FISH技术在检测自然流产胚胎染色体异常中的应用研究

目的探讨FISH技术在检测自然流产绒毛组织染色体异常中的应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对100例早期妊娠自然流产绒毛进行染色体数目检测,部分病例同时行常规细胞培养核型分析,分析两种方法的诊断结果。结果 100例绒毛标本FISH检测成功率100%,染色体数目异常42例,检出率42.00%。23例标本同时细胞培养,培养成功率91.30%（21/23）,核型分析异常染色体比率61.91%（13/21）,其中非整倍体占84.61%（11/13）。FISH检测结果与染色体核型分析吻合率100%,漏诊率23.08%（3/13）。结论 FISH技术具有敏感性高、特异性强、诊断快速、对标本要求低等优势,但漏诊率较高,建议条件许可者核型分析和FISH检测同时进行。     

自然流产组织应用FISH技术的染色体异常遗传因素分析

目的分析兰州地区自然流产组织中的染色体异常发生率,并探讨染色体异常与自然流产的年龄、孕周、次数、胚胎性别的关系。方法应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH）技术检测了299例自然流产的绒毛或胚胎组织。结果我们检测出了119例染色体异常病例,其中16-三体最为常见,占所有异常总数的27．73％,X单体次之,占18．49％。我们还发现自然流产与流产时的妊娠孕周和胚胎性别有关。结论染色体异常是自然流产的一个重要原因,尽早地遗传咨询能够有效的降低出生缺陷的发生率。     

用FISH技术分析一例表型异常的染色体平衡易位

目的 应用荧光原位杂交技术对1例染色体结构异常患者进行分析,阐明结构异常性质,并精细定位断点,方法 对一先天表型异常经细胞遗传学检查有t(5;10)的病例,分别选和5号染色体探针池以及用酶母人工染色体作为DNA来源制备的断点区位特异性探针,进行光染色体原位杂交。结果 证实患者染色体异常属平衡易位,并将5号和10号染色体的断点分别定位到1．5Mb及约3Mb的范围。结论 患者的先天性表型异常可能由断点处染色体细微重排或致病基因断裂所致。     

荧光原位杂交技术在诊断胎儿染色体异常中的应用及前景

产前诊断是对胚胎或胎儿在出生前是否患有某种遗传病或先天畸形作出准确诊断 ,以便进行选择性流产。它是搞好优生、提高人口素质的重要措施。近年发展起来的荧光原位杂交技术是细胞遗传学、分子生物学、免疫学相结合的全新技术 ,在基础生物领域和临床研究中得到广泛应用。利用染色体特异性探针能够快速而准确地检测染色体异常 ,成为细胞遗传学的重要补充。故荧光原位杂交技术在临床遗传病检测、产前诊断、间期细胞遗传学及基因定位等领域显示出重要的应用价值。本文就荧光原位杂交技术在诊断胎儿染色体异常中的应用及前景做一综述。FISH的…     

用FISH技术快速诊断胎儿常见染色体数目异常

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在产前诊断中的应用价值.方法采用13、18、21、X和Y染色体特异性DNA探针,对114例孕15～37w孕妇的羊水间期核进行FISH检测,同时行常规羊水细胞核型分析.结果与羊水细胞核型分析相符的染色体正常111例,异常3例,(47,XX 21、47,XY 21和46,XX,-21, t(21;21);另有1例核型为46,XY,t(15;18)(q26;q22),FISH信号显示正常.3例数目异常胎儿引产时抽脐血染色体检查结果与产前诊断一致.结论FISH技术用于产前诊断常见染色体数目异常,具有简便、快速、特异性强等优点,但有一定的局限性.应与常规核型分析相结合方可为临床提供更为真实可靠的信息.     

