8341例孕妇产前筛查唐氏综合征的回顾性分析

目的 通过较大样本的人群血清学筛查,建立各孕周AFP、F-β-HCG的中位数,并探讨高危人群范围.方法对8341例孕14-21 6周孕妇,采用时间分辨荧光免疫系统进行血清标志物检测,通过特殊软件进行风险计算,得出高危孕妇,并对其进行产前诊断.并利用非线性加权回归模型计算并建立各孕周的AFP、F-β-HCG的中住数.结果筛查出唐氏综合征高危485例,筛查阳性率5.81%(485/8341),确诊唐氏患儿8例,假阴性病例1例.建立的各孕周AFP、F-β-HCG的中位数与原始筛查软件内嵌参考值比铰均有显著性差异.经修正后的中位数重新分析,9例唐氏患儿全部检出.结论建立适合各地区人群的唐氏综合征血清学筛查AFP、F-β-HCG的中位数值,对提高了筛查效率很有必要.     

兰州地区孕中期产前筛查血清指标MoM值分析

目的分析兰州地区孕中期唐氏综合征（Down syndrome,Ds）筛查人群中位数分布并探讨其临床应用价值。方法采用时间分辨荧光分析法检测7172例妊娠14—20“周妊娠女性血清甲胎蛋白（alpha fetoprotein,AFP）和游离绒毛促性腺激素（free—beta human chorionic gonadotropin,Freeβ—HCG）的浓度。利用DS筛查风险评估软件（LifeCycle3．0,LC3．0）的MediansTool统计不同孕用AFP和Freeβ-HCG的人群中位数、体质量,对LC3．0的中位数方程、体质量校正方程系数进行修正。结果各孕周血清AFP中位数平均水平均比软件内嵌值低,而Freeβ-HCG中位数水平在孕17周前中位数高于软件内嵌值而孕17周后中位数则低于软件内嵌值。各体重血清AFP与软件内嵌值几乎吻合,而Freeβ-HCG中位数平均水平比软件内嵌值低。结论不同地区血清中位数的筛查切割值制定标准可能存在差异,有必要进一步建立本地区孕中期产前筛查人群中位数系统。     

Down''''s综合征的孕中期筛查

目的检测孕妇血清标物甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG)进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查.方法采用金标定量系统对孕中期(14～22w)妇女进行AFP、Free-β-HCG检测,并配有唐氏综合征产前筛查专用软件进行分析校正,对筛查出的先天性缺陷胎儿,在孕妇知情的情况下,选择适宜的产前诊断.结果接受筛查的358名孕妇中,唐氏综合征高风险孕妇为32例,筛查阳性率为8.94%,其中12例接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查,占高危孕妇的37.5%,检出染色体异常核型4例,占高危孕妇羊水细胞培养染色体检查的33.3%.结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查,对减少病残儿的出生,具有重要意义.     

孕妇孕中期唐氏综合征筛查血清AFP、Free-β-HCG、uE3中位数倍数的临床意义

目的探讨孕中期唐氏征筛查检查中AFP、Free-β-HCG、uE3中位数倍数（MOM）结果与胎儿染色体异常及其他先天畸形的关系。方法回顾性分析2009.1-2010.1在我院接受孕中期唐氏征筛查并成功随访的4250例单胎孕妇血清学筛查MOM（multiples of median）值结果与胎儿染色体异常及其他畸形发生情况。结果在4250例孕妇中,共筛查出有MOM值异常404例,其中染色体异常7例,神经管缺陷及其他畸形14例。血清学MOM值正常孕妇中发现21-三体1例,其他胎儿畸形13例,两组比较,胎儿染色体异常及其他畸形发生率有显著差距。结论孕中期血清学筛查指标MOM值异常对胎儿染色体异常,神经管缺陷及其他先天异常的发现均有一定的预测价值。     

唐氏综合征孕中期产前筛查与产前诊断结果分析

目的检测孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）,游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（Free-β-HCG）,进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征的无创伤性筛查。方法采用金标定量系统对孕中期（14-22w）妇女进行AFP、Free-β-HCG检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素,经专用软件进行分析校正,计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择羊膜腔穿刺,进行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果接受筛查的1568名孕妇中筛查出唐氏综合征高风险104例,占筛查总数的6.63%。其中62例接受羊水细胞染色体检查,占高危孕妇的59.62%。检出染色体异常核型14例,占高危孕妇接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查的22.58%。结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿无创伤性产前筛查,结合产前诊断,对减少出生缺陷儿的出生,具有重要意义。     

