防晕船口服液及抗晕船口服液预防晕船的效果观察

目的 观察自制“抗晕船口服液”及“防晕船口服液”海上预防晕船的效果。方法 在登陆艇上将986名首次出海出现不同程度晕船症状的志愿者分为4组，于开船前半小时分别服用安慰剂(对照组)、防晕口服液(A组)、抗晕口服液(B组)、防晕口服液 抗晕口服液(C组)，记录受试者出现的晕船症状并进行统计学分析。结果 4组均有预防晕船效果，对照组预防晕船作用显著低于其余3组，C组预防晕船作用明显高于A组和B组，各组间副作用无显著差别。各组对低、中敏受试者均有不同程度的抗晕船效果，但对照组明显低于其他各组；在高敏受试者中，对照组无抗晕船效果；在中、高敏受试者中，C组抗晕船的有效率、保护率明显高于A组和B组。结论 抗晕船口服液及防晕船口服液具有明显的预防晕船作用，两者联用效果更佳。     

高血压患者心率变异性及心率减速力变化

目的探讨高血压患者心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)及心率减速力(deceleration capacity of heart rate,DC)变化。方法选取80例健康体检和64例高血压患者进行24 h动态心电图监测,分析比较2组的HRV时域指标:全部窦性心搏R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals,SDNN)、R-R间期平均值的标准差(standard deviation of the average normal-to-normal intervals,SDANN)、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(root mean square of successive differece,RMSSD)、相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms的百分比(proportion of number of pairs ofadjacent normal-to-normal intervals by more than 50 ms,PNN50)、三角指数和DC,探讨高血压患者HRV与DC的相关性,以及较健康体检者差异是否有统计学意义。结果高血压患者的SDNN、SDANN、三角指数、DC均较健康体检者减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),RMSSD、PNN50差异无统计学意义。高血压组DC与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高血压患者HRV和DC减低,自主神经功能受损;高血压组DC与HRV时域指标呈正相关。     

冠心病患者心率变异性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者心率变异性(HRV)变化,为冠心病治疗提供参考。方法:选择经冠状动脉造影(CAG)确诊冠心病80例为观察组,另选择心电图、胸部X线检查等均正常健康者50例为对照组。两组均行动态心电图检查,记录两组R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻R-R间期差的均方根(rMSSD)、相邻R-R间期差值超过50mm的N-N间期所占百分数(PNN50),以及低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)等HRV指标。结果:观察组SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF等HRV指标,均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病患者HRV可反映自主神经调节功能下降。     

海训对心电图及心率变异性的影响

目的　探讨海训对指战员心电图和心率变异性 (HRV)的影响。方法　用常规方法检测某部指战员海训前的常规心电图、2 4小时动态心电图 (Holter) ,分别在海训前、海训结束后检测HRV时域指标并加以分析比较。结果　海训引起常规心电图的轻度异常率为 46% ,HRV时域指标明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　海训可显著改善指战员心血管系统功能 ,但长期大强度海训可导致心电活动异常发生率增高。     

心率变异性分析及其应用

Heart rate variability (HRV) has considerable potentials in assessing the role of autonomic nervous system fluctuations in healthy individuals and patients. This paper reviews the analytical methods of HRV and its application. HRV is a useful parameter for predicting cardiac risk after acute myocardial infarction, and an early warning sign of diabetes neuropath in clinical medicine. In space medical studies, HRV analysis have been used to assess changes in autonomic regulation after weightlessness or simulated weightlessness, evaluate tolerance in various stress test, study regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular system, and assess the effect of countermeasure against weightlessness.     

