红花黄色素对犬心肌缺血及血流动力学的影响

目的：观察红花黄色素对犬急性心肌缺血以及血流动力学的影响。方法采用犬冠状动脉结扎心肌缺血动物模型,注射给予红花黄色素,观察其对心肌缺血程度、心肌缺血范围及心肌缺血梗死程度的影响,对血清肌酸激酶及血清乳酸脱氢酶的影响及对血流动力学的影响。结果红花黄色素能减轻心肌缺血程度,降低血清肌酸激酶及乳酸脱氢酶。增加冠脉流量,增加心输出量,对心肌耗氧量无明显影响。结论红花黄色素对犬心肌缺血梗塞具有明显的改善作用。     

Allylamine cardiovascular toxicity: VI. Subcellular distribution in rat aortas

The cardiovascular toxin allylamine (3-aminopropene) has been shown to concentrate in elastic and muscular tissues. In this study the 14C-moiety of [14C]allylamine was traced in aortas of adult Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenously injecting 30 microCi of [14C]allylamine (spec. act. = 0.4 mCi/mM). At 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after injection 33.3-29.8% of the 14C-moiety was sequestered in aortas; at 30 min 16.8% was still present. Subcellular fractionation of the postnuclear supernatant by isopycinic centrifugation in sucrose demonstrated that 5 min after administration of [14C]allylamine, the 14C-moiety displayed a modal density peak of 1.20 g/ml. Similar activities were observed up to 30 min exposure. This modal density was similar to the distribution pattern of mitochondria based on analysis of malate dehydrogenase activities. As early as 20 min post-exposure, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activities of aortic mitochondria decreased, while cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activities increased, suggesting mitochondrial membrane perturbation. We suggest that the subcellular site for allylamine injury to the aorta is the mitochondrion.     

Subcellular distribution of [3H]amphetamine and [3H]guanethidine and their interaction with adrenergic neurons

The subcellular distribution of [³H]amphetamine and [³H]guanethidine and their interaction with each other and with noradrenaline binding sites have been examined. The ratio p/(p + s) × 100, an indication of affinity for noradrenaline storage particles, for [³H]amphetamine and [³H]guanethidine was 12% and 57% respectively. Protriptyline, a substance which inhibits amine transport mechanism at the level of the cell membrane, i.e. the membrane pump, and reserpine, an agent which impairs incorporation of amines into the storage particles in the adrenergic nerve fibre, inhibited the uptake and storage respectively, of [³H]guanethidine more than that of [³H]amphetamine. Retention of [³H]guanethidine by rat salivary glands was markedly decreased by sympathetic denervation of the glands while that of [³H]amphetamine was not. The results suggest that guanethidine possesses a much higher affinity for noradrenaline binding sites than amphetamine.     

Sono Vue声学造影评价急性缺血和梗死心肌的实验研究

目的采用氟硫微泡声学造影剂SonoVue及间歇二次谐波技术,探讨经静脉心肌声学造影(MCE)评价急性缺血及心梗心肌微循环灌注的价值。方法建立猪急性心肌梗死动物模型。分别于左冠前降支(LAD)结扎前、结扎后3h经静脉注射SonoVue进行MCE。于左室短轴乳头肌水平测定LAD结扎后正常灌注区与缺血灌注区心肌视频密度峰值强度(PI)、曲线下面积(AUC)及无灌注区心肌范围。实验结束对心肌行组织学染色,比较MCE及组织染色两方法所测得的左室梗死心肌面积占左室心肌总面积百分比。结果正常灌注区与缺血灌注区PI、AUC差异有显著性(88.27±8.57vs48.26±4.36;1392.80±198.01vs646.68±55.86,P<0.001)。MCE与组织染色两方法所测得的左室梗死心肌面积占左室心肌总面积百分比呈明显正相关(r=0.85,P<0.05)结论经静脉注射SonoVue,运用间歇二次谐波MCE可定量心肌微循环血流灌注,诊断心肌缺血,准确确定心肌梗死范围。     

