15d-PGJ2对肾小管上皮细胞CD40及RANTES表达的影响

目的：观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）激动剂15d-PGJ2对干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）诱导的人近端肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）CD40和RANTES表达的影响。方法：体外培养人近端肾小管上皮细胞株，分组如下：（1）正常对照组；（2）IFN-γ（50μg／ml）组；（3）TNF-α（10ng／ml）组；（4）IFN-γ（50μg/ml）＋TNF—α（10ng／ml）组；（5）IFN-γ（50μg／ml）＋TNF-α（10ng／ml）分别加1、3、5μmol／L15d-PGJ2组；（6）IFN-γ＋TNF-α．刺激＋15d-PGJ2（5μmol／L）＋GW9662（PPARγ特异拮抗剂）1μmol／L组。GW9662和15d-PGJ2分别在IFN-γ和TNF-α刺激前3和2小时加入。分别采用RT-PCR、流式细胞仪（FACS）和酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测CD40和RANTES基因和蛋白的表达水平。结果：正常HK-2细胞中，CD40、RANTES有基础水平表达。IFN-γ能显著上调HK-2细胞CD40蛋白的表达；TNF-α单独刺激对CD40表达无显著影响，但能增强IFN-γ的刺激效应。IFN-γ＋TNF-α显著增加HK-2细胞RANTES的表达和分泌。15d—PGJ2呈剂量依赖式在基因和蛋白水平显著抑制IFN-γ＋TNF-α．诱导的CIMO和RANTES的表达。加入PPARγ特异拈抗剂GW9662后，能够部分逆转15d-PGJ，对CIMO和RANTES表达的抑制效应，但并不能完全阻断其作用。结论：15d-PGJ2部分通过PPARγ介导的信号途径参与抑制IFN-γ＋TNF-α．诱导的人近端肾小管上皮细胞CD40和RANTES的表达，从而在肾脏局部发挥免疫调节和抗炎作用。     

过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ参与动脉粥样硬化机制研究进展

过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)是核激素受体超家族的成员之一,是一种配体激活型转录因子,参与体内多种病理生理过程.近年研究表明,PPARγ在血管壁细胞和心肌细胞中表达,具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗增殖等多种作用.该受体激活后能调节动脉粥样硬化病理过程,参与动脉粥样硬化的免疫炎症机制,并可能对动脉粥样硬化的防治具有重要意义.研究PPARγ在动脉粥样硬化中的作用,以期对动脉粥样硬化的机制研究和免疫治疗提供理论依据.     

复发性自然流产育龄期妇女外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子表达分析

我们观察了21例复发性自然流产（recurrent spontaneousabortion,RSA）育龄期妇女外周血IL-4、IFN-γ表达水平及IFN-γ/IL-4比值变化,并与同期正常怀孕妇女的检测结果比较,现报告如下。     

动脉粥样硬化小鼠肝脏脂质代谢相关的PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCG1通路及炎症因子的变化和化瘀祛痰方在其中的作用

目的:观察动脉粥样硬化(AS)小鼠肝脏脂质代谢相关的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)/肝X受体α(LXR-α)/ATP结合盒转运体G1(ABCG1)通路和炎症因子的变化,以及化瘀祛痰方在其中的作用,探讨化瘀祛痰方对肝脏脂质代谢及炎症反应的影响及作用机制。方法:将24只ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为模型组、化瘀祛痰方组和辛伐他汀组,8只C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组。除正常对照组给予基础饲料外,其余各组给予高脂饲料。造模12周后,灌胃给药,化瘀祛痰方组与辛伐他汀组给予相应药物,正常对照组与模型组给予等体积的生理盐水。8周后用全自动生物化学分析仪检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量;HE和油红O染色观察肝脏组织病理及脂质的变化情况;ELISA法检测肝脏游离脂肪酸(FFA)、TG、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的含量;Western blot法检测PPAR-γ、LXR-α和ABCG1的蛋白表达。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清TC、TG和...     

