Effect of preincisional ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block on postoperative analgesic requirement in day-surgery patients undergoing herniorrhaphy under spinal anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: By choosing spinal anaesthesia instead of general anaesthesia, and by infiltrating the wound area with local anaesthetic the need for postoperative analgesics may be reduced. An ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) in inguinal herniorrhaphy was, therefore, studied in a day surgery setting in combination with a spinal block. METHODS: One hundred ASA I-II adult patients scheduled for inguinal herniorrhaphy were given spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine. In a randomized and blinded fashion half of them received an IINB 5 min before the surgical incision with 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (B-IINB) and the other half with saline (S-IINB). All patients received ketoprofen 100 mg i.v. during surgery and another 100 mg 2-3 h postoperatively. The patients were observed for about 6 h in the day surgery unit before discharge. RESULTS: The results showed that in comparison with the S-IINB group, significantly fewer patients in the B-IINB group needed analgesics (P<0.01) and the amount required was also significantly less postoperatively, before discharge (about 6 h postoperatively) (P<0.05). The latency to the need for the first postoperative analgesic was shorter in the S-IINB patients (P<0.01). At home the VAS scores and the need for analgesics (oral ketoprofen 100 mg) were low with no differences between the groups. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that no long-term analgesia could be demonstrated by a preincisional IINB performed during spinal anaesthesia in day-surgery inguinal herniorrhaphy patients. Thus, reduced analgesic requirement was seen only for about 6 h postoperatively.     

超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜手术患者苏醒质量及术后镇痛的影响

目的评估超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞(thoracic paravertebral nerve block, TPVB)复合全麻对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者苏醒质量及术后镇痛的影响。方法择期行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者52例,男34例,女18例,年龄25～65岁,BMI 19～28 kg/m~2, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。按随机数字表法分为胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全麻组(观察组)和单纯全麻组(对照组),每组26例。麻醉诱导前观察组在超声引导下行单次椎旁神经阻滞,注射0.375%罗哌卡因25 ml;对照组不做任何处理。两组麻醉诱导后均采用全凭静脉麻醉,术后给予患者静脉自控镇痛。记录自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、术后镇静-躁动评分(SAS),记录术后1、6、12、24、48 h静息及咳嗽时VAS评分,记录镇痛药物使用及恶心呕吐、瘙痒、尿潴留、嗜睡、呼吸抑制和低血压等不良反应的发生情况。结果两组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间差异无统计学意义。两组术后不同时点静息时VAS评分差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,观察组术后SAS评分、术后1、6、12 h的咳嗽时VAS评分明显降低(P0.05),术后48 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数明显减少(P0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论 TPVB联合全麻镇痛效果确切,术后苏醒质量高,可安全有效地用于胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者。     

超前镇痛对腹部手术全麻患者术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的 分析超前镇痛干预对腹部手术全麻患者术后认知功能的影响。方法 择期开腹胃肠部手术、麻醉时间超过3小时的患者40例,分为四组,全凭静脉麻醉组（TIVA组）10例与全凭静脉麻醉+超前镇痛干预组（TIVA干预组）10例;静吸复合麻醉组（CIIA组）10例与静吸复合麻醉+超前镇痛干预组（CIIA干预组）10例。术前1天、术后1天、术后7天对所有患者采用简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、连线测验量表（TMT）、简易视觉记忆量表（BVMT）、霍普金斯词语学习量表（HVLT）进行认知功能的评分,并检测血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）含量,对所有患者术后24小时均用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）进行疼痛评分,比较四组患者认知功能、CRP与IL-6含量、VAS评分的差异。结果 TIVA、CIIA、CIIA干预三组患者术后1天MMSE、BVMT、HVLT评分下降明显（P<0.05）：MMSE、BVMT评分下降最多的是CIIA组;HVLT-T评分下降最多的是CIIA与CIIA干预组;术后7天TIVA组患者HVLT-R评分恢复到术前1天水平,CIIA组患者HVLT-R评分虽较术后1天有所改善但仍低于术前1天水平（P<0.05）;术后7天CIIA、CIIA干预两组患者HVLT-T评仍低于术前1天水平（P<0.05）。TIVA干预与CIIA干预两组术后24小时VAS评分明显低于TIVA与CIIA组（P<0.05）。TIVA干预、CIIA干预两组术后1天CRP、IL-6含量的总体均数明显低于TIVA、CIIA两组（P<0.05）。结论 七氟醚在术后短时间POCD发生中占主导地位;而NASIDs类药物帕瑞昔布钠和局部神经阻滞超前镇痛对于POCD的影响有局限性,在全凭静脉麻醉患者应用则有积极作用,对于持续吸入3小时以上七氟醚的静吸复合麻醉患者作用不明显。     

