罗库溴铵用于全麻患者快速气管插管的临床观察

目的观察2倍ED95(0.6mg/kg、3倍ED95(0.9mg/kg)剂量的罗库溴铵在全麻快诱导气管插管时的起效时间、肌松程度及其插管条件,并与琥珀胆碱对照.方法90例病人随机分为3组,每组30例.依次静脉注射咪唑安定0.04mg/kg、异丙酚2mg/kg,芬太尼4μg/kg和肌松药,肌松药Ⅰ组给罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg、Ⅱ组给罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg,Ⅲ组给琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg.对尺神经作4个成串刺激(TOF),连续监测拇收肌收缩情况,待TOF第1个颤搐反应高度(T1)完全消失时行气管插管.记录每次刺激后T1值、起效时间(T1消失时间),并评估插管条件.同时观察心率、血压等心血管反应作为解迷走神经反应的指标.结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较,在各个时间段每次刺激后的衰减幅度和肌松阻滞程度明显较慢(P＜0.01).起效时间琥珀胆碱组为(64±13)s,0.9mg/kg罗库溴铵组为(99±31)s,而0.6 mg/kg罗库溴铵组时间最长,为(135±40)s.罗库溴铵两组之间比较差别有显著性意义(P＜0.01);3组气管插管条件按照Cooper法评分标准均可得到8～10分,优良率100%.静注肌松药后1min、插管前、插管后5min均无明显的心血管不良反应.结论0.9 mg/kg罗库溴铵起效时间和插管条件比0.6 mg/kg罗库溴铵更接近琥珀胆碱,副作用少,适宜快诱导插管.     

不同剂量罗库溴铵用于快诱导插管的时效比较

目的:观察3ED95(0.9 mg/kg)、4ED95(1.2mg/kg)剂量的罗库溴铵在全麻诱导后气管插管时的起效时间、肌松程度及其插管条件,并与琥珀胆碱对照.方法:60例妇科不孕患者,ASA Ⅰ级,随机分为三组,每组20例.均于异丙酚靶控输注下(效应室浓度3ug/ml),再依次静注芬太尼4 ug/kg和肌松药,肌松药Ⅰ组给罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,Ⅱ组给罗库溴铵1.2 mg/kg,Ⅲ组给琥珀胆碱1.0 mg/kg,行气管插管.采用四个成串刺激尺神经,连续监测尺神经-拇内收肌收缩情况.记录每次刺激后T1值(Tw)、TOF值以及起效时间(T1消失时间)、评估插管条件.结果:Ⅰ组同Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较在各个时间段Tw颤搐反应的衰减幅度和肌松阻滞程度明显较慢,起效时间Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组差异无显著性,Ⅰ组分别与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较差异有显著性,三组气管插管条件按照Cooper法评分标准均可得到8～10分,优秀率为100%.结论:4ED95罗库溴铵起效时间和插管条件与琥珀胆碱相似,可以取代琥珀胆碱行快速诱导插管.     

不同剂量罗库溴铵用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

目的观察不同剂量罗库溴铵用于全麻快速诱导气管插管时的肌松程度、插管条件和对循环的影响,并与阿曲库铵比较。方法随机选择全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为三组,每组20例。Ⅰ组给罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,Ⅱ组给罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg,Ⅲ组给阿曲库铵0.6mg/kg。常规诱导后分别给予罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg后60s行气管插管和阿曲库铵0.6mg/kg后180s行气管插管,并评估插管条件同时观察心率、血压等心血管反应作为解迷走神经反应的指标。结果三组患者的声门暴露评级差异无显著性(P>0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组气管插管条件优于Ⅰ组(P均<0.01),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者诱导后MAP和HR与基础值比较差异无显著性,Ⅲ组患者诱导后MAP明显下降而HR却明显增快(P<0.05或0.01)。结论0.9mg/kg罗库溴铵可广泛用于全麻快速诱导气管插管,为目前最符合理想肌松药特性的新型肌松药。     

