肇庆市暗娼人群STD／AIDS相关知识及求医行为调查

目的了解肇庆市暗娼对STD／AIDS相关知识的掌握程度及求医行为,为在暗娼人群中开展有针对性的STD／AIDS防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用面对面问卷调查的方式,对肇庆市娱乐场所346名暗娼人员STI）／AIDS相关知识及求医行为进行调查。结果肇庆市暗娼人群对STD／AIDS基本知识及安全套使用知识总体知晓率分剐为74．3％、75t0％,全部答对率分别为36．1％、26．3％;正确就医比例为87．3％;获取STD／AIDS知识来源主要通过书报杂志（55．O％）、电视或广播（54．3％）等大众传播媒介。结论暗娼人群STD／AIDS相关知识有待提高,暗娼人员的STD,址DS防治知识宣传教育工作仍需要进一步加强。     

临沂市医务人员艾滋病相关知识态度调查

目的了解临沂市医务人员艾滋病（AJDs）相关知识、态度及培训需求状况。方法利用分层抽样的方法，对临沂市部分医院的1292名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果临沂市1292名医务人员的艾滋病相关知识水平整体较高，但对AIDS诊断治疗及职业防护方面的知识掌握相对较差。39．7％的医务人员既往接受过AIDS专门培训，30％的医务人员有接受AIDS相关知识培训需求和意愿。大多数医务人员对艾滋病病毒（mv）／AJDs患者持同情和理解态度，但仍然有一定比例的医务人员持恐惧和回避态度。91．3％医务人员表示“HIV感染者和AIDS病人应该和其他病人享有同等医疗服务”，但49．2％医务人员表示“不愿意”去治疗HIV感染者和AIDS病人的医院或科室工作。80％医务人员对“职业感染HIV很担心和有些担心”；有52．7％的医务人员认为自己有“职业感染HIV的危险”。结论临沂市医务人员的AIDS相关知识有待提高，应开展针对性的AIDS防治知识的专门培训；大多数医务人员对HIV／AIDS患者持不歧视态度。但存在有恐惧和对职业暴露感染HIV风险的担忧。     

基层计划生育人员AIDS／STD相关知识、技能及服务意愿调查

用邮寄问卷的方式,对安徽省合肥市不同级别的计划生育服务机构的服务人员进行了AIDS／STD相关知识,技能以及服务意愿的调查。结果发现,基层计划生育服务人员具有一定的AIDS／STD知识和开展预防服务的技能,并且具有开展AIDS／STD预防服务的意愿,结果提示,基层计划生育服务人员是预防AIDS／STD的重要人力资源,对其进行AIDS／STD知识／技能的专门培训,对控制AIDS／STD在妇女人群中流行和减少母婴传播方面都能起到积极的作用。     

农民工对艾滋病／性病相关知识知晓率的调查分析

目的 了解农民工对艾滋病，性病（AIDS／STD）相关知识的知晓情况和对艾滋病，性病的态度、行为现状，为有效地在城市农民工中开展艾滋病，性病健康教育提供依据。方法 自行设计问卷对本区某建筑工地农民工253人进行了AIDS／STD相关知识的问卷调查。采用SPSSll．5软件对农民工LAIDS／STD相关知识、态度和行为进行分析。结果 农民工对AIDS／STD相关知识的知晓率有待提高，负性态度（除正确态度以外的部分）仍然存在较大比例。在个人行为方面，虽然60．0％的人表示愿意使用安全套，但仍有31．4％的人从未使用过安全套，且只有54．5％的人相信正确使用安全套可以预防艾滋病。结论 农民工对AIDS／STD虽有一定的认识，但存在一些误区，应将性活跃期的男性、文化程度和收入较低的农民工作为AIDS/STD健康教育的重点人群。     

娱乐场所女性服务员性病／艾滋病传播风险研究

目的了解娱乐场所女性服务员性病／艾滋病（STD／AIDS）感染、艾滋病知识知晓及安全套使用情况,为干预和控制性病、艾滋病的蔓延提供依据。方法对在美容美发店、宾馆、浴城等娱乐场所从事卖淫活动的女性服务人员进行体检、STD／AIDS检测、艾滋病知识知晓及安全套使用情况调查。结果娱乐场所女性服务人员中,STD检出率为38．31％,未检出HIV阳性者;艾滋病知识知晓率为67．40％;娱乐场所女性服务员以未婚低龄为主,文化程度低。结论娱乐场所女性服务员是性病／艾滋病传播高风险人群,在娱乐场所女性服务人群中开展性病艾滋病基本预防知识的宣传教育,推广安全套的使用,对控制STD／AIDS的传播蔓延有十分重要意义。     