荧光原位杂交技术在染色体异常中的应用研究

目的应用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术及细胞学对照,研究FISH产前诊断染色体异常的临床应用。方法应用5种（21、13、18、X和Y）FISH探针,平行细胞染色体分析进行565名孕妇产前诊断检测。结果565例产前诊断病历,共检出非整倍体异常核型19例,FISH检测与细胞染色体分析结果一致。结论荧光原位杂交（13,18,21,X和Y）探针,能有效检测间期羊水细胞的绝大多数非整倍体异常,且24～48h出结果。能缓解妊娠妇女的焦虑情绪。     

荧光原位杂交技术研究在染色体异常中的应用

目的建立稳定的荧光原位杂交技术并用于染色体异常的研究.方法用地高辛标记的PY3.4探针、X-α着丝粒探针、生物素标记的特异区域单拷贝序列21q22.3探针对3例正常男性、3例正常女性及2例turner综合征、2例21三体综合征标本进行了原位杂交.结果间期细胞和分裂相中可见特异的荧光点.结论 FISH技术不仅可用于中期分裂相,还可在间期细胞显示杂交信号,是当今的一项分子细胞遗传学先进技术.     

应用染色体涂染技术对五例染色体结构异常病例的分析

目的染色体涂染技术（ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇ）在鉴别常规细胞遗传学难以确定的染色体异常中独具优势。应用该技术对Ｇ显带认为染色体结构异常的病例进行检测。方法对５例细胞学提示染色体结构异常病例，分别选用２、６、５、７、１３、１４号和Ｘ染色体特异ＤＮＡ进行涂染。结果染色体缺失及易位一目了然，即使在分散差的分裂相中亦可辨认。结论染色体涂染技术对于检查染色体结构畸变，特别是检测染色体易位效果良好，结果直观明了，有着重要的应用前景     

用染色体涂染技术分析五例染色体结构异常

目的 结合G－显带核型分析诊断染色体易位,并对G显带技术难以鉴定的微小易位进行分析。方法 采用生物素标记的显微切割备的X、Y、14q,10号染色体特异性探针,与患者外周血培养淋巴细胞中期染色体进行荧光原位杂交。结果 室温存放近10年的标本,－80℃冻存标本及新鲜标本均可看到清晰的杂交信号,染色体结构异常很清楚。结论 染色体涂染技术结合G显带核型分析,可以准确识别G显带技术难以鉴定的染色体微小易位。     

荧光原位杂交技术在染色体异常来源成分检测中的应用分析

目的:探究荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在染色体异常来源成分检测中的应用价值.方法:选取2017年6月至2019年12月于我院进行产前检查的孕妇561例作为研究对象,所有孕妇均行FISH与染色体核型分析检查,分析临床检查结果,另分析染色体核型分析及FISH检查在异常染色体中的检出情况.结果:561例孕妇均行染色体核型分析及FISH检查,母血清生化筛查高风险共232例(41.35％),超声检查胎儿异常32例(5.70％),孕妇年龄≥35岁共248例(44.21％);母血清生化筛查高风险与孕妇年龄≥35岁是行羊水穿刺的主要原因.561例孕妇经染色体核型分析共检出异常染色体132例,异常率为23.53％(132/561);FISH共检出异常染色体121例,异常率为21.57％(121/561).结论:FISH在染色体异常来源成分检测中具有较高的临床应用价值,可为临床诊断提供可靠依据,值得推广.     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测自然流产组织染色体数目异常

为评估荧光原位杂交技术在检测自然流产组织染色体数目异常中的价值和意义,本研究应用FISH技术检测105例自然流产绒毛或胎儿肌肉组织的13、21、18、X、Y染色体的数目,结果显示染色体数目异常的样本为45例,占其中42.86%;数目异常率大于60%的样本为39例;数目异常率介于10%-60%的样本为6例,其中早期流产组织中染色体异常的为29例,占64.44%;常见的数目异常类型为常染色体三体和X单体。与传统的制备染色体技术相比,FISH技术具有快速准确、稳定性高等特点,可以为查明流产原因提供依据,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

荧光原位杂交技术在染色体病产前诊断中的应用及前景

荧光原位杂交是近年来发展起来的检测染色体异常的新型技术,在产前诊断中也得到了广泛的应用,成为传统细胞遗传学检测的一种重要补充。本文着重介绍了FISH技术的原理及探针的分类,FISH技术在染色体病产前诊断中的应用及前景。     

