特发性无精子症及少弱精子症患者Y染色体AZF微缺失筛查分析

目的探讨特发性无精子症及少弱精子症不育男性与Y染色体AZF微缺失的关系.方法用双重PCR技术对63例患者(无精于症41例,少弱精子症14例,严重少精子症8例)进行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb、AZFc、SRY的微缺失筛查.同时对26例无精于症患者行睾丸活检、组织学评估.结果63例中AZF微缺失7例,缺失率为11.1%.其中无精子症5例,严重少精子症2例.AZFc缺失4例,AZFb缺失2例,AZFb AZFc缺失1例,未发现AZFa区缺失.63例及对照组30例SRY基因扩增均阳性.26例无精子症患者行睾丸活检、组织学检查,无1例精子发生正常.结论Y染色体微缺失,特别是AZFc区DAZ基因的微缺失,是引起无精子和严重少弱精子等生精障碍而致男性不育较为重要的遗传学因素.     

无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体的微缺失

目的 检测我国无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体微缺失的发生情况和位点,及其与睾丸病理学类型的关系.方法 取584例无精子症和80例严重少精子症患者精液中细胞或外周血白细胞,裂解提取DNA,用4组多重聚合酶链反应检测分布于AZFa、AZFb、AZFc区,包括欧洲男科学会和欧洲分子遗传学质量控制体系推荐的6个位点在内的共15个序列标签位点(sequence tagged site,SIS)的缺失.对部分有Y染色体微缺失患者进行睾丸细针抽吸活检,检查睾丸病理学类型.结果 584例无精子症患者中,共有66例(11.3%)发生Y染色体微缺失,各区发生率构成比由高到低依次为:AZFc区48例(72.7%),AZFb+c区9例(13.6%),AZFa+b+c区4例(6.1%),AZFb区3例(4.5%),A2Fa区2例(3.0%).80例严重少精子症患者共有10例发生Y染色体微缺失(12.5%),均为AZFc区缺失.AZFc区缺失患者(19例)睾丸病理学类型多样化;AZFb+c区或AZFa+b+c区缺失患者(7例)睾丸病理学类型为唯支持细胞综合征或生精阻滞于精原细胞.结论 Y染色体微缺失在我国的发生情况与其他国家大多数报道基本一致,跨区大缺失对精子发生造成严重影响.     

无精子和严重少精子患者Y染色体AZF微缺失的PCR筛查

目的：探讨Y染色体上AZF微缺失与精子生成的遗传效应关系,建立对无精子症和严重少精子患者Y染色体微缺失的筛查方法。方法;本文应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术对无精子症和严重少精子患者进行Y染色体上AZFa,AZFb,AZFc等5个基因片段的微缺失检测。结果：在64例无精子患者中,AZFb,AZFc,RBM人率分别为4．69％、17．19％、4．69％、未发现AZFa缺失。在53例严重少精子患者中,除1例同时伴有RBM缺失外,均为AZFc缺失,未发现AZFa和AZFb缺失,缺失率为18．87％。30例正常对照组未发现5个区域缺失。结论：精子发生与Y染色体上的多个基因有关,AZFb,AZFc的微缺失是导致无精子和严重少精子的重要原因,AZFc区微缺失可作病因筛查主要候选基因。     

生殖激素水平在男性不育患者Y染色体微缺失中的研究

目的筛查严重少精子症和无精子症患者Y染色体AZF区域微缺失的发生情况,探讨Y染色体微缺失患者生殖激素的水平。方法对195例严重少精子症和80例无精子症患者进行Y染色体无精子因子（azoospermia factor,AZF）微缺失分析,同时用化学发光法测定生殖激素水平。结果275例患者中发生AZF微缺失患者21例,检出率为7．6％,其中少严重精子症15例,无精子症6例。21例AZF微缺失情况：AZFa区缺失3例;AZFb＋c＋d区缺失4例;AZFc＋d区缺失¨例;AZFd区缺失3例。Y染色体AZFb＋C＋d区缺失患者的卵泡刺激素（FSH）值（46．2±10．3）mIU／mL显著高于无Y染色体缺失患者（17．6±15．2）mIU／mL和AZFa区、AZFc＋d区、AZFd区缺失患者（15．8±5．7）mIU／mL,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在无精与严重少精症患者中Y染色体的微缺失以AZFc区和AZFd区缺失最为常见,Y染色体AZFb＋c＋d区缺失是引起高卵泡刺激素的重要原因之一。     