冠状动脉狭窄程度对冠心病患者心率变异性的影响

目的探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变狭窄程度对心率变异性(HRV)的影响及其临床意义。方法:将经冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥50%～70%定为中度狭窄组46例,>70%以上定为重度狭窄组41例,正常对照组38例,术前行24h动态心电图,计算HRV时域指标。结果:中、重度狭窄组HRV指标中SDNN、SDANN均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),重度狭窄组HRV指标中SDNN、SDANN显著低于中度狭窄组(P<0.01)。结论:冠心病患者HRV的降低与冠脉病变狭窄程度有关,提示HRV可作为预测冠心病严重程度和预后的重要指标。     

深呼吸对糖尿病患者心率变异性影响及意义

 目的分析糖尿病患者短程静息及深呼吸心率变异性(Heart rate variability,HRV)的动静变化,探讨深呼吸对自主神经损伤HRV的影响及意义.方法2型糖尿病患者64例分为:单纯糖尿病(SDM)组36例及糖尿病并发症(DMA)组28例,与健康者30例对照;全部施行HRV深呼吸试验(5 min静息态、5 min深呼吸态)检测,分析HRV每一指标的3个变量(静息态值、深呼吸态值、静息深呼差值).结果糖尿病各组深呼吸试验HRV各指标的3个变量值均较对照组有不同程度降低,DMA组较SDM组亦明显降低.结论深呼吸HRV随自主神经损伤程度不同而呈不同程度降低.短程HRV深呼吸试验可静动结合灵敏真实地反映自主神经损伤.     

高温对蟾蜍离体心脏心率变异性的影响

目的通过采集室温和高温两种不同温度下蟾蜍离体心脏的心电图，分析高温环境下心率变异性的变化并探讨其神经调节机制。方法制备离体心脏灌流标本，然后置于浴槽系统，并通过导管连与恒温水浴槽。采集两种温度灌流液下离体心脏的心电图。结果高温灌流时的心率比室温时增快。并且，给予阿托品、酚妥拉明和普奈洛尔三种阻滞剂后，用药前后心率没有明显差异。高温时低频与高频比值较室温时升高。结论室温和高温条件下，温度对心率的影响可通过直接作用于心脏窦房结实现。高温时交感神经的活动占优势。     

焦虑特质与心率变异性及心率的相关性

由中华医学会航空航天医学分会主办的全国第六次航空航天医学学术会议将于 2 0 0 2年 6月 2 6～2 9日在浙江宁波市召开。本次会议共收到应征论文 2 1 9篇 ,经专家评审组采用双向多重盲法 (作者与审者间双盲、审者间互盲 )审稿方式初选后 ,再集中会审 ,充分保证了公平、优质地录选稿件。最终录用 1 2 9篇 ,其中英语专题会交流 9篇 ,大会交流 1 7篇 ,专题会交流 1 0 3篇。现将这次会议入选论文以摘要形式在本刊预先发表。为了方便检索与学术交流 ,我们在每篇摘要前加了顺序编号 ,并标注了关键词 ;英语专题会交流论文摘要以中英文对照形式刊发 ;中文摘要加注了中国图书馆分类法分类号。     

高血压患者夜间心率对24小时心率变异性影响的观察与分析

心率变异(Heart rate variability,HRV)检测分析,作为一种间接评定心脏自主神经功能的手段,逐渐被广泛应用于临床研究。它是近年来检测严重心律失常以及心脏猝死的重要指标。在高血压病中也有预测价值。本文分析了96例高血压患者夜间心率(22:00～7:00)变化对24 h HRV时域指标和频域指标的影响,并探讨其临床意义,现报告如下。     

自主神经功能在急性高原反应发病中的意义

目的 探讨自主神经系统(ANS)功能在急性高原反应(AMS)发病中的意义.方法 43名健康青年男性在完成进舱前的5min短程心率变异性(HRV)、冷加压试验(CPT)及血浆去甲肾上腺素(NA)浓度检测后,进入低压氧舱模拟急进海拔4 500m 1天.所有受试者在模拟高原第2、10、20h接受HRV动态检测,并再次接受CPT及NA检测,出舱前进行AMS症状评分.根据AMS评分,25名评分≤10分者定为轻度AMS组,即A组;18名评分＞10分者定为中重度AMS组,即B组.结果 与A组相比,B组进舱前CPT中收缩压升高幅度较高(P＜0.05);B组在模拟4 500m第10h HRV中正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻RR间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、爱丁堡指数(PNN50)、高频(HF)及总功率(TP)较低(均P＜0.05),第20h PNN50及HF也较低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),而LF/HF及血浆NA较高(P＜0.05).AMS评分与进舱前SDNN、rMSSD、LF、TP及NA呈显著正相关(均P＜0.05);与模拟高原SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50及HF呈显著负相关(SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50 P＜0.01,HF P＜0.05),而与NA呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论 ANS在AMS的发病中具有重要作用,联合采用多种方法进行ANS功能检测可能在一定程度上预测AMS易感人群,并有助于诊断AMS.     