荆州地区孕妇产前筛查唐氏综合征780例分析

目的检测孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）,游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（Free-β-HCG）,进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合症的无创伤性筛查。方法应用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法（DELFIA）,对孕14～20w孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG、的浓度进行检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择进行父母做染色体检查及胎儿羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果接受筛查的780名孕妇中,唐氏综合征高风险孕妇为49例,筛查阳性率为6.28%,其中29例接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查,占高危孕妇的59.18%,检出染色体异常核型8例,占高危孕妇接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查的27.58%。结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿无创伤性产前筛查,结合产前诊断,及时终止妊娠,预防和减少缺陷儿的出生,提高人口素质具有一定的意义。     

11400例孕中期孕妇唐氏综合征的血清筛查和产前诊断分析

目的 检测妊娠中期孕妇血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离-B-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG),进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征的无创性筛查.方法 对11400名15～20周孕妇采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法检测孕妇血中AFP和β-HCG浓度,结合孕妇年龄、体重、孕周等因素计算风险率.对唐氏综合征高危的孕妇进行羊水细胞染色体分析,神经管缺损(NTD)高危者行超声波检查.结果 在11400名孕妇中21-三体高危791例,占筛查总数的6.94%;18-三体高危315例,占筛查总数的2.76%;神经管缺损高危54例,占筛查总数的0.47%;在769例羊水细胞染色体检查中,共检测出?鲻 异常核型23例.结论 产前筛查、产前诊断对减少出生缺陷的发生,具有重要意义.     

孕妇外周血游离DNA检测联合孕中期三联筛查在唐氏综合征中的应用

目的探讨目前唐氏综合征(DS)孕中期无创胎儿DNA检测联合母血清三联筛查(AFP、Freeβ-HCG和uE3)的临床有效性。方法采用全自动时间分辨荧光免疫分析仪对妊娠14～20w妇女进行血清游离雌三醇(uE3)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(Freeβ-HCG)检测。分析计算胎儿发生唐氏综合征(Downsyndrome,DS)的危险概率并随访妊娠结局,对阳性者检测其外周血DNA。结果 5512例孕中期妇女经唐氏筛查,筛查阳性率为3.9%(215/5512). 215例高危孕中期孕妇进行外周血游离胎儿DNA检测发现染色体数目异常14例,4例结构异常,检测准确率为100%。外周血游离胎儿DNA检测结果显示21-三体综合征12例、18-三体综合征4例、13-三体综合征2例,与染色体核型分析结果符合率均为100%。结论对大样本妊娠中期孕妇进行唐氏筛查可及早发现高危孕妇,对高危孕妇进一步实施外周血游离胎儿DNA检测,可有效地减少出生缺陷的发生。     

产前筛查及数据微机分析的临床意义

目的应用孕妇血清妊娠蛋白检测产前筛查胎儿质量。方法通过ELISA方法检测8790例、孕龄为14-20周的中国人群孕妇血清AFP、βhCG浓度,结合孕妇年龄、孕周等关键参数,计算唐氏综合征的风险系数,并建立了适合本中心的孕中期MoM值。结果在14～20孕周的AFP血清浓度为（28.13～72.50）IU/ml、Free-βhCG血清浓度为9.22mIU/ml-47.09mIU/ml,且呈正态分布,各孕周中位数值与本中心使用的贝喜唐氏综合征产前筛查系统的中位数值较一致,但与以往报道的白种人、黑种人数据有明显的差异。用贝喜唐氏综合征产前筛查系统计算,临床筛查假阳性率约为5.95%;对高危人群中的459人次进行了羊水诊断,其中有唐氏综合征患儿1例,神经管缺损10例。结论在中国人群AFP和βhCG数据库基础上建立的唐氏综合征筛查系统,对于年均有2000万新生儿的中国有着更重要的价值。     