糖尿病患者心肌缺血的动态心电图分析

目的 通过本文探讨糖尿病患者心肌缺血时动态心电图改变的特点。方法 对96例糖尿病患者心肌缺血的动态心电图各项指标进行综合分析并与96例非糖尿病患者心肌缺血的动态心电图比较。结果 发现糖尿病患者无症状性心肌缺血明显增多,心肌缺血阈值(IT)明显下降,且随病程的延长,心肌缺血昼夜发生率趋于相等,HRV明显下降。结论 糖尿病患者由于植物神经受损,心肌病变重,而临床表现轻,病程规律发生改变,以致造成对病情的忽视而致病情恶化或猝死,临床医师必须高度重视。     

延胡索乙素对大鼠实验性心肌缺血的保护作用

目的 研究延胡乙素（dl-THP)对大鼠实验性心肌缺血的保护作用。方法 观察dl-THP对垂体后叶素（pit)所致大鼠心电图急性缺血性改变的预防作用以及对异丙肾上腺素（Iso)引起心肌损伤大鼠的保护作用。结果 dl-THP对垂体后叶素所致心电图改变有明显预防作用。能对抗Iso所致ECG的ST段升高。显著抑制心肌组织中磷酸肌激酶（CPK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放,降低血清CPK和LDH水平,保护心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,减少丙二醛（MDA）生成。结论 dl-THP对实验性心肌缺血有明显的保护作用。     

心肺运动试验在心肌缺血早期诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的 研究心肺运动试验(CPET)相关指标在心肌缺血患者诊断中的价值。方法 52例胸痛患者患者分别行CPET、99Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注显像检查及心脏彩色多普勒超声检查。根据心肌灌注显像检查结果分为心肌缺血组（30例）及非缺血组（22例）。比较2组患者的CPET相关指标如每千克体重峰摄氧量( VO2 peak/kg)、峰摄氧最(VO2 peak)、峰氧脉搏(VO2 peak/HR)、最大呼吸频率、氧斜率、呼吸储备、最大心率、心率储备和无氧阈、无氧阈时氧气通气当最、无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量、无氧阈时氧脉搏以及心脏彩色多普勒超声检查二尖瓣口血流舒张早期峰值速度(E)与舒张晚期峰值速度(A)的比值（E/A值）和左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果 2组患者之间年龄、性别、BMI、E/A值及EF值差异均无统计学意义。心肌缺血组与非缺血组比较、VO2 peak/kg[(27±6) ml/(kg·min)比(33±7)ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01],vO2 peak[(1.5±0.5) L/min比(2.1±0.5) L/min,P＜0.01]、VO2 peak/HR[(10.7±2.6) ml/次比(14.1±3.0)ml/次,P＜0.01]、最大心率[(143±15)次/min比(154±17)次/min,P＜0.05]和无氧阈[(16.4±3.0)ml/(kg·min)比(20.6±5.0)ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01]、无氧阈时氧脉搏[(9.0±1.8)ml/次比(11.3±2.3) ml/次,P＜0.01]均明显为低,差异具有统计学意义。结论 采用心肺运动试验检测心肌缺血患者的VO2 peak/kg、VO2 peak、VO2 peak/HR、无氧阚和无氧阈时氧脉搏等指标对早期发现心肌缺血具有一定价值。     

八味沉香散对大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用

目的观察八味沉香散对大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用。方法建立垂体后叶素（Nh）致急性心肌缺血及冠状动脉结扎致急性心肌梗死模型,采用心电图机测定八味沉香散对大鼠Ⅱ导联及胸V1导联心电图变化的影响。结果八味沉香散40、20g/L对Nh诱发大鼠心电图T波及ST段的抬高有明显降低作用,亦能明显改善冠状动脉结扎致心肌梗死不同时间点的缺血性心电图变化。结论八味沉香散对实验性心肌缺血大鼠心电图有明显改善作用。     