曲美他嗪对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心率变异性的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者心功能及心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法将60例CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪治疗6个月,观察两组患者治疗前后NYHA分级、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、N末端原脑利钠肽（NT-pro-BNP）及6min步行距离（6-MWD）的变化,采用12导联同步1-IOLTER检测系统检查,测定HRV时域指标（SDNN、SDANNindex MSDD、PNN50）。结果6个月后,治疗组患者的心功能明显改善,LVEDd及NT—pro—BNP与对照组相比明显降低,LVEF及6-MWD与对照组相比明显增加,HRV参数明显好转。结论曲美他嗪可以改善CHF患者的心功能及HRV。     

海拔5000m以上驻防官兵慢性高原病患病情况调查

目的 了解喀喇昆仑山海拔5000 m以上驻防官兵慢性高原病(CMS)发病情况,为制定针对性防治措施提供依据.方法 依据CMS青海标准,对喀喇昆仑山驻防1年的223名官兵进行健康检查,并与2005年的调查结果 进行比较分析.结果 223名官兵中,45人患有CMS,患病率为20.2%.其中海拔5380 m组、5200 m组、5100 m组CMS患病率分别为29.6%、35.2%、30.8%,显著高于海拔4300 m组(4.1%)和海拔3700 m组(7.4%)(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);海拔5380 m组、5200 m组、5100 m组血红蛋白含量分别为(196.7±21.0)g/L、(200.0±18.1)g/L、(197.6±17.1)g/L,也显著高于海拔4300 m组(180.1±15.2)g/L和海拔3700 m组(183.6±17.2)g/L(P＜0.01).本次调查CMS患病率较2005年明显降低,其中海拔5380 m组由85.7%下降至29.6%,海拔4300 m组由43.5%下降至4.1%(P＜0.01).结论 喀喇昆仑山驻防官兵CMS患病情况较5年前明显改善,但海拔5000 m以上驻防官兵的健康保护问题仍需重点研究.     

既往运动病易感性对科里奥利加速度耐受性的影响

目的观察既往运动病易感性水平对科里奥利加速度耐受性是否有影响。方法采用运动病易感量表筛选58名不同运动病易感的健康志愿者,采用垂直轴旋转刺激(每秒钟60°顺时针旋转)使身体旋转,以恶心评定量表、恶心问卷和旋转耐受时间为指标观察不同易感者的症状程度和旋转耐受时间的差异。结果既往运动病易感组童年期运动病易感得分、成年期运动病易感得分、运动病易感总分均高于非易感组(P<0.01)。运动病易感组和非易感组旋转耐受时间差异无显著性意义。易感组旋转前、旋转后即刻、旋转后15 min、30 min恶心评定量表得分均高于非易感组,差异有显著性意义。易感组恶心问卷总分、消化道不适得分、情绪困扰得分高于非易感组,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。既往运动病易感性与旋转耐受时间不相关;与旋转前、旋转后即刻、旋转后15 min3、0 min恶心评定量表得分、恶心问卷总分、躯体不适得分、消化道不适得分和情绪困扰得分呈显著相关。结论既往运动病易感性影响科里奥利加速度耐受性,可作为试验性运动病的预测指标。     

Impact of heart rate variability in patients with normal sinus rhythm on image quality in coronary magnetic angiography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of heart rate variability on image quality in patients with suspected coronary artery disease during magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The coronary images from 70 patients who underwent target-volume MRA were retrospectively analyzed. Two independent observers evaluated image quality using a score from 0 (nonvisible) to 4 (excellent quality). Images were grouped into good (score > 2) and poor image quality (score 0-2). Five parameters (effective scan duration, navigator efficiency, mean heart rate, acquisition window, and heart rate variability) were evaluated. RESULTS: In all, 56 of the 70 patients (80%) were scored as good and 14 as poor image quality. Only the navigator efficiency, heart rate variability, and acquisition window showed statistically significant for the prediction of image quality, with navigator efficiency being the strongest predictor. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with navigator efficiency >60% had good image quality independent of the heart rate variability. In patients with navigator efficiency < or =60%, heart rate variability is the only remaining significant parameter (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Navigator efficiency was the most important predictor of MRCA image quality. Heart rate variability is the most important predictor of image quality in patients with a navigator efficiency < or =60%.     