PPARγ激动剂对白血病NB4细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其作用机制

目的探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）激动剂罗格列酮（rosiglitazone,RGZ）对白血病NB4细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其作用机制。方法以不同浓度的RGZ作用于体外培养的NB4细胞0、24、48及72h．应用MTF法检测细胞生长抑制率,用Annexin V／PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,并对细胞凋亡前后P53蛋白的表达水平进行检测。结果RGZ可显著抑制细胞的生长及诱导细胞发生凋亡,呈现出明显的量-效与时-效关系。在细胞凋亡的同时,P53蛋白的表达水平明显升高。结论PPARγ激动剂RGZ能显著抑制NB4细胞的生长并诱导细胞发生凋亡,升高促凋亡蛋白P53的表达水平可能是RGZ诱导NB4细胞发生凋亡的重要作用机制之一。     

PPARγ2基因启动子区-689C/T多态性与心肌梗死的关联性研究

目的 研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ2(peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ2,PPARγ2)基因启动子区-689C/T多态性与心肌梗死的关联性.方法 采用病例-对照方法对武汉地区汉族人群194例无并发糖尿病的心肌梗死患者和693名健康人进行研究.应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测PPARγ2-689C/T基因突变.结果 -689C/T多态性CC、CT、TT基因型频率在病例组分别为88.1%、11.9%、0.0,在对照组分别为93.1%、6.6%、0.3%(CC vs.Cr+TT,P=0.025).调整年龄、性别、腰围、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、身体锻炼、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三脂水平后,-689T等位基因是心肌梗死(OR=2.125,95%CI:1.206～3.744,P=0.009)的独立危险因素.在总体人群,-689T等位基因携带者的总胆固醇水平显著高于非T等位基因携带者[(5.05±1.16)mmol/L vs.(4.78±1.05)mmol/L,P:0.004].结论 PPARγ2启动子区-689C/T多态性与心肌梗死的危险性显著关联.`     

外周血TBNK淋巴细胞亚群和血清Th1/Th2细胞因子与不明原因复发性流产的相关性研究

目的:探讨外周血TBNK淋巴细胞亚群和血清Th1/Th2细胞因子与不明原因复发性流产(URSA)的相关性.方法:淋巴细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子均采用流式细胞术检测;选取2018年5月至2019年5月成都西囡妇科医院就诊的60例不明原因复发性流产女性患者为URSA病例组,同时选择年龄匹配的近1年有健康分娩史的30例...     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血Th2型细胞因子受体水平的研究

目的探讨Th2型细胞因子受体(IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-10R)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病机制中的作用及其临床意义.方法应用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测89例SLE患者和30例正常人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中IL-4R、IL-6R和IL-10R mRNA的表达水平;用ELISA法检测血清中IL-4、IL-6和IL-10水平.结果①活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者及正常人Th2型细胞因子受体阳性表达率为100%.②PBMC中,IL-4R mRNA表达水平活动期SLE患者(1组)为0.604±0.147,非活动期SLE患者(2组)为0.40±0.13,正常人(3组)为0.37±0.07;IL-6R mRNA表达水平1组为0.90±0.27,2组为0.52±0.11,3组为0.57±0.24;IL-10R mRNA表达水平1组为0.87±0.29,2组为0.72±0.21,3组为0.68±0.14.1组和2组间比较无显著性差异(P＜0.05),1组和3组间比较有显著性差异(P=0.00),2组和3组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).③血清中IL-4、IL-6和IL-10水平1组显著高于2组和3组(P＜0.05),2组显著高于3组(P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-4水平与PBMC上的IL-4R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.622和r=0.859,P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-6水平与PBMC上的IL-6R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.887和r=0.615,P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-10水平与PBMC上的IL-10R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.888和r=0.787,P＜0.05).结论Th2型细胞因子及其受体的异常表达可能在SLE疾病活动和发展过程中起重要作用.检测SLE患者PBMC中Th2型细胞因子受体的表达水平可作为疾病的活动性指标之一.     