810例严重少(无)精子症患者Y染色体微缺失筛查与分析

目的筛查原发无精子症与重度少精子症患者Y染色体微缺失情况,探讨Y染色体微缺失与男性不育的关系。方法采用改良多重PCR方法对810例男性不育患者(457例原发无精子症和353例严重少精子症)基因组DNA进行Y染色体微缺失筛查。结果810例患者中发现77例Y染色体微缺失患者,缺失率为9.5%,其中少精子症31例,均为AZFc微缺失,无精子症46例,缺失类型呈多样化。缺失类型包括AZFa微缺失3例(3.90%),AZFb微缺失2例(2.60%),AZFc微缺失63例(81.82%),AZFb+c微缺失4例(5.19%),AZFa+b+c微缺失5例(6.49%)。结论Y染色体微缺失是原发无精子症和少精子症的重要原因之一,AZFc缺失为最常见的缺失类型,对此类患者进行Y染色体微缺失的常规筛查是有必要的,尤其是拟行辅助生殖技术助孕的不育患者。     

多重PCR法检测严重少精子症和无精子症患者Y染色体微缺失

目的检测严重少精子症和无精子症患者Y染色体微缺失,探讨严重少精子症和无精子症与Y染色体微缺失的关系。方法对染色体正常的严重少精子症和无精子症患者运用多重PCR技术检测Y染色体AZF基因家族AZFa、AZFb、AZFc三个区域中6个序列标签位点(sequence tagged sites,STS)微缺失,20例精液正常患者作为对照。结果 39例严重少精子症患者中发现5例存在Y染色体微缺失,均为AZFc缺失,缺失率为12.82%。31例无精子症患者中发现6例存在Y染色体微缺失,其中AZFb+AZFc缺失2例,AZFb缺失3例,AZFc缺失1例,缺失率为19.35%。20例精液正常患者Y染色体均未发现微缺失。结论严重少精子症和无精子症与Y染色体微缺失密切相关。     

35例无精子症和严重少精子症患者的遗传学分析

目的探讨无精子症和严重少精子症与遗传因素的关系。方法35例无精子症和严重少精子症患者进行染色体G显带核型分析;运用多重PCR技术检测Y染色体AZF基因家族AZFa、AZFb、AZFc三个区域中的6个序列标签位点（sequence tagged sites,STS）微缺失。结果35例无精子症和严重少精子症患者中有13例发现遗传异常,其中染色体异常11例,Y染色体微缺失2例。结论无精子症和严重少精子症与遗传缺陷密切相关。     

1000例无精子症和严重少精子症患者的Y染色体微缺失检测及分析

目的探讨Y染色体微缺失检测的意义。方法应用多重PCR对329例无精子症和671例严重少精子症患者行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc基因微缺失检测。结果共检出Y染色体微缺失76例(7.6%),其中AZFc缺失60例(78.9%)。无精子症患者检出率为10%,严重少弱精子症患者检出率为6.4%,这两组缺失率有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AZFc缺失是最常见的缺失类型。无精子症患者Y微缺发生率较严重少精子症患者高。Y染色体微缺失检测为这类患者的遗传咨询提供重要依据。     

青岛地区69例无精子症和严重少精子症患者的遗传学分析

目的探讨无精子症和严重少精子症与遗传因素的关系。方法对69例无精子症和严重少精子症患者进行外周血染色体G显带核型分析,运用多重PCR技术检测Y染色体AZF基因家族AZFa、AZFb、AZFc三个区域中的6个序列标签位点(sequencet agged sites,STS)微缺失。结果 69例无精子症和严重少精子症患者中有染色体异常12例,Y染色体微缺失14例,其中有4例患者既存在染色体异常,又存在Y染色体微缺失。结论无精子症和严重少精子症与遗传缺陷密切相关。     