超声引导下腓肠肌平面阻滞对足踝部手术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的 评价单次腓肠肌平面阻滞(GPB)用于择期全身麻醉下足踝部手术患者术后镇痛的有效性。方法 选择全身麻醉下足踝部手术患者60例,男34例,女26例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。将患者随机分为两组：GPB组和对照组,每组30例。GPB组术前进行GPB,于腓肠肌表面共注入0.375%罗哌卡因30 ml,对照组不予GPB。两组麻醉诱导和麻醉维持方法一致。术后均行无背景剂量羟考酮静脉镇痛。记录术后4、8、12、16、24、48 h静息和活动(足踝部背曲与跖曲)时NRS评分,术后0～16、16～24、24～48、0～48 h疼痛-时间曲线下面积(AUC),术中瑞芬太尼的用量,术后48 h内地佐辛补救情况,术后0、4、8、12、16、24、48 h的羟考酮滴定量,术后48 h有效按压次数、总按压次数和首次按压时间,术后住院时间、首次下床活动时间,以及头晕、发热、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒和神经并发症等不良反应发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,GPB组术后4、8、12、16 h静息和活动时NRS评分明显降低(P<0.01),静息时和活动时0～1...     

Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under general anaesthesia

Background: The use of regional anaesthesia in thyroid surgery remains controversial.This double-blind, randomized controlled study was conductedto evaluate the analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficialcervical plexus block (BSCPB) performed under general anaesthesiain patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive consenting patients were randomizedto receive a BSCPB with saline (Group P, n = 29), ropivacaine0.487% (Group R, n = 29), or ropivacaine 0.487% plus clonidine5 µg ml^–1 (Group RC, n = 29). Sufentanil was givenduring the intraoperative period for a 20% increase in arterialmean pressure or heart rate in a patient with a bispectral indexbetween 40 and 60. All patients received 4 g of acetaminophenduring the first 24 h after operation. The pain score was checkedevery 4 h and nefopam was given for pain score >4 on a numericpain scale. Results: During surgery, the median sufentanil requirements were significantlyreduced in Group RC compared with Groups R and P (0.32 vs 0.47and 0.62 µg kg^–1; P < 0.0001). After surgery,the number of patients requiring nefopam within 24 h of surgerywas significantly lower in Groups R and RC than in Group P (16and 19 vs 25; P = 0.03). At post-anaesthetic care unit admission,median (range) pain scores were significantly lower in GroupsR [3 (0–10)] and RC [3 (0–8)] than in Group P [5(0–8), P = 0.03]. No major complications of BSCPB occurredduring study. Conclusions: BSCPB with ropivacaine and clonidine improved intraoperativeanalgesia. BSCPB with ropivacaine or ropivaciane and clonidinewas effective in reducing analgesic requirements after thyroidsurgery.     

A comparison between ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block performed by anaesthetist or surgeon for postoperative analgesia following groin surgery in children

A study was performed to compare postoperative analgesia in children undergoing groin surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to receive ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (I-I) nerve blocks using 0.25% plain bupivicaine (0.5 ml·kg^?1) performed either percutaneously by the anaesthetist after the induction of general anaesthesia, before surgery commenced, or intraoperatively, under direct vision, by the surgeon. Analgesia was assessed by pain scoring in the recovery room and at hourly intervals for eight h postoperatively. Analgesic requirement was also noted. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no difference in pain score between groups treated either by anaesthetist or surgeon. However, children under two years of age had significantly higher pain scores than those over two.     

超声引导下神经阻滞技术用于患儿腹部手术后镇痛的进展

区域神经阻滞是多模式镇痛的基础方案。与静脉镇痛比较,区域神经阻滞具有更强的针对性和有效性,神经阻滞麻醉镇痛可有效减少阿片类药物使用带来的不良反应。联合应用超声引导技术,能够提高神经阻滞的安全性和精确性。患儿腹部神经阻滞解剖结构以及局麻药物扩散途径、临床应用以及并发症的报道较少,药物浓度与剂量缺乏统一标准,需要进一步的临床研究。本文分别从患儿腰方肌阻滞（QLB）、腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）、腹直肌鞘阻滞（RSB）、竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）和椎旁阻滞（PVB）的局麻药物扩散途径、浓度剂量、临床应用及相关并发症等方面进行综述,以期为患儿术后镇痛提供参考。     

肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞对胆道手术患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察全麻复合肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞与单纯全麻对胆道手术患者术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期行胆道手术患者70例,随机分为全麻复合超声引导肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞组(联合组35例)和全麻组35例.术后在恢复室给予静脉吗啡滴定至镇痛评分(VAS)≤3分后接静脉吗啡自控镇痛泵.记录术后VAS评分、镇静评分(Ramsay)、吗啡滴定用量、术后24h镇痛泵内吗啡总用量、不良反应及术后镇痛患者满意度.结果 联合组吗啡滴定量及术后24 h镇痛泵内吗啡总用量少于全麻组(P<0.01).患者术后12 h内VAS评分低于全麻组(P<0.05).联合组麻醉总体满意度高于全麻组(P<0.01).结论 胆道手术患者行超声引导肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞可减少吗啡用量,降低术后疼痛,提高麻醉总体满意度.     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对腰椎后路手术全麻效果及术后恢复的影响

目的探讨超声引导下竖脊肌平面(erector spine plane,ESP)阻滞在腰椎后路手术中的应用效果。方法选择全麻下行腰椎两个节段以内手术的患者60例,男29例,女31例,年龄18～70岁,BMI 20～27kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:ESP阻滞联合PCIA组(EP组)和PCIA组(P组)。两组均采用静-吸复合麻醉,术毕均使用PCIA,EP组在麻醉诱导前于俯卧位下行ESP阻滞。记录术中血流动力学不稳定次数;记录阿片类药物和肌松药使用量;记录术后48h以内按压次数和补救性镇痛给药次数;记录住院时间、首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间;记录术后48h以内恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 EP组术中血流动力学不稳定次数明显少于P组(P0.05);EP组的瑞芬太尼用量、顺式阿曲库铵维持剂量、顺式阿曲库铵使用总量均明显少于P组(P0.01);EP组按压次数和补救性镇痛帕瑞昔布钠给药次数明显少于P组(P0.05);EP组住院时间、术后首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间明显短于P组(P0.05);两组术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论全麻复合超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞可以维持腰椎后路手术更平稳,有利于术后早期恢复。     

超声引导下下颌神经联合颈浅丛神经阻滞用于腮腺手术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨超声引导下下颌神经联合颈浅丛神经阻滞用于腮腺手术后镇痛的效果。方法选择腮腺手术患者60例,男29例,女31例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为神经阻滞组和药物治疗组,每组30例。两组患者均采用全麻,药物治疗组根据术后需要,使用吗啡进行术后镇痛;神经阻滞组在手术结束后行超声引导下下颌神经合并颈浅丛神经阻滞。记录两组患者术后24h和48h吗啡使用量、运动以及静息VAS评分,以及术后同一时点吗啡使用比例。结果术后第1天神经阻滞组VAS评分均明显低于、吗啡使用量明显少于药物治疗组(P0.05)。术后第2天,两组运动以及静息VAS评分差异无统计学意义。神经阻滞组术后同一时点吗啡使用比例明显小于药物治疗组。结论超声引导下下颌神经合并颈丛浅丛神经阻滞可以为腮腺手术提供术后镇痛,满足患者要求。     

Intra-articular magnesium is effective for postoperative analgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery

Background. Several medications are commonly injected intra-articularlyfor postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery.Among the potentially efficient substances, magnesium couldbe of particular interest through its NMDA-receptor blockingproperties. Methods. A total of 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic kneesurgery were randomly and double-blindly assigned to two groupsto receive intra-articular injection of either 10 ml of magnesiumsulphate (MgSO₄) (50 mg ml^–1) (Group M) or 10 ml of normalsaline (Group C). Analgesic effect was evaluated by measuringpain intensity (visual analogue scale; VAS) 1, 2, 6, 8, 12,18 and 24 h after operation and the time delay between MgSO₄or saline administration and the first requirement of supplementaryanalgesic medication by the patient (diclofenac). Results. Intra-articular magnesium administration resulted ina significant reduction in pain scores in Group M compared withGroup C 1, 2, 6 and 8 h after the end of surgery [1.7 (0.59),2.2 (0.69), 2.8 (1.01) and 3.5 (1.10) in Group M; 8.0 (1.25),5.9 (1.12), 4.4 (0.67) and 4.5 (1.13) in Group C, respectively].A longer delay between intra-articular injection of the studymedication and first administration of diclofenac was observedin Group M [667 (198) min] as compared with Group C [49 (13)min]. Total diclofenac consumption was significantly lower inGroup M [37.5 (38.14) mg] than in Group C [117.5 (46.95) mg].No early side-effects were noted. Conclusion. Intra-articular magnesium is effective for postoperativeanalgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery.      