罗格列酮抗炎作用的研究进展

罗格列酮具有增加胰岛素敏感性、降低胰岛素抵抗而调节血糖的作用,临床广泛用于糖尿病的治疗。近年发现罗格列酮还在全身多器官、多系统的急慢性炎症病变中发挥着重要的抗炎作用。探索罗格列酮抗炎作用的机制可能为炎性疾病的治疗带来新的希望。     

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in women with recurrent abortions: increased cytokine levels and reduced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood

PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in peripheral blood Th1/Th2 cytokine levels and lymphocyte ratios after massive intravenous immunoglobulin (MIVIg) treatment for women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) of unexplained etiology. METHOD OF STUDY: Serum Th1 (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) levels were assessed by ELISA methods (n = 9) and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratios (n = 4) by flow cytometry before and after MIVIg treatments in women with four or more consecutive RSA. RESULTS: Pre-treatment serum IFN-gamma (0.06 +/- 0.09 pg/mL, mean +/- SD), TNF-alpha (0.21 +/- 0.45 pg/mL), IL-4 (0.70 +/- 1.16 pg/mL), and IL-10 (1.12 +/- 1.67 pg/mL) increased to 0.17 +/- 0.16 pg/mL, 0.77 +/- 0.28 pg/mL, 1.82 +/- 0.89 pg/mL, and 3.44 +/- 0.48 pg/mL, respectively, after MIVIg treatments (P < 0.05). CD4-positive IFN-gamma/IL-4 lymphocyte ratios (17.3 +/- 9.1) were reduced to 11.5 +/- 7.1 after treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Massive intravenous immunoglobulin treatments increased peripheral blood cytokine levels and decreased Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratios; thus, MIVIg treatments modify the peripheral Th1/Th2 balance.     

Natural killer cell activity and cytokine production after in vitro immunoglobulin treatment of lymphocytes derived from pregnant women with or without risk for spontaneous abortion

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible mechanism of action effective in immunoglobulin G (IgG) treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The effect in vitro of a commercially available intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) on the rate of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 positive cells (Th1/Th2 balance) and on natural killer (NK) cell activity in populations of peripheral lymphocytes of healthy pregnant women and women at risk for premature pregnancy termination was studied. Primary habitual aborters as well as women showing clinical symptoms (bleeding or regular uterine contractions) of threatened premature pregnancy termination were included. METHODS: Lymphocytes of 20 pregnant women were tested. Five different batches of an IvIg with reported immunomodulatory potential were used at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Cytokine profiles of the lymphocytes were determined by immunocytochemistry. For testing of NK cell activity, the 4 hr single cell cytotoxicity assay was used. RESULTS: Incubation with IgG of lymphocytes from recurrent spontaneous aborters concomitantly and significantly decreased the rate of IL-12 positive cells (P < 0.01) and increased the rate of IL-10 positive cells (P < 0.01), whereas such treatment had no significant effect on lymphocytes of pregnant women not at risk of abortion. Dialysis or heat treatment (56 degrees C, 30 min) of the IgG preparations did not modify the effect. Elevated NK cell activity of women at risk for premature pregnancy termination significantly decreased after IgG incubation of cells in all cases, whereas NK cell activity of normal pregnancy lymphocytes was not altered. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that incubation of peripheral lymphocytes from RSA patients with polyclonal polyspecific IgG alters cytokine profiles and NK activity while the same treatment does not affect lymphocytes of healthy pregnant women. These data might add to the understanding of mechanisms of action of IvIg in prevention of recurrent pregnancy loss.     