腺苷对心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的保护作用

目的观察腺苷对在体大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注（I／R）心律失常的影响，探讨其可能的作用机制。方法健康Wister大鼠36只，随机分成3组假手术组、对照组、腺苷组，每组12只。开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支30分钟，再灌注45分钟．制作大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注损伤模型。假手术组只穿线不结扎冠状动脉。腺苷组于结扎前1分钟给予腺W（0．4ml／kg）左心室内注入，对照组给予等量生理盐水左心室内注入。观察再灌注室性心动过速（VT）、室颤（VF）发生率和死亡率；检测左心室心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果①腺苷组大鼠再灌注VT及VF发生率及死亡率均较对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）；②与对照组比较，腺苷组大鼠SOD活力提高（P〈0．05），而MDA生成量明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论心肌缺血再灌注可导致缺血心肌进一步损伤，腺苷具有抗大鼠I／R心律失常作用，可能与抑制缺血再灌注氧自由基的产生有关。     

实验性兔心肌缺血心肌波纹状变与缺血预适应的初步研究

目的 探讨兔急性心肌缺血时心肌细胞波纹状变的病理学意义及其与缺血预适应的关系。方法 对健康家兔经静脉注入麦角新碱致其冠状动脉痉挛心肌缺血1小时和缺血后再灌注72小时，分别观察心肌缺血1小时和缺血再灌注的心肌组织病理学变化。结果 缺血1小时的兔心肌组织出现典型的有节律性的心肌纤维波纹状诙和收缩带形成，其超微结构变化主要为心线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂，肌节凝聚和松驰，I带缩窄和增宽，但心肌膜结构完整，缺血再灌注72小时的心肌组织变化不明显，近似正常心肌。结论 心肌波纹状变和收缩带形成是急性心肌缺血的早期形态学基础。实验证明6该变化是可逆的，提示该变化可能是心肌组织对缺血缺氧的一种功能性反应，并可能与缺血预适应有关。     

氯沙坦治疗心力衰竭对患者心肌氧耗及心肌缺血情况的影响

目的 探讨氯沙坦治疗心力衰竭对患者心肌氧耗及心肌缺血情况的影响.方法 78例心力衰竭患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组39例.对照组应用常规治疗,研究组应用氯沙坦治疗.对比两组患者治疗前后心肌耗氧量、心率、舒张压、收缩压、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水...     

荭草苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的影响

目的 荭草苷对心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤大鼠心律失常的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 采用SD大鼠70只随机等分为7组,分别为假手术组、模型组、0.9%生理盐水对照组(溶剂对照组)、荭草苷低、中、高(0.75、1.5、3.0 mg·kg-1)组、维拉帕米阳性对照组(3 mg·kg-1).给药20 min后复制大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型,缺血30 min再灌注40 min后测定心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,心电监测室性心动过速(VT)、室颤(VF)发生率及死亡率,记录再灌注10、20、40 min时ST段的变化值.结果 再灌注40 min后,荭草苷组较模型组超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、血清乳酸脱氢酶含量均有明显改善,荭草苷组较缺血再灌注对照组室性心动过速及室颤发生率及死亡率均有明显降低,心律失常持续时间,ST段的抬高程度也有明显降低.结论 荭草苷对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心律失常有明显的保护作用,其保护作用可能与抑制细胞膜的过氧化反应,清除氧自由基有关.     

冠心平对犬急性心肌缺血的保护作用

目的观察冠心平抗心肌缺血作用。方法采用犬左冠脉前降支第一分支下方2mm处结扎法制备心肌缺血模型，以复方丹参滴丸为阳性对照药，观察冠心平是否具有保护缺血心肌、减少心肌坏死面积、减少心肌酶CK、CK-MB、LDH释放量的作用。结果缺血心肌坏死面积明显减小，CK、CK-MB、LDH释放量明显减少。结论冠心平对犬急性心肌缺血具有显著保护作用。     