前锯肌平面阻滞对心肺转流下胸腔镜心脏手术患者应激反应和术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对心肺转流(CPB)下胸腔镜心脏手术患者应激反应和术后镇痛的影响。方法 选择2018年1月至2019年3月行CPB下胸腔镜心脏手术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅢ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组：SAPB组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组20例。S组于麻醉诱导前行超声引导下SAPB,在前锯肌表面缓慢注射0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml, 30 min后测定阻滞效果,满意后实施全凭静脉麻醉。C组不做处理。两组采用相同的全凭静脉麻醉方法,术毕均行静脉自控镇痛。分别于麻醉诱导前(T₁)、CPB前(T₂)、CPB结束时(T₃)、手术结束时(T₄)、手术结束后24 h(T₅)抽取静脉血,测血浆皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、血糖(Glu)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的浓度。记录术中及术后24 h舒芬太尼的用量、苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、心胸外科重症监护室...     

椎板后路阻滞对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的观察椎板后路阻滞(retrolaminar block, RLB)对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛效果及术后早期恢复的影响。方法腹腔镜肾切除术患者60例,男31例,女29例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例:RLB组(R组)与局部浸润组(L组)。R组于全麻诱导后在超声引导下于术侧行RLB,L组于手术结束时行局部浸润麻醉,两组局麻药皆采用0.4%罗哌卡因30 ml。两组术中均行静-吸复合麻醉,术后行舒芬太尼PCIA。记录术后拔管时间、PACU停留时间、镇痛泵有效按压次数和首次下床活动时间。结果 L组拔管时间、PACU停留时间明显长于R组(P0.05),术后24、48 h L组镇痛泵有效按压次数明显多于R组(P0.05),首次下床活动时间明显长于R组(P0.05)。结论与局部浸润比较,椎板后路阻滞可为腹腔镜肾切除术患者提供有效术后镇痛,并有利于术后恢复。     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞对剖宫产术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞对剖宫产术产妇术后镇痛效果的影响。方法择期于腰-硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇80例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组:腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和对照组(C组)。T组于术毕行超声引导双侧TAP阻滞,每侧注射0.5%罗哌卡因20ml,C组不阻滞;两组均行PCIA,于术后2、4、6、8、24h时行静息、运动时VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分及BCS舒适度评分。记录术后24h内PCIA中舒芬太尼用量;记录产妇满意度及不良反应的发生情况;计算术后24h内PCIA有效按压次数与实际按压次数比(D1/D2)。结果与C组比较,术后2、4、6hT组静息及运动时VAS评分明显降低,BCS舒适度评分明显升高(P0.05)。T组术后24h内PCIA中舒芬太尼用量明显少于C组(P0.05),D1/D2及产妇满意度明显高于C组(P0.05)。两组均未发生恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、胸闷等不良反应。结论超声引导TAP阻滞减少了产妇在剖宫产术后阿片类镇痛药的使用量,增强了术后镇痛效果,提高了产妇的舒适度和满意度。     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞联合静脉镇痛用于肝叶切除术患者的效果

目的观察超声引导下单次竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)联合静脉镇痛用于肝叶切除术患者的效果。方法择期肝叶切除术患者90例,男63例,女27例,年龄30～65岁,BMI 20～29 kg/m~2, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为三组:单次ESPB联合静脉镇痛组(EP组)、硬膜外镇痛组(EA组)、单纯自控静脉镇痛组(IA组),每组30例。三组患者均采用全身麻醉。EP组于麻醉诱导前行0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml+地塞米松5 mg单次ESPB。EA组患者于麻醉诱导前行T_(10～11)间隙穿刺置入硬膜外导管,术毕硬膜外镇痛。EP组和IA组术毕使用静脉镇痛泵。记录ESPB的阻滞平面和术后2、6、12、24和48 h的静息和咳嗽时VAS评分;记录镇痛泵按压次数、追加曲马多例数;记录皮肤瘙痒、恶心呕吐、尿潴留、胸闷等不良反应发生情况和ESPB相关并发症;记录患者对术后镇痛的满意度评分。结果 EP组痛觉阻滞范围,T_5—T_(12)脊神经支配区域16例,T_4—T_(11)脊神经支配区域11例,T_6—L_1脊神经支配区域3例。术后2、6、12、24和48 h EP组和EA组静息和咳嗽时VAS评分明显低于IA组(P0.05)。EP组和EA组镇痛泵按压次数和追加曲马多例数明显少于IA组(P0.05)。三组均未出现呼吸抑制不良反应。EP组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于IA组(P0.05),EA组皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留发生率明显高于IA组(P0.05)。EP组和EA组患者对术后镇痛效果的总体满意度评分明显高于IA组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞联合患者自控静脉镇痛技术用于肝叶切除术后镇痛能够获得硬膜外镇痛的效果,且不良反应发生率低,患者满意度更高。     

Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome

Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 47–61     

超声引导下区域神经阻滞在经皮肾镜碎石术后镇痛的研究进展

接受经皮肾镜碎石术的患者通常伴有中至重度的术后疼痛。超声引导下区域神经阻滞是一种安全有效的镇痛策略,在经皮肾镜碎石术中展现出了良好的应用前景,能够促进早期活动,加速术后康复。近年来,不同的区域神经阻滞方法相继报道,为经皮肾镜碎石术后疼痛控制提供了更多选择。本文就经皮肾镜碎石术后疼痛来源、不同神经阻滞的操作方法、应用效果和局限性进行综述,为临床应用提供参考。     

Clinical evaluation of post-operative analgesia comparing suprascapular nerve block and interscalene brachial plexus block in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery

BackgroundShoulder arthroscopic surgeries have a high incidence of severe post-operative pain significant enough to interfere with recovery and rehabilitation. A regional anaesthetic technique combined with general anaesthesia reduces intra-operative requirements of anaesthesia and provides a better post-operative pain relief. As the commonly employed technique of interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is associated with potential serious complications, suprascapular nerve block (SSB) can be used as a safer alternative.Methods and materialIn this prospective study, 60 ASA 1 or 2 adult patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery were randomised into two groups – ISB and SSB. In group ISB, ISB with 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine mixed with 75 μg clonidine was given. In the SSB group SSB was given with 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 75 μg clonidine. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale and verbal pain scale scores and time to first rescue analgesia was noted. We used Student's t test and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test and used a statistical software to compare data.ResultsIn the present study, the mean duration of analgesia was 2.53 ± 2.26 h in SSB group compared to 7.23 ± 6.83 h in group ISB (p value < 0.05). Overall rescue analgesic requirements were higher in SSB group compared to ISB group (63.3% versus 40.0%) but this was statistically not significant (p value > 0.05).ConclusionBoth interscalene and SSB can be used to provide intra-operative and post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy.     

超声引导下区域神经阻滞用于腹腔镜减重手术后镇痛的研究进展

接受减重手术的患者术后中重度疼痛发生率较高,而术后大剂量阿片类药物的应用易引起呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐等不良反应。以超声引导下区域神经阻滞为基础的多模式镇痛在减重手术的疼痛管理中逐渐展现出突出的优势,能够有效减少阿片类药物用量,降低术后并发症发生率,提高术后恢复质量。近年来,不同的区域神经阻滞方法在减重手术中的应用相继报道。本文就腹腔镜减重手术后疼痛特点、不同神经阻滞技术的应用及效果和局限性进行综述,为临床应用提供参考。     

胸椎旁神经阻滞对开胸手术患者静脉镇痛效果的影响

目的 研究胸椎旁神经阻滞对开胸于术后静脉镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期全麻下肺叶切除术的患者102例,随机分成二三组:Ⅰ组,32例,单纯全麻;Ⅱ组,36例,于全麻诱导后行胸椎旁神经阻滞;Ⅲ组,34例.于全麻诱导前行硬膜外阻滞.三组均于术毕缝皮时启动患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)泵行芬太尼、氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛,分别于患者清醒拔除气管导管后即刻(T1)、术后24 h(T2)、48 h(T3)进行视觉模拟评分(VAS),记录启动自控按钮次数及背景输注总量.结果 三组24、48 h PCIA泵的背景输注总晕差异无统计学意义.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在T1、T2时的VAS均低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),术后48 h内启动自控按钮次数明显少于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).结论 在开胸手术前行胸椎旁神经阻滞或硬膜外阻滞可以增强芬太尼、氟比洛芬酯的静脉镇痛效果.