绒毛和蜕膜中的Th1,Th2细胞因子水平与反复流产的关系

目的　了解Th1,Th2细胞因子在反复流产患者绒毛和蜕膜中的浓度以及与反复流产的关系。方法　采用放射免疫的方法 (RIA)对 80例反复流产患者和 2 8例正常妇女的绒毛和蜕膜中Th1,Th2细胞因子进行检测。结果　反复流产患者中绒毛、蜕膜Th1,Th2细胞因子的浓度增高 ,与正常对照组相比 (P <0 0 5 ,0 0 1) ;Th1/Th2偏移。结论　Th1、Th2型细胞因子的异常分布与妊娠丢失有关     

Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in recurrent aborters with successful pregnancy and with subsequent abortions

BACKGROUND: This study compared Th1-Th2 cytokine profiles in a subgroup of recurrent aborters who had an abortion with those in a subgroup of recurrent aborters who had a successful pregnancy. METHODS: Fifty-four women with a history of at least three normal pregnancies, 24 women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) followed by abortion (RSA-->A) and 39 women with a history of RSA followed by normal pregnancy (RSA-->N) were studied. Blood samples and placentas were obtained at the time of delivery or abortion; peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated separately with phytohaemagglutinin and with autologous placental cells, and the secreted cytokines estimated. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the RSA-->N subgroup secreted higher concentrations of Th1-type cytokines as compared with normal pregnant women, indicating a higher Th1 bias in these women. However, women in the RSA-->N subgroup had significantly higher concentrations of Th2 cytokines as compared with women in the RSA-->A subgroup. A comparison of Th1:Th2 cytokine ratios indicated a higher Th2 bias in RSA-->N women as compared with RSA-->A women. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that abortion-prone women who proceed to have successful pregnancy are more Th2-biased than abortion-prone women who abort, and that recurrent aborters who undergo spontaneous abortion have a stronger Th1 bias than aborters who have normal pregnancy.     

Expression of intracellular Th1 and Th2 cytokines in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion,implantation failures after IVF/ET or normal pregnancy

PROBLEM: We aimed to investigate absolute counts of intracellular T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine expressing T-cell subpopulations in women with three or more recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), multiple implantation failures after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) (three or more) or during normal pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: Absolute cell counts and percentages of CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, and CD3+/CD8+ T-cell populations expressing intracellular cytokines [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10] was studied by four-color flow cytometry in 15 RSA and 13 implantation failure patients. Eighteen fertile non-pregnant and 47 normal pregnant women were also compared with regard to intracellular cytokine expression. RESULTS: Interleukin-10 producing CD3+/CD8+ T-cell counts were significantly lower in women with RSA (P < 0.05) and implantation failures (P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha producing CD3+/CD4+ T-cell counts were higher in women with RSA (P < 0.05) and implantation failures (P < 0.005) than those of non-pregnant fertile controls. During normal pregnancies, first trimester IL-4 expressing CD3+, CD3+/CD4+ T-cell counts (P < 0.05) and IFN-gamma expressing CD3+ T-cell counts (P < 0.05) were significantly higher than those of third trimester (P < 0.05). First trimester TNF-alpha expressing CD3+/CD8+ T-cell counts were significantly higher than those of second and third trimester women (P < 0.05). However, there are no differences in cytokine expression between non-pregnant and first trimester pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Absolute counts of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha expressing T cells decrease with the progress of gestation (third trimester) during normal pregnancies. In women with implantation failures, absolute cell counts of TNF-alpha expressing CD3+/ 4- cells reflects the presence of dominant Th1 immune response. A significantly increased Th1 cytokine expression may be the underlying immune etiology for reproductive failures.     

Increased IL-12 and decreased IL-33 serum levels are associated with increased Th1 and suppressed Th2 cytokine profile in patients with diabetic nephropathy (CURES-134)

The role played by recently discovered novel cytokine IL-33 in controlling T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines under conditions of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is less well studied. In the present study, we estimated the levels of IL-33 along with both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum of normal glucose tolerant (NGT), diabetic subjects with (DN) or without nephropathy (DM) and correlated it with the clinical risk factors of diabetes and nephropathy. 222 study subjects were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES): 61 NGT, 79 DM and 82 DN. IL-33 level was estimated by ELISA while other Th1 (IL-12, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) cytokines were measured using a Bio-plex bead assay. DM subjects showed a mixed Th1-Th2 profile (increased IFN-g, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-13 and decreased IL-33) while DN subjects showed enhanced Th1 profile (increased IFN-g, IL-2 and IL-12) with suppression of Th2 cytokine (decreased IL-33 and IL-13). The IL-33 levels showed a serial decline with increasing severity of insulin resistance and microalbuminuria. DN was associated with enhanced Th1 response and suppression of Th2 responses which might be due to inreased levels of IL-12 and decreased levels of IL-33 cytokines respectively.     