Induction of chromosomal aberrations in mouse zygotes by acrylamide treatment of male germ cells and their correlation with dominant lethality and heritable translocations

The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the time course of the cytogenetic defects induced by acrylamide (AA) treatment (5 × 50 mg/kg) of male germ cells in first-cleavage zygote metaphases using PAINT/DAPI analysis, and 2) to characterize the correlation between chromosomal aberrations at first cleavage, dominant lethality, and heritable translocations. PAINT/DAPI analysis employs multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization painting plus DAPI staining to detect both stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations at first-cleavage metaphase of the zygote. High levels of chromosomally defective zygotes were detected after mating at all postmeiotic stages (20–190-fold, P < 0.001). Early spermatozoa (6.5 d post-treatment) were the most sensitive, with 76% of the zygotes carrying cytogenetic defects. A significant 10-fold increase was also detected 27.5 d post-treatment, indicating that AA had a cytogenetic effect on meiotic stages. PAINT/DAPI analysis revealed that: 1) AA-induced chromosomal breaks occurred at random, and 2) the frequencies of symmetrical and asymmetrical exchanges were similar at all mating days, except 9.5 d after AA treatment, where significantly (P < 0.02) more asymmetrical aberrations were found. Furthermore, the proportions of zygotes carrying unstable and stable chromosomal aberrations followed a similar post-treatment time course as the proportions of dominant lethality among embryos and heritable translocations among offspring. These findings indicate that PAINT/DAPI analysis of zygotic metaphases is a promising method for detecting male germ cell mutagens capable of inducing chromosomal aberrations and for evaluating the associated risks for embryonic loss and balanced translocations at birth. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:410–417, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

荧光原位杂交技术在检测胎儿染色体数目异常中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术在检测胎儿染色体数目异常中的临床应用价值。方法对50例孕16～22周妊娠妇女羊水间期细胞进行FISH（13、21、18、X、Y）快速产前诊断,以常规羊水细胞培养染色体核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检50例羊水间期细胞均获得诊断结果,其中48例为正常胎儿,两例为异常胎儿（1例为48,XXY＋21,另1例为47,XXX）。FISH检测与常规染色体核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测胎儿染色体数目异常具有快速、简便等优点,结果准确可靠,有较大临床应用价值。     

Detection and localization of an extra HLA locus in a karyotypically normal male by chromosomal in situ hybridization

The codominant expression of three HLA haplotypes was found in a healthy 21-year-old Black male, whose prometaphase karyotype was normal by light microscopy. He was the sibling of an antenatally diagnosed female fetus with a partial duplication of 6p. The duplication arose from a complex presumably balanced maternal chromosome rearrangement: 46,XX,dir ins(14;6)(14pter----14p11::6p22----6p21.1::14 p11----14qter; 6pter----6p22::6p21.1----6qter). Chromosomal in situ hybridization using a tritium-labeled genomic clone corresponding to a class I HLA gene revealed two sites of hybridization: at 6p21.3, the band to which this probe has been assigned in normal individuals (Morton et al. 1984a) and a second site at 6p11. We postulate that a recombinational event during meiotic pairing in the mother led to the reintroduction into the normal chromosome 6 homolog of a small segment of the original insertion in chromosome 14 which contained the HLA-A and -B determinants.     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization is necessary to detect an association between chromosome aberrations and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in utero and reveals nonrandom chromosome involvement

Chromosome aberrations are associated with environmental exposures in infants and children. Recently we reported that prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with stable aberration frequencies in cord blood from a subset of 60 newborns from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health Prospective Cohort Study (Bocskay K et al. [ 2005]: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:506-511). To determine whether the environmental exposures may be targeting specific chromosomes and to compare various methods for measuring chromosome aberrations, we further evaluated this same subset of subjects composed of African-American and Dominican nonsmoking mother-newborn pairs residing in low-income neighborhoods of New York City, and exposed to varying levels of airborne PAHs. Chromosome aberrations were measured in cord blood lymphocytes, both by whole chromosome probe (WCP) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and traditional Giemsa-staining. Prenatal exposures were assessed by personal air monitoring. Breaks in chromosomes 1-6, as detected by WCP FISH, were nonrandomly distributed, underscoring the importance of appropriate chromosome probe selection to capture cytogenetic damage in response to exposure. FISH for stable aberrations was found to be a more sensitive method for detecting aberration frequencies associated with environmental exposures, when compared with FISH for unstable aberrations or Giemsa-staining for aberrations. Together, these results suggest that PAHs may be targeting specific chromosomes and highlight the importance of using the more sensitive detection methods to assess risk in populations with low levels of exposure.     

