藻酸双酯钠对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织单胺类递质含量的影响

目的:观察藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠大脑皮层、纹状体单胺类递质含量的影响.方法:大鼠60只,随机分为6组,每组10只.除假手术组,余5组(分别为阳性对照组、模型对照组和PSS大、中、小剂量组)均以线栓法制作急性大鼠中动脉脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.栓塞前30 min,PSS大、中、小剂量组及阳性对照组分别腹腔注射PSS 10 mg/kg、5 mg/kg和2.5 mg/kg及尼莫地平3 mg/kg,缺血1 h再灌注4 h后进行神经病学评分.另取大鼠60只,分组及处理方法同上,各组大鼠缺血2 h再灌注1 h后断头取脑,分离大脑皮层、纹状体,用荧光分光光度计测定5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)及去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量.结果:模型对照组大鼠出现神经运动功能障碍,PSS大、中、小剂量组及阳性对照组大鼠神经运动功能障碍均明显改善,PSS各剂量组间差异无统计学意义.与假手术组相比,模型对照组皮层及纹状体5-HT、DA、NE含量降低(P＜0.01).与模型对照组相比,PSS大、中、小剂量组及阳性对照组各单胺类递质含量均升高(P＜0.05).结论:PSS对缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用与其改善单胺类递质的代谢紊乱有关.     

大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性缺血再灌注单胺类递质的变化

目的 :观察大鼠大脑中动脉 (MCA)局灶性缺血再灌注期间脑内单胺类递质的变化。方法 :Wistar大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为 :①正常组 ,②假手术组 ,③缺血 1h组 ,④缺血 2h组 ,⑤缺血 2h再灌 1h组 ,⑥缺血 2h再灌 2h组。采用线栓法制作大鼠MCA局灶性缺血再灌注模型 ,用荧光分光光度计测定大脑皮层和纹状体多巴胺 (DA)、去甲肾上腺素 (NE)、5 -羟色胺 (5 -HT)含量。结果 :与②组比较 ,③组大脑皮层和纹状体DA含量明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;④、⑤组大脑皮层和纹状体DA、NE、5 -HT含量均显著降低 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;⑥组DA、NE、5 -HT含量与②组相比差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :MCA缺血再灌注时 ,大鼠大脑皮层和纹状体DA、NE、5 -HT含量显著降低 ,降低程度与缺血时间长短有关 ,其中DA降低较明显。提示DA、NE、5 -HT参与局灶性缺血再灌注的病理生理过程     

宁心解郁胶囊对慢性抑郁大鼠大脑皮质单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的影响

目的 观察宁心解郁胶囊对慢性抑郁大鼠大脑皮质单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的影响.方法 以慢性不可预见性的刺激配合孤养,制备慢性综合应激法抑郁大鼠模型,造模成功的大鼠按随机数字表分为模型组、宁心解郁胶囊高剂量组[10.8mg/（kg·d）]、宁心解郁胶囊中剂量组[3.6 mg/（kg·d）]、宁心解郁胶囊低剂量组[1.2 mg/（kg·d）]、盐酸帕罗西汀组[3.6 mg/（kg·d）].采用HPLC-ECD系统测定各个实验组大鼠大脑皮质中单胺类神经递质,去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）及其主要代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）、高香草酸（HVA）的表达含量.结果 与空白组相比,模型组NE、DA、5-HT含量显著下降,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.与模型组相比,宁心解郁各剂量组的DA含量均升高;低剂量和高剂量组的5-HT含量升高[分别为（272.15± 129.89） ng/g,（445.08±127.56）ng/g,（375.33±52.38） ng/g];低剂量组和中剂量组的NE含量升高[（408.08±89.55） ng/g,（530.12± 149.87）ng/g,（542.53±96.10） ng/g],中剂量和高剂量组的HVA含量升高,低剂量组的DOPAC含量升高;盐酸帕罗西汀组的5-HT、DA、NE含量升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.结论 宁心解郁胶囊具有抗抑郁作用,其抗抑郁的作用机制与可调节大脑皮层的单胺类神经递质的含量及其代谢产物有关.     

黄芪对应激大鼠生长和脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响

目的〓〖HTK〗探讨黄芪对慢性应激大鼠生长和脑单胺类神经递质的影响。〖HTW〗方法〓〖HTK〗将15只大鼠分为对照组、应激组和黄芪组。应激组和黄芪组均接受7d的应激刺激，黄芪组再用黄芪灌胃 (0.159g/d)10d，取3组大鼠的脑组织，用高效液相色谱法测定高香草酸（HVA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量。〖HTW〗结果〓〖HTK〗应激组大鼠日增重明显低于对照组,黄芪组大鼠日增重明显高于应激组。应激组大鼠海马、纹状体和前额叶中HVA、NE、 DA和5-HT与对照组间差异无统计学意义。黄芪组大鼠纹状体中DA含量明显高于应激组，前额叶中DA明显低于应激组。〖HTW〗结论〓〖HTK〗黄芪对慢性应激引起的大鼠生长受抑有缓解作用，对其脑内单胺类神经递质有部分调节作用。     