不明原因复发性流产患者分泌中期子宫内膜血管内皮生长因子和孕激素受体的表达

目的 检测不明原因复发性流产(URSA)患者分泌中期子宫内膜的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和孕激素受体(PR) mRNA及蛋白的表达及探讨其意义.方法 选取2010年6月至2011年10月在广州医学院第三附属医院生殖医学中心和广东省妇幼保健院生殖医学中心及产前诊断科的22例URSA患者为研究组;20例正常妇女为对照组.采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化法检测2组人群分泌中期子宫内膜VEGF和PR的mRNA及蛋白的相对表达水平.结果 VEGF和PR的mRNA和蛋白在两组表达率均为100％;VEGF蛋白表达于腔上皮和间质;PR蛋白表达于腺上皮和间质.研究组VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均低于对照组(0.16±0.10比0.34±0.22,0.014±0.004比0.018±0.005,均P＜0.05);研究组PR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均低于对照组(2.52±0.99比4.38± 1.44,0.25±0.02比0.32±0.02,均P＜0.05).结论 URSA患者分泌中期VEGF、PR的相对低表达可能是导致URSA的分子机制之一.     

过敏小鼠模型Th1/Th2漂移和纠正

目的：研究炒紫苏子醇提物对过敏小鼠模型Th1／Th2漂移和纠正作用。方法：设正常对照组、过敏模型组、炒紫苏子醇提取物0．32、0．64和1．28g／kg各剂量组小鼠共5组。利用流式细胞仪技术测定Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γTNF-α和Th2型细胞因子IL4、IL-5水平。结果：过敏模型小鼠IFN-γ／IL4为0．87，而正常小鼠IFN-γ／IL4为3．93，说明过敏小鼠Th1／Th2异常偏向Th2漂移。0．32、0．64和1．28g／kg各剂量组能明显提高IFN-γ水平（P〉0．05、P〈0．05和P〈0．01），降低IL-4水平（P〉0．05、P〉0．05和P〈0．05），其相应的IFN-γ／IL-4分别为1．92、2．85和3．14。结论：炒紫苏子醇提物能够纠正过敏小鼠Th1／Th2异常偏向Th2漂移，恢复正常，其作用呈剂量依赖关系。     

Th1 (IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

We investigated the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 by PBMC from 24 patients with SLE and 10 healthy individuals. Basal and mitogen-stimulated (lipopolysaccharide and phytohaemagglutinin (LPS + PHA)) cytokine production was determined in a whole blood assay (WBA). Supernatants were collected and assayed with specific ELISAs. Although the IL-2 and IFN-γ contents did not differ significantly between patients and controls under both conditions, statistically significant correlations were found between each cytokine and disease activity (SLAM index) after stimulation (respectively, r= 0.501, P = 0.01 and r = 0.631, P = 0.001). PBMC IL-10 production was significantly higher for patients than controls (P = 0.05), but no correlation between IL-10 levels and the SLAM index was obtained. IL-4 production was not statistically different between SLE patients and controls. For stimulated WBAs, the IL-10/IL-2 and IL-10/IFN-γ ratios were significantly correlated with disease severity (P = 0.02; P = 0.001, respectively). Overall, our data suggest that SLE is characterized by an elevated production of IL-10, reflecting the basal state of activation of the immune system. During exacerbation of SLE, IL-2 and IFN-γ are synthesized in larger amounts and may cause the tissue damage observed.