Down′s综合征的孕中期筛查

目的　检测孕妇血清标物甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离- β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free - β-HCG)进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查。方法　采用金标定量系统对孕中期(14～2 2w)妇女进行AFP、Free - β-HCG检测,并配有唐氏综合征产前筛查专用软件进行分析校正,对筛查出的先天性缺陷胎儿,在孕妇知情的情况下,选择适宜的产前诊断。结果　接受筛查的35 8名孕妇中,唐氏综合征高风险孕妇为32例,筛查阳性率为8.94 % ,其中12例接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查,占高危孕妇的37.5 % ,检出染色体异常核型4例,占高危孕妇羊水细胞培养染色体检查的33.3%。结论　利用孕妇血清AFP、Free - β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查,对减少病残儿的出生,具有重要意义。     

Median artery revisited

This study confirms that the median artery may persist in adult life in 2 different patterns, palmar and antebrachial, based on their vascular territory. The palmar type, which represents the embryonic pattern, is large, long and reaches the palm. The antebrachial type, which represents a partial regression of the embryonic artery is slender, short, and terminates before reaching the wrist. These 2 arterial patterns appear with a different incidence. The palmar pattern was studied in the whole sample (120 cadavers) and had an incidence of 20%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.31), occurring unilaterally more often than bilaterally (41) and slightly more frequently on the right than on the left (1.11). The antebrachial pattern was studied in only 79 cadavers and had an incidence of 76%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.61); it was commoner unilaterally than bilaterally (1.51) and was again slightly more prevalent on the right than on the left (1.21). The origin of the median artery was variable in both patterns. The palmar type most frequently arose from the caudal angle between the ulnar artery and its common interosseous trunk (59%). The antebrachial pattern most frequently originated from the anterior interosseous artery (55%). Other origins, for both patterns, were from the ulnar artery or from the common interosseous trunk. The median artery in the antebrachial pattern terminated in the upper third (74%) or in the distal third of the forearm (26%). However, the palmar pattern ended as the 1st, 2nd or 1st and 2nd common digital arteries (65%) or joined the superficial palmar arch (35%). The median artery passed either anterior (67%) or posterior (25%) to the anterior interosseous nerve. It pierced the median nerve in the upper third of the forearm in 41% of cases with the palmar pattern and in none of the antebrachial cases. In 1 case the artery pierced both the anterior interosseous and median nerves.     

Median nerve entrapment. pronator teres syndrome

Summary The surgical anatomy of interest in the pronator teres syndrome was studied to shed light on the ramifying pattern of the median nerve, the number of its muscular branches and their branching levels and to pinpoint the location of the fibrous bands which may cause median nerve entrapment. The fibrous arch of the pronator teres muscle (pronator arch) was found to lie 3 cm to 7.5 cm below Hueter's line, that of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (superficialis arch), which is distal to the pronator arch, was found to lie 6.5 cm below Hueter's line in its most proximal position. Symptom patterns in terms of muscle weakness caused by median nerve entrapment at different levels were also evaluated.

---

Compression du nerf médian. Syndrome du rond pronateur. Anatomie chirurgicale et corrélation aux tableaux cliniques

Résumé L'anatomie chirurgicale relative au syndrome du rond pronateur a été étudiée pour éclairer les modalités de ramification du n. médian, le nombre de ses branches musculaires et leur niveau d'origine, et pour préciser la situation des arcades fibreuses qui peuvent comprimer le n. médian. L'arcade fibreuse du m. rond pronateur a été trouvé'e à 3 à 7,5 cm au-dessous de la ligne de Hueter, celle du m. fléchisseur superficiel des doigts, qui est distale par rapport à celle du m. rond pronateur, a été retrouvée à 6,5 cm au-dessous de la ligne de Hueter dans sa position la plus proximale. Les tableaux cliniques de déficit musculaire causés par la compression du n. médian à divers niveaux sont également analysés.