顺式阿曲库铵与罗库溴铵用于全麻气管插管的临床效果分析

目的 探讨顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵分别用于全麻诱导气管插管的效果.方法 将124例行全麻气管插管腹部手术的患者随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组和罗库溴铵组,各62例,经静脉注入咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg,芬太尼3 μg/kg进行麻醉诱导,待患者意识和睫毛反射消失后,顺式阿曲库铵组给予顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,罗库溴铵组给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后行气管插管,比较气管插管的总有效率及两组患者诱导前、插管后1、5 min时平均动脉压（MAP）、脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）、心率（HR）的变化,记录全麻诱导的起效时间、作用时间、恢复指数及组胺释放情况.结果 罗库溴铵组气管插管总有效率为95.2％,与顺式阿曲库铵组（88.6％）比较差异有统计学意义（x2=1.74,P＜0.05）;两组患者插管后1 min的MAP、HR明显上升（P＜0.05）,5 min后与诱导前无明显差异;罗库溴铵组的起效时间和作用时间较短,恢复指数也明显低于顺式阿曲库铵组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 罗库溴铵用于全麻气管插管术的起效时间短,恢复迅速,是临床上较理想的肌松药.     

罗库溴铵用于全麻诱导气管插管的临床观察

目的:比较罗库溴铵与维库溴铵在全麻诱导气管插管期间的起效时间、肌松效果以及对循环系统的影响。方法:随机选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级需行全身麻醉的病例80例,将病人分为罗库溴铵组(A组)和维库溴铵组(B组),每组各40例,麻醉诱导用药为芬太尼4μg/kg,异丙酚2 mg/kg,2 min内推完。继之A组推注罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,B组推注维库溴铵0.15 mg/kg,对尺神经作4个成串刺激(TOF),连续监测拇内收肌收缩情况,待TOF第1个颤搐反应高度(T1)完全消失时置入喉镜插管,行机械通气。观察两组肌松药起效时间、肌松效果以及对循环系统的影响。结果:A组平均起效时间为(78±12)s,B组平均起效时间为(192±26)s,两组比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);两组声门暴露情况及插管条件比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组病人循环功能变化小,注药后与注药前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:罗库溴铵起效快,肌松效果好,对循环系统影响小,有利于快速诱导气管插管,是目前最符合理想肌松药特性的新型肌松药。     

罗库溴铵与维库溴铵、琥珀胆碱、阿曲库铵快速诱导气管插管的对比研究

目的比较4种肌松药在快速诱导气管内插管时的肌松及不良反应.方法随机选择ASAⅠ级病例80例,将病人分为4组,组Ⅰ为琥珀胆碱组,组Ⅱ为维库溴铵组, 组Ⅲ为阿曲库铵组,组Ⅳ为罗库溴铵组,每组20例,给予2倍ED95剂量药物60s后气管插管,观察肌松效果及不良反应.结果罗库溴铵组起效时间和插管状态优良率接近琥珀胆碱,无支气管痉挛和皮疹,对循环功能影响小.结论罗库溴铵起效快,有利于快速诱导插管且无心血管不良反应或过敏反应,是快速诱导气管插管时的良好肌松药选择.     

罗库溴铵用于全身麻醉诱导气管插管效果观察

目的 探讨罗库溴铵用于全身麻醉诱导气管插管的效果.方法 将90例全身麻醉择期手术患者随机分为罗库溴铵组（0.6mg/kg,A组）、维库溴铵组（0.08mg/kg,B组）及2倍ED95剂量的顺式阿曲库铵组（0.1mg/kg,C组）.采用4个成串刺激（TOF）方式,以麻醉前T1颤搐值（%）作为判断指标,待T1稳定至100%后15s内快速静脉注射肌松药,同时予纯氧面罩吸入2min后行气管插管.记录患者插管前,插管后1、3及5min的血压和心率变化,观察插管条件、首次剂量后自行恢复时间.结果 三组患者气管插管前,插管后1、3及5min的HR、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）组内比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,三组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.C组声门暴露明显优于A组和B组（P〈0.05）.三组最大T1阻滞（%）比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,A组起效时间明显短于B组和C组（P＜0.05）,三组恢复25%T1肌松时间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 罗库溴铵能快速的提供更好的插管条件,是全身麻醉诱导气管插管较理想的非去极化肌松药.     