艾滋病／性病预防与计划生育服务相结合的评价研究

1．研究背景：在艾滋病／性病流行的当今时期，利用现有的卫生资源进行AIDS／STD预防已成世界各国制定AIDS／STD预防策略时所关注的问题之一。非洲一些发展中国家将AIDS／STD预防与现存的计划生育服务结合，对促进妇女生殖健康、控制AIDS／STD在妇女人群中流行产生了积极的效果。本次研究旨在探索将AIDS／STD预防与中国基层的计划生育服务相结合的可行性，建立适合中国国情的结合服务方案，评价结合服务的效果，为国家制定控制AIDS／STD预防策略提供决策依据。     

吉林省四平市市区医务人员和居民AIDS知识调查

目的了解四平市市区基层医务人员和居民AIDS知识水平。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，对四平市市区医务人员137名和社区居民102名进行问卷调查。结果基层医务人员对AIDS基础知识较为熟悉，对AIDS的病原体、传染源、传播途径、成年高危人群、主要并发症和目前防治AIDS的最佳途径等回答正确率超过80％，但对确诊依据、临床分期等专业问题回答正确率偏低；多数社区居民对艾滋病能否治愈、能否结婚、女性艾滋病患者能否妊娠、与艾滋病患者一起学习和工作是否会感染等问题的认识存在偏差。结论尽快提高基层医务人员和社会公众的艾滋病防治知识水平，广泛宣传艾滋病防治科普知识是遏制艾滋病发病率上升的重要环节。     

健康教育干预对女性劳教人员STD/AIDS知信行的影响

目的：了解深圳市宝安区妇女教养人员关于性传播疾病艾滋病(STD／AIDS)的知识、态度、信念和行为现状，探索行之有效的健康教育和行为干预的方法。方法：对深圳市某收容所2002年5～9月收容教养的500名妇女教养人员进行基线调查和干预后调查，收集并分析所获取的各项数据资料。结果：妇女教养人员以青年、初中以下文化、未婚为主，对STD／AIDS知识有一定的了解，约50％使用安全套，但获取安全套不方便。结论：预防妇女教养人员感染STD／AIDS具有十分重要的社会意义。     

长治市个体医生STD/AIDS培训需求调查

目的：了解长治市区个体医生性病艾滋病知识、性病诊疗服务及培训需求,探讨开展个体医生STD／AIDS培训措施。方法：采取观察医生、访谈患者、匿名问卷调查方法对市区内有行医执照的个体门诊医生以及到个体门诊就诊者进行调查。结果：86％的个体医生未受过STD／AIDS培训,STD／AIDS专业知识测试水平较差,90％的个体医生表示愿意接受STD／AIDS专业知识培训,60％的医生希望通过学术讲座的方法接受培训。结论：应加强对合法个体医生的STD／AIDS专业培训及监督管理,规范他们的性病服务,改善公立医院的就诊环境及服务态度,吸引患者到正规医院规范就医。     

医务人员HIV/AIDS职业态度认知现状分析与对策

目的了解我省黔北地区医务人员HIV／AIDS职业态度的认知情况，探讨提高医务人员HIV／AIDS职业认知的有效方法。方法采用无记名问卷调查方式，对黔北地区12所县级以上医院的289名医务人员HIV／AIDS相关知识的掌握、个人培训经历和护理此类病人的心理反应3个方面进行调查。结果本次调查结果示具有恐惧心理的医务人员所占比例较大，且不同职称医务人员恐惧心理比较有差异（P〈0．05），不同学历恐惧心理比较也有差异（P〈0．05）；本科及本科以上学历医务人员的职业认知优于本科以下学历医务人员（P〈0．05），高级职称与初中级职称医务人员的职业认知比较也有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；按工龄长短对医务人员掌握职业防护知识程度进行自我评价比较有差异（P〈0．05），较高学历与较低学历医务人员自我评价掌握职业防护知识的程度比较也有差异（P〈0．05）。结论加强医务人员HIV／AIDS的职业态度教育和专业技能培训，采用积极有效的心理辅导是提高医务人员良好职业认知的有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.