     

Electron microscopic observations on the development of the median eminence in perinatal rats

Summary This paper reports details of the development of the external layer of the median eminence with special reference to the appearance of the nerve terminals, containing electron dense core and electron lucent vesicles, in the outermost layer of a palisade structure (2–3 thick). Observations were made on perinatal rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (16, 18, 20 day fetuses and rats 5 hours, one 4, and 8 days after birth). The palisade structure of the outermost layer of the median eminence was first clearly detectable 5 hours after birth. Concomitantly, there was a marked increase in the number of nerve terminals in this layer. The nerve terminals containing electron dense core and electron lucent vesicles were seen in 18 day fetuses in the outermost layer of the median eminence. These nerve terminals increased in number during development, especially from the 20th day of fetal life to the 4th day after birth. The size range of the majority of the electron lucent vesicles did not change during development, but that of the core vesicles increased from 600–800 Å from the 18th to 20th day of fetal life. The initiation of neurohemal control of the adenohypophysial function by the hypothalamus is discussed.     

家兔在体活神经力学性质的测定

用弦式，直线式加载法对在体活神经实施系列连续应力和应变的急性单纯性定量牵拉，结果表明：①神经的应力－应变，载荷－延长量曲线均呈幂函数形成；②游离神经的应力松弛持续时间较长，一般在２０００秒内完成；非游离神经的张力衰减则在６００秒内大部完成；③在非游离神经，初始张力越小，则松弛程度越大，松弛速度越快。文中讨论了活体神经力学性质的测试方式。条件和生物意义。     

Functional changes of the neuronal and glial elements at the surface of the external layer of the median eminence

Summary The vascular surface of the external layer of the median eminence is composed of neuronal and glial processes. Neuro-vascular contacts are supposed to be necessary for the release of hypophysiotropic neurohormones.The present study confirms the hypothesis that the relative extent of neuro-vascular and glio-vascular contacts varies under different functional conditions of the tubero-hypophysial system. Morphometric analysis shows that in normal rats about 20% of the surface is lined by neuro-vascular contacts. After bilateral adrenalectomy the neuro-vascular contacts are enlarged to 40% whereas application of an extract of stalk-median eminence tissue is followed by a decrease of the neuro-vascular contacts to 15%. The implications of these results are discussed.A grant of the Landesamt für Forschung NRW is gratefully acknowledged.     

电诊断技术在腕管综合征中的应用

腕管综合征(CTS)在神经卡压性疾病中是最常见的,也是转诊到肌电图室行电诊断检查的最常见原因之一。电诊断检查对于CTS的诊断、预后、治疗方式的选择和术后评估等起着重要作用。为了更好地把电诊断技术应用于腕管综合征诊疗过程中,现将近年来电诊断技术在CTS中的应用情况做一综述。     

Innervation of the medial epicondylar muscles: an anatomic study in 50 cases

The median nerve is classically distributed to the medial epicondylar muscles by two branches (superior and inferior) for the pronator teres muscle, a common trunk for the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus muscles, and a branch for the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. The 50 dissections were made by two workers on 30 upper limbs of formolized cadavers and 20 limbs from fresh-frozen cadavers. The innervation of the pronator teres m. was classical in only 26% of cases, and the “normal” pattern for the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus mm. was found in only 40% of cases. The innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis m. was the least subject to variations, a single branch being observed in 68% of cases. We found a solitary medio-ulnar anastomosis of Martin-Gruber to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. This study confirmed the great variability of the branches of the median nerve at the elbow, and the importance of identifying them in surgical procedures for transposition of the medial epicondyle.     

三碘甲状腺原氨酸对大鼠体感诱发电位的影响

连续腹腔注射三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)过程中,观察成年雄鼠(Sprague-Dawley)体感诱发电位(SEPs)的变化,以探讨T_3对大鼠本体感觉传导功能活动的影响。实验结果显示,在正常大鼠颅顶(C_3)可记录到N_1,P_1,N_2及P_2成份,注射T_3后大鼠SEPs的P_1,N_2和P_2成份的峰值潜伏期随着给药时间的延长而缩短,而N_1成份的峰值潜伏期无变化。由此町见,T_3对大鼠本体感觉传导成份具有选择性和特异性影响。     

Distribution of dopaminergic cell bodies in the median raphe nucleus of the rat brain

An increasing amount of data suggests that a dysfunction in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. With this in mind, the distribution and connectivity of the dopaminergic system in the rat brain has been studied extensively. So far, little is known about the distribution of DA containing neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MnR). This nucleus is mainly defined by a large population of serotonin containing neurons. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry, we observed the presence of a small number of DA containing neurons in the rat MnR, which was in contrast to a previous report.