罗库溴铵预注在全身麻醉气管插管中的应用

目的: 观察罗库溴铵全身麻醉(全麻)诱导预注给药气管插管效果。方法: 48例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期手术患者,随机分为罗库溴铵组(R组)24例和琥珀胆碱组(S组)24例,R组在全麻诱导前先静脉注射小剂量罗库溴铵0.06 mg/kg(1/5ED₉₅),再静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg(2ED₉₅),预注时间为1 min;S组诱导药同R组,最后静脉注射琥珀胆碱1.2 mg/kg(4ED₉₅)。观察作用显效时间、起效时间、1 min T₁值及T₁最大抑制程度和平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO₂)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_ETCO₂)。结果: 2组插管条件评级组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),注药后T₁最大抑制程度2组基本相似(P>0.05)。肌松药作用显效时间、起效时间和1 min T₁值S组均比R组明显缩短(P<0.01)。MAP、HR、SpO₂、P_ET CO₂无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论: 预注罗库溴铵0.06 mg/kg(1/5ED₉₅),时间1 min,插管时剂量0.6 mg/kg(2ED₉₅)在全麻气管插管中是安全有效的。     

增大顺阿曲库铵剂量与罗库溴铵麻醉诱导效果的比较

目的通过观察不同剂量顺阿曲库铵的起效时间、临床有效时间的变化,并与罗库溴铵比较,为临床手术患者个体化选择肌松药物及剂量提供理论依据。方法ASAI～Ⅱ级择期妇科手术女性患者120例,随机分为4组,每组30例,分别予顺阿曲库铵0．1mg／kg（A组）、0．15mg／kg（B组）、O．2mg／kg（c组）和罗库溴铵0．9mg／kg（D组）,咪达唑仑、芬太尼、异丙酚诱导麻醉,观察心率、血压和全身皮肤情况以及TOF的变化,并进行气管插管条件评级。结果各组肌松药起效时间分别是（226±57）s、（184±56）s、（135±45）s、（80-．I-25）S,C组分别与A、B、D相比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;各组临床有效时间分别是（334±5）min、（41±8）min、（534±8）min、（42±11）min,C组分别与A、B、D相比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。c组临床有效时间的离差与D组相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论增大剂量法明显缩短顺阿曲库铵的插管起效时间,但与罗库溴铵相比,临床作用时间延长,便不适于短小外科手术的麻醉,而罗库溴铵临床作用时间的变异性较大,顺阿曲库铵的可控性优于罗库溴铵。     

在心脏病和非心脏病中罗库溴铵作用的比较

目的:观察罗库溴铵的肌松效应和血流动力学效应. 方法:择期全麻患者40例,在安定、依托咪酯和芬太尼麻醉下,应用罗库溴铵,观察在心脏病手术患者和非心脏病手术患者的肌松效应,插管条件及其对血流动力学的影响. 结果:罗库溴铵0.7 mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg的气管插管优良率均为100%,无差异,起效时间分别是68 s和74 s,无显著差异(P》0.05). 罗库溴铵(iv)在心脏手术和非心脏手术患者的无反应期分别是28.7和26.8 min,无明显差异(P》0.05). 罗库溴铵(iv)后,心脏病和非心脏病患者的血流动力学参数均无明显变化. 结论:常规插管剂量(2倍ED95量:0.7 mg/kg)罗库溴铵对循环功能影响轻微,可安全地用于心脏手术和非心脏手术患者.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.