四逆散对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学及神经递质的影响

目的观察四逆散对抑郁模型大鼠行为学及神经递质（5-HT、NE、DA）含量的影响。方法采用慢性轻度不可预见性应激制备大鼠抑郁模型,50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、盐酸文拉法辛（12.5 mg/kg）组、四逆散（10,5 g/kg）组。连续灌胃给药3周,糖水偏爱实验和open-field实验测定动物行为学,利用荧光分光光度法检测下丘脑中的5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）的含量,探讨四逆散的抗抑郁作用及机制。结果与正常组相比,模型组大鼠体质量、蔗糖水偏嗜度、open-field实验得分明显偏低,下丘脑中5-HT、NE和DA的含量低于正常组;与模型组相比,四逆散（10,5 g/kg）组大鼠体质量、蔗糖水偏嗜度、openfield实验得分明显增加,下丘脑中神经递质（5-HT、NE和DA）的含量明显偏高。结论四逆散可明显改善抑郁模型大鼠的抑郁状态,表现出抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与调节下丘脑神经递质含量有关。     

脾虚大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质含量及四君子汤干预的研究

目的 研究脾虚大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质含量的变化和四君子汤干预的途径.方法 将60只大鼠分为空白对照组、脾虚组、四君子汤组,每组各20只,使用高效液相检测大鼠纹状体中5-HT、DA、5-HIAA、DOPAC和HVA的含量.结果 与对照组比较,脾虚组大鼠纹状体内5-HT(2.25±0.78)ng/mg水平显著升高,DA(26.06±9.01)ng/mg水平显著下降(P<0.01);脾虚大鼠使用四君子汤干预后,纹状体内5-HT(1.86±0.53)ng/mg和DA(38.95±10.86)ng/mg水平基本恢复正常,与对照组差异无显著性,而DA水平与脾虚组大鼠差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 脾虚证大鼠纹状体中的单胺类神经递质的含量异常,脾虚证存在有中枢机制,健脾名方四君子汤可以调节脾虚大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质含量.     

异丙酚预处理对大鼠脑缺血损伤不同脑区单胺类神经递质的影响

目的观察异丙酚预处理对大鼠大脑皮层、海马及纹状体区单胺类神经递质中NE，DA的影响。方法健康Wistar大鼠24只，共分3粗：假手术组、缺血模型组和异丙酚预处理组。采用结扎双侧颈总动脉合并血压下降法造成大鼠短暂性脑缺血损伤模型，缺血30min后大鼠断头处死分离各脑区，荧光分光光度计测定各组不同脑区NE，DA的含量。结果与对照组相比，缺血模型组在大脑皮层区DA的含量增加而NE的含量没有改变；在海马区NE，DA的含量均增加；在纹状体区DA的含量增加而NE的含量没有改变，异丙酚预处理组可降低皮层区DA含量的增加及海马区NE含量的增加。结论异丙酚预处理对短暂性大鼠脑缺血损伤保护作用显著，对脑内不同脑区NE，DA的改变有一定的脑区特异性及受体选择性。     

黄连对甲亢大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质含量的影响

本文以龙胆草为对照，观察了黄连对甲亢大鼠中枢单胺类神经递质含量的影响。结果表明：(1)甲亢大鼠下丘脑、垂体和纹状体NE．DA、5-HT及5-HIAA含量均显著低于正常对照组，而HVA高于正常对照组；(2）泻心火药黄连可显著增高甲亢大鼠下降的下丘脑、垂体和纹状体NE、DA、5-HT及5-HIAA含量，使HVA下降；(3)泻肝火药龙胆草可使甲亢大鼠下丘脑、纹状体NE和纹状体5-HT含量显著增高，使HVA下降：(4）与龙胆草相比，黄连有较强的作用。     

正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的预防作用及对神经递质的影响研究

目的研究正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的预防作用及对脑组织中单胺类神经递质的影响。方法实验大鼠分为4组:正常组(等量生理盐水);模型组(等量生理盐水);正天丸组(16.8 mg/kg);西比灵治疗组(1 mg/kg)。各组分别给药5 d后,皮下注射硝酸甘油复制偏头痛大鼠模型,观察其耳红情况、挠头次数等行为学指标后,采用高效液相法测定各组大鼠脑组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)的含量。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠出现耳红,挠头和甩头次数增多,5-HT、NE、DA的含量降低(P<0.05);经正天丸预防给药后,偏头痛模型大鼠耳红程度减轻,耳红的持续时间缩短,挠头、甩头次数减少,大鼠脑组织中5-HT、DA及NE的含量有所增加,与模型组比较有统计学意义。结论正天丸能明显改善大鼠偏头痛发作,这种作用可能与调节机体单胺类神经递质5-HT、NE和DA的释放有关。     

菖欢1号对大鼠抑郁症模型脑内单胺类神经递质的影响

目的：研究抑郁症模型大鼠下丘脑,海马,纹状体和大脑皮层等不同分区单胺类神经递质的含量测定结果和中药制剂菖1号对其含量的影响。方法：采取测定抑郁症模型大鼠脑内不同分区单胺类神经递质含量,比较菖欢1号治疗组与阿米替林组,模型组的含量,以探求菖1号治疗抑郁性神经症的机理,结果：抑郁症模型大鼠下丘脑,海马,纹状体,大脑皮层单胺类神经递质含量降低,其代谢率升高,而菖欢1号对报郁症模型大鼠能升高下丘脑,海马NE,纹状体,大脑皮层DA含量并降低其代谢率,从而为该药治疗抑郁性神经症提供了药理学依据。结论：菖1号主要作用于儿茶酚胺类神经递质,其治疗作用可能与升高下丘脑,海马NE,纹状体,大脑皮层DA含量并降低其代谢率有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.