广州地区无精子症和严重少精子症者Y染色体微缺失的筛查分析

目的探讨Y染色体无精子因子(AZF)区域微缺失与原发无精子、严重少精子症之间的关系。方法对广州地区103例原发无精子症、72例原发严重少精子症患者及60名正常生育男性采用多重聚合酶链反应技术进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFc 3个区域微缺失分析。结果 60名正常生育男性未发现Y染色体AZF区域微缺失,175例生精障碍患者中发现AZF微缺失19例,总缺失率为10.9%。其中11例无精子症患者和4例少精子症患者的缺失发生在AZFc区域,缺失率为8.6%;1例无精子症患者和2例少精子症患者发生AZFb、AZFc双重缺失,缺失率为1.7%;1例无精子症患者发生AZFa、b、c 3个区域同时微缺失,缺失率0.6%。生精障碍组与正常生育男性组比较Y染色体AZF区域微缺失率差异具有显著性(P0.001)。结论 Y染色体AZF区域微缺失是引起男性无精子、少精子症的重要原因之一,对原发无精子、少精子症患者在单精子注射之前进行微缺失筛查是必要的。     

Y chromosome microdeletions in Tunisian infertile males

AIM: To determine frequency of Y microdeletions in azoospermic and oligospermic Tunisian infertile males. METHODS: A Sample of 146 Tunisian infertile males with a low sperm count (<5 x 10(6) sperms per mililiter) and normal karyotype was screened for Y chromosome microdeletions. 76 men were azoospermic and 70 men were oligospermic. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and multiplex PCR was carried out with a set of 20 AZFa, AZFb and AZFc STS markers to detect the microdeletions as recommended by the European Academy of Andrology. RESULTS: In 10/146 (6.85%) subjects AZF deletions were observed. Of these ten males with microdeletions, 9/10 subjects were azoospermic (90%), 1/10 was oligospermic (10%). Frequency of microdeletions in azoospermic men was 9/76 (11.84%). None of the patients showed isolated microdeletion in the AZFa region, but one azoospermic man had deletion in the AZFb region. Eight azoospermic patients and one oligospremic man have AZFc microdeletions. AZFc and AZFb were deleted in three azoospermic patients. AZFc, AZFb and AZFa were deleted in three azoospermic patients We estimate the sensitivity of the test comprising six STS in our sample to be 90%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of Yq microdeletions in the study population of infertile Tunisian men falls within the range published in other countries. We suggest to analyze 9STS in the first step to detect efficiently Y microdeletions in our population.     

Clinical characterization of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men with microdeletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome,and of 18 children conceived via ICSI

BACKGROUND: Severe spermatogenic compromise may be the result of a Y-chromosomal deletion of the AZFc region. Prior studies are limited to relatively small numbers of AZFc-deleted men. In this study, we have fully characterized 42 infertile men with a Y chromosome microdeletion strictly confined to the AZFc region, and we report on 18 children conceived through the use of ICSI. METHODS: A total of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men had AZFc deletions. History, physical examination, karyotype, FSH, LH, testosterone, testis histology and results of ICSI using ejaculated or testis sperm were retrospectively accumulated in two academic clinical practices. RESULTS: All men were somatically healthy. Karyotypes were 46,XY in all but two men. FSH, LH, testosterone and testis histology could not differentiate those with oligospermia or azoospermia, nor could they predict whether sperm could be found in harvested testis tissue. Paternal age was not increased. Sperm production appeared stable over time. The results of ICSI were not affected by the AZFc deletion. All but one of the offspring were healthy. The sons inherited the AZFc deletion with no increase in length. CONCLUSIONS: AZFc-deleted men are somatically healthy, will most likely have useable sperm, will have stable sperm production over time and will have a good chance to experience biological paternity, but their sons will also be AZFc-deleted.     