Effects of tilisolol on ischemic myocardial metabolism in dogs

The effects of tilisolol on ischemic myocardial energy and carbohydrate metabolism were examined, and compared with those of propranolol. Ischemia was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 3 or 30 min in anesthetized open-chest dogs, 5 min after saline, tilisolol (0.2 mg·kg⁻¹,i.v.), or proprnolol (1 mg·kg⁻¹, i.v.) injection. During ischemia, the myocardial energy stores were depleted, and the level of glycolytic intermediates were altered, associated with ST segment elevation and TQ segment depression of the epicardial electrocardiogram. Tilisolol prevented the myocardial energy depletion and alterations of carbohydrate metabolism caused by 3 min of ischemia, to the same extent as did propranolol. Even 30 min after ischemia, the prevention of these ischemic changes was sustained by tilisolol, but not by propranolol. Tilisolol briefly reduced the ST segment elevation and TQ segment depression induced by ischemia. These results suggest that the protective effects of tilisolol on the ischemic myocardium are more potent and long-lasting than those of propranolol.     

动态心电图对无痛性心肌缺血的评价

目的：探讨应用动态心电图（ Holter）评价无痛性心肌缺血的价值。方法对106例无胸痛主诉但存在冠心病危险因素的患者,进行Holter 检查,评价其心肌缺血总负荷值（TIB）,对 TIB≥60 mm·min^－1·24 h－1进行冠状动脉造影,行相关性分析。结果39（39／106）例TIB≥60 mm·min^－1·24 h^－1。对其中36（36／39）例进行了冠状动脉造影检查,31（31／36）例（86．1％）经造影确诊为冠心病,5（5／36）例（13．9％）造影无明显异常。冠脉病变的程度与TIB的大小呈正相关（r＝0．736,P＜0．01）。结论 TIB对心肌缺血的程度有一定的评定价值,对无痛性心肌缺血有一定检出率。     

抗精神病药物对心电图影响的相关因素分析

目的了解抗精神病药物的影响及相关因素。方法自行设计调查表,对我院358例住院治疗的精神病患者进行心电图调查。结果心电图改变以心肌缺血较常见,且与性别、年龄相关。结论抗精神病药物对心脏的副作用不可忽视,应用抗精神病药物时应定期监测心电图,尤其是女性患者。     

Subcellular distribution of [3H]-epsilon-aminocaproic acid and its effects on amine storage mechanisms

ε-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) is an amino-acid reported to cause almost complete depletion of cardiac noradrenaline stores. The present report indicates that this compound can be found in both the particulate and supernatant fractions derived from heart homogenates. The [³H]EACA in the supernatant probably represents a mixture of intra- and extraneuronally located drug. Protriptyline pretreatment decreases the uptake of [³H]EACA suggesting that the amino-acid probably utilizes the amine membrane transport system, EACA, like reserpine, can both impair the retention of exogenously administered amines by adrenergic storage particles and cause the release of amines previously stored in such particles.     

Subcellular distribution of (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047 binding sites in rat liver.

The distribution of (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047 binding sites and the distribution of the established plasma membrane, nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum markers in subcellular fractions of rat liver have been studied. The distribution profile of (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047 binding sites coincided with that of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, the endoplasmic reticulum marker. (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047 binding sites in rat liver are therefore suggested to be located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and to represent a membrane-bound enzyme.     

心肌梗塞患者非心脏手术围手术期心肌缺血及心脏事件的分析

目的 探讨对心肌梗塞(MI)患者行非心脏手术治疗时,患者围手术期心肌缺血及心脏事件发生的特点。方法 分析30例MI患者行非心脏手术的围手术期临床资料。结果 (1)术后18例(60％)发生心肌缺血,其中16例(89％)发生在术后1～3天,10例(62.5％)无临床表现。(2)8例术前不稳定性心绞痛患者及5例MI距手术时间间隔<3个月患者均发生术后心肌缺血。(3)发生术后心肌不良事件6例(20％)。(4)MI距手术时间<3个月患者中,术后无再次MI及死亡发生。结论 心肌梗塞患者行非心脏手术,术后早期易发生无症状心肌缺血,术后再次心梗的发生率较高。新近的心肌梗塞并不是手术的绝对禁忌症。