肺功能测定对急性高原反应易感者预测价值的初步探讨

目的：探讨肺功能测定对急性高原反应(AMS)易感者的预测作用。方法：随机选择内地籍人藏新兵113人，进藏前(海拔300m)进行肺功能检测，然后空运进入高原地区(海拔3658m)；人藏后第2天和第3天进行急性高原反应症状学评分。将两组数据进行相关分析。结果：急性高原反应者的用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)和18用力呼气容积(FEV1．0)显著低于无反应者，AMS与受试者FVC、FEV1、PEF等指标显著相关。结论：平原肺功能测定有益于AMS易感者的筛选。     

Effects of gender of subjects and experimenter on susceptibility to motion sickness.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that females are more susceptible to motion sickness than males, but these reports have failed to take into account the possible effects of the gender of the experimenter and the subjective nature of reports of symptoms of motion sickness. To deal with the first possible confound, we used male and female experimenters. To deal with the second issue, we recorded gastric myoelectric activity so as to be able to quantify gastric tachyarrhythmia, an objective measure that has been shown previously to correlate highly with severity of symptoms. METHOD: There were 34 male and 34 female participants were assigned to either a male or female experimenter. Symptoms of motion sickness were induced by placing participants in an optokinetic drum for an 8-min baseline period followed by a 16-min rotation period. Electrogastrograms (EGGs) were continuously recorded, and reports of symptoms were obtained from the participants every 3 min during rotation. RESULTS: Comparison of male and female subjects' symptom scores revealed that females had higher symptom scores than males; however, no significant main effects for gender of the subject or experimenter were found. However, on a post-session questionnaire, females reported experiencing significantly more GI symptoms than males. Gender comparisons of the change in gastric tachyarrhythmia power from baseline to rotation yielded no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Females report more overall symptoms of motion sickness and significantly more GI symptoms than males, but do not show greater increases in gastric tachyarrhythmia during exposure to a rotating drum.     

新生儿黄疸对心率变异性的影响及其临床意义

目的探讨新生儿黄疸对心率变异性的影响及其临床意义。方法应用美国威豪公司CompaxXMHolter分析系统检测12例轻-中度黄疸新生儿、8例重度黄疸新生儿治疗前后和12例正常新生儿的心率变异性。结果轻-中度黄疸患儿即显示有HRV的增高,表现为SNDD、SNDD index、RMSSD、5min total power、HF的升高(P<0.05),而重度黄疸HRV则下降,表现为SNDD、5min total power下降(P<0.05)。经治疗后重度黄疸的HRV增加,表现为交感神经张力的增加,但仍低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论新生儿黄疸可影响心脏自主神经功能,表现为交感神经张力增加。心率变异性判断新生儿黄疸预后的可靠指标。其中SNDDindex、5min total power两项指标反应黄疸新生儿的交感神经张力更敏感。     

Effect of overreaching on cognitive performance and related cardiac autonomic control

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of a 2‐week overload period immediately followed by a 1‐week taper period on different cognitive processes including executive and nonexecutive functions, and related heart rate variability. Eleven male endurance athletes increased their usual training volume by 100% for 2 weeks, and decreased it by 50% for 1 week. A maximal graded test, a constant speed test at 85% of peak treadmill speed, and a Stroop task with the measurement of heart rate variability were performed at each period. All participants were considered as overreached. We found a moderate increase in the overall reaction time to the three conditions of the Stroop task after the overload period (816 ± 83 vs 892 ± 117 ms, P = 0.03) followed by a return to baseline after the taper period (820 ± 119 ms, P = 0.013). We found no association between cognitive performance and cardiac parasympathetic control at baseline, and no association between changes in these measures. Our findings clearly underscore the relevance of cognitive performance in the monitoring of overreaching in endurance athletes. However, contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find any relationship between executive performance and cardiac parasympathetic control.