Detection of sperm in men with Y chromosome microdeletions of the AZFa,AZFb and AZFc regions

BACKGROUND: Y chromosome microdeletions are associated with severe male factor infertility. In this study, the success rate of testicular sperm retrieval was determined for men with deletions of AZF regions a, b or c. METHODS: AZF deletions were detected by PCR of 30 sequence-tagged sites within Yq emphasizing the AZFa, b and c regions. Semen analysis and diagnostic testis biopsy or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) findings were correlated with the specific AZF region deleted. RESULTS: A total of 78 men with AZF deletions included three with AZFa deletion, 11 with AZFb, 42 with AZFc, 16 with AZFb+c and six with Yq (AZFa+b+c). All men with AZFa, AZFb, AZFb+c and Yq deletions were azoospermic and no sperm were found with TESE or biopsy. Of men with isolated AZFc deletion, sperm were found in 75% (9/12) by TESE and 45% (9/20) on biopsy (56% overall); 62% (26/42) were azoospermic and 38% (16/42) severely oligozoospermic. A total of 7 patients with deletion patterns that included the complete AZFa region and 23 that included the complete AZFb region who underwent TESE or biopsy did not have sperm detected by these surgical measures. CONCLUSIONS: Microdeletion of the entire AZFa or AZFb regions of the Y chromosome portends an exceptionally poor prognosis for sperm retrieval, whereas the majority of men with AZFc deletion have sperm within the semen or testes available for use in IVF/ICSI.     

105例无精子、少精子症患者Y染色体AZF区微镍失检测的研究

目的 探讨中国人群无精子、少精子症患者常规6个STS位点检测Y染色体AZF基因微缺失的情况。方法 选取EAA和EMQN推荐的常规6个Y染色体特异性序列标签位点，经2组多重PCR对76例无精子症和29例少精子症男性患者进行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc区微缺失检测。其中，8例无精子症患者还同时进行了G带染色体核型分析、荧光Q-显带等细胞遗传学检测。结果 105例患者经6个STS位点检测发现AZF区微缺失9例。其中AZFc（SY254，SY255）缺失7例，AZFb（SY127，SY134）＋AZFc（SY254，SY255）缺失2例，未发现AZFa缺失。复合微缺失及其它6例未检出微缺失的患者同时经细胞遗传学分析，发现4例染色体结构异常。2例复合微缺失患者分别为Y等臂染色体：46，X，idic（Y）（q11．2）、X和Y等臂染色体的嵌合体：45，X[19]／46，X，idic（Y）（q11．2）；1例为Y染色体长臂部分失：46，X．del（Y）（q11．2）；另1例为Y染色体部分片段复制至15号染色体：46，XY，der（15）t（Y；15）（q11．2；p11．1）。根据细胞遗传学结果，重新设计STS检测位点，发现Y染色体长臂部分缺失患者存在AZFc（SY243，SY158）的缺失。结论 Y染色体AZF微缺失的检测是临床判断无精子、少精子症患者是否遗传因素的重要手段。但传统的6个STS位点检测在中国人群中应用尚需进一步验证。同时做细胞遗传学分析对疾病的准确诊断会有很大帮助。     

Prognostic value of Y deletion analysis: what is the clinical prognostic value of Y chromosome microdeletion analysis?

In many centres, Y chromosome deletion analysis is still not performed routinely and if so, the results are used for genetic counselling but are not considered as having a useful prognostic value. The type of deletion (AZFa, b or c) has been proposed as a potential prognostic factor for sperm retrieval in men undergoing TESE. AZFc deletions and partial AZFb deletions are associated with sperm retrieval in approximately 50% of cases while in the case of a patient with complete AZFb deletion the probability of finding mature spermatozoa is virtually nil. Therefore the extent and position of a Y microdeletion is important (complete or partial). The prognostic value of Y chromosome deletion analysis in cases of oligozoospermia is important when one considers the progressive decrease of sperm number over time in men with AZFc deletions. Cryo-conservation of spermatozoa in these cases could avoid invasive techniques, such as TESE/ICSI, in the future. Male offspring that are conceived by ICSI or IVF techniques from father with oligozoospermia or azoospermia would also benefit from knowledge of their Y status, since the identification of the genetic defect will render future medical or surgical therapies unnecessary. Y microdeletion screening is therefore important, not only to define the aetiology of spermatogenic failure, but also because it gives precious information for a more appropriate clinical management of both the infertile male and his future male child.