氟化钠的体外发育毒性研究

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经细胞进行原代培养了氟化钠的细胞生及其对神经元分化的细胞毒性试验提示ＮａＦ的半数存活抑制浓度为１５．０μｇ／ｍｌ。染毒组的细胞集落形成率降低，细胞体积小，细胞间神经细胞纤维减少，其中前者呈剂量－效应关系，表明ＮａＦ可抑制胚胎细胞的分化，半数分化抑制浓度为３．０μｇ／ｍｌ，半数存活抑制２与半数分化抑制浓度的比值大于５．０。本表明抑制细胞分化可能是ＮａＦ致发育危害的重要作用机理。     

锰的体外发育毒性研究

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经元细胞进行微团培养,研究了锰的细胞毒性及其对神经元分化的影响。细胞毒性试验提示锰的半数存活抑制浓度（ＩＣＶ５０）为１８．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。染毒组的细胞集落形成率降低,细胞体积小,细胞间神经纤维减少等形态学变化,其中前者呈剂量－效应关系,表明锰可抑制胚胎神经元细胞的分化,半数分化抑制浓度（ＩＣＤ５０）为１０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ１半数存活抑制浓度与半数分化抑制浓度的比值（Ｖ／Ｄ）均大于１     

无机氟对大小鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响

采用胚胎肢芽细胞微团培养方法，观察无机氟对ＳＤ大鼠和昆明种小鼠胚胎芽细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果显示培养液中一定浓度的氟对两种动物胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化有明显抑制作用，且呈剂量－反应关系。拟合细胞分化和增殖抑制曲线，计算得大、小鼠半数抑制分化浓度（ＩＤ５０）分别为６．８％μｇ／ｍｌ、７．３μｇ／ｍｌ；半数抑制增殖浓度（ＩＰ５０）为４４．１μｇ／ｍｌ、６３．６μｇ／ｍｌ。ＩＰ５０分别为６．４和８．７。     

神经生长因子对四氯化碳致毒性拮抗效应的初步探讨

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经细胞原代微团培养,研究神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ２．５Ｓ）对不同浓度的四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）致毒性拮抗效应,观察细胞分化以及细胞形态的影响,同时做了ＣＣｌ４的毒性试验并与正常细胞的分化进行了比较,结果表示,染毒组的细胞集落数形成率明显降低,细胞体积小,细胞间神经纤维减少,表明ＣＣｌ４可抑制胚胎中脑神经细胞的分化,其半数生长抑制浓度（ＩＣＶ５０）为１０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,并显剂量－效应关系     

无机氟对大小鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响

采用胚胎肢芽细胞微团培养方法，观察无机氟对ＳＤ大鼠和昆明种小鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果显示培养液中一定浓度的氟对两种动物胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化有明显抑制作用，且呈剂量－反应关系。拟合细胞分化和增殖抑制曲线，计算得大、小鼠半数抑制分化浓度（ＩＤ５０）分别为６．８μｇ／ｍｌ、７．３μｇ／ｍｌ；半数抑制增殖浓度（ＩＰ５０）为４４．１μｇ／ｍｌ、６３．６μｇ／ｍｌ。ＩＰ５０／ＩＤ５０分别为６．４和８．７。表明无机氟是肢芽细胞分化的特异性抑制剂。     

MTT法检测丙烯酰胺对神经细胞的毒性作用

目的介绍一种用四氮唑蓝（ＭＴＴ）为底物的酶反应定量比色分析法。方法用ＭＴＴ法测定了丙烯酰胺对体外培养的大鼠胚胎中脑神经细胞的毒性。结果在１×１０４～４×１０５／ｍｌ细胞浓度范围内，吸光值与细胞数呈良好的线性关系；丙烯酰胺对神经细胞有明显的细胞毒性作用，其半数生长抑制浓度（ＩＣ５０）为８６μｇ／ｍｌ。结论ＭＴＴ法用于测定细胞毒性作用具有快速、正确等优点。     

醋酸铅对胚胎神经细胞分化的影响

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经细胞作原代微团培养，培养物经不同浓度的醋酸铅（Ｐｂ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２．３Ｈ２Ｏ）染毒，观察其对细胞分化的影响。结果显示，Ｐｂ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２．３Ｈ２Ｏ可抑制细胞细胞分化导致细胞形态的改变，表现为细胞储落数目减少细胞表面突起和集落间的神经纤维束减少，并显示剂量－－效应关系，其半数生长抑制浓度为２５μｇ／ｍｌ，而半数分化抑制浓度为２μｇ／ｍｌ。。ＩｃＶ５０与ＩｃＤ５０比值为１２．     

五氧化二钒的体外发育毒性研究

采用胚胎肢芽细胞进行原代微团培养,培养物经不同浓度的五氧化二钒（Ｖ２Ｏ５）对细胞肢芽细胞经５天增减形成细胞集落,Ｖ２Ｏ５对体外肢细胞的分化有明显抑制作用,并有较明显的剂量－效应关系,其半数生长抑制浓度（ＩＣＶ５０）和半分化抑制浓度（ＩＣＤ５０）分别为１２．６和１．６μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｖ／Ｄ值为７．９。表明抑制细胞分化可能是Ｖ２Ｏ５致发育危害的重要作用机理。     

锰的体外发育毒性研究

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经元细胞进行微团培养,研究了锰的细胞毒性及其对神经元分化的影响。细胞毒性试验提示锰的半数存活抑制浓度（ICV50）为18.0μmol／L。染毒组的细胞集落形成率降低,细胞体积小,细胞间神经纤维减少等形态学变化,其中前者呈剂量-效应关系。表明锰可抑制胚胎神经元细胞的分化,半数分化抑制浓度（ICD50）为10.0μmol／L,半数存活抑制浓度与半数分化抑制浓度的比值（V／D）均大于1.8。表明抑制神经元细胞分化可能是锰致发育危害的重要作用机制。     

醋酸铅对胚胎神经细胞分化的影响

利用大鼠胚胎中脑神经细胞作原代微团培养，培养物经不同浓度的醋酸铅（Ｐｂ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２·３Ｈ２Ｏ）染毒，观察其对细胞分化的影响。结果显示，Ｐｂ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２·３Ｈ２Ｏ可抑制细胞分化导致细胞形态的改变，表现为细胞集落数目减少细胞表面突起和集落间的神经纤维束减少。并显示剂量──效应关系，其半数生长抑制浓度（ＩｃＶ５０）为２５μｇ／ｍｌ，而半数分化抑制浓度（ＩｃＤ５０）为２μｇ／ｍｌ。ＩｃＶ５０与ＩｃＤ５０比值为１２．５，判断为醋酸铅可能具有体外细胞致畸作用     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.