多重荧光原位杂交结合染色体涂抹技术检测骨髓增生异常综合征复杂核型异常

目的探讨多重荧光原位杂交(multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization,M-FISH)及全染色体涂抹(whole chromosome painting,WCP)技术在骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndromes,MDS)复杂核型异常检测中的价值。方法对7例常规R显带具有复杂染色体异常的MDS患者应用M-FISH技术确定复杂染色体的重排及标记染色体的组成,识别微小易位。并进一步采用双色WCP技术验证M-FISH检测的结果。结果M-FISH不仅证实了R显带的结果,而且确定了R带核型分析没有确定的6种标记染色体、9种有不明来源的额外物质增加的染色体、5种衍生染色体的组成和来源及4种被忽略的微小易位。涉及17号染色体的异常及-5/5q-是MDS最为常见的两种染色体异常。WCP技术纠正了一些M-FISH漏检及误检的异常。结论M-FISH是明确复杂染色体异常的很有用的分子生物学工具,WCP是M-FISH技术的重要补充,R带核型分析结合分子细胞遗传学工具M-FISH和WCP可以更加准确地描述复杂染色体异常。     

Marker chromosome 21 identified by microdissection and FISH

A child without Down syndrome but with developmental delay, short stature, and autistic behavior was found to be mosaic 46,XX/47,XX,+mar(21) de novo. The marker was a small ring or dot-like chromosome. Microdissection of the marker was performed. The dissected fragments were biotinylated with sequence-independent PCR as a probe pool for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH results suggested an acrocentric origin of the marker. Subsequent FISH with α-satellite DNA probes for acrocentric chromosomes, and chromosome-specific 21 and 22 painting probes confirmed its origin from chromosome 21. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

用高分辨G带和人工细菌染色体荧光原位杂交技术分析中国儿童孤独症患者的染色体改变

目的 检测中国儿童孤独症患者的特征性染色体改变。方法 应用高分辨G带和人工细菌染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome，BAC)荧光原位杂交(flourescence in situ hybridization，FISH)分析68例中国儿童孤独症患者的染色体改变。结果 用G带分析观察到有染色体改变的4例患者，分别为1例t(4；6)(q23-24；p21)、1例21p 和2例9号染色体臂间倒位。BAC FISH进一步证实易位病例，而且更精确[t(4；6)(q25-26；p21-1)]；涉及7号、15号、2号染色体的BAC FISH均未观察到文献中报道的染色体改变；而9号染色体的臂间倒位和21p 因无BAC克隆而无法证实。结论 用G带和BAC FISH发现少数中国孤独症患者有染色体改变，但远没有文献中报道的10％～48％那么高。BAC FISH有助于精确地确定染色体易位断裂点。     

国产探针用于羊水胎儿细胞染色体FISH检测的影响因素分析及对策

目的探讨FISH技术用于羊水胎儿细胞染色体检查实验中遇到的问题和解决办法及实验中的体会。方法应用国产的探针（CSP18/CSPX/CSPY探针组和GLP13/GLP21探针组）对116例羊水中的细胞进行检测,从而判断胎儿13、18、21、X和Y染色体的数目有无异常。结果预实验中15例羊水标本检测失败,通过摸索实验条件后,有100例羊水的FISH检测成功。与染色体核型分析的结果相比较,准确率为99%。一例不符合的羊水胎儿染色体核型为46,XY,Yqh＋。结论通过100多例羊水FISH实验的摸索,列出几点在实验中的心得体会,不断完善国产探针的实验条件,从而使实验的成功率和准确率都得到稳固和提高。