观察

目的:观察Ahmed青光眼阀植入及其联合手术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法:回顾在我院行Ahmed青光眼阀植入及其联合手术的难治性青光眼病例45例,对他们手术前后的视力,眼压,术后并发症及其防治措施等进行总结分析.结果:难治性青光眼45例(45眼)实行了Ahmed青光眼阀植入术或联合晶状体摘除、玻璃体切割、人工晶状体植入术等;术后平均观察(3～18)9.7mo;患者术前的平均眼压36.8±12.3mmHg,术后平均眼压18.0±4.5mmHg;手术成功率87%;术后最佳矫正视力提高16眼(35%),视力无变化21眼(47%),视力降低8眼(18%);术后早期最常见的并发症是一过性浅前房及低眼压,发生率为20%,晚期最常见的并发症是滤过泡包裹,发生率是13%.结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入及其联合术治疗难治性青光眼是相对安全和有效的.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.