护理干预对糖尿病视网膜病变患者治疗依从性的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者治疗依从性的影响。方法84例糖尿病视网膜病变患者随机分为两组,对照组（n=40例）采用对症支持治疗联合一般护理,观察组（n=44例）在对照组治疗和一般护理基础上进行针对性心理护理与健康教育,比较两组患者治疗6个月后的依从性及体重指数、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖等情况。结果观察组患者按时服药、运动锻炼、饮食控制、戒除烟酒率、控制体重和血糖达标人数明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;干预后观察组患者体重指数、空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论针对性护理干预能够有效提高糖尿病视网膜病变患者的治疗依从性,对DR治疗具有积极的促进作用。     

家庭健康教育模式对糖尿病患者院外口服药物治疗的干预效果观察

目的：观察家庭健康教育模式对糖尿病患者院外口服药物治疗的干预效果。方法100例2型糖尿病患者根据数字表法随机分为两组,对照组（n=50例）采用一般健康教育,观察组（n=50例）采用家庭健康教育模式。比较两组患者干预前后糖尿病相关知识知晓情况,干预后遵医行为及干预前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）等变化。结果两组患者干预后临床症状、预防措施、糖尿病管理理念、控制措施、并发症、预防并发症措施等糖尿病相关知识知晓率较干预前明显升高（P＜0.05）,且观察组升高较对照组更为显著（P＜0.05）;观察组干预后按时服药、低盐饮食、低油饮食、适量运动、合理控制饮食及自我血糖监测等遵医行为明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组干预后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc等指标较干预前均明显降低（P＜0.05）,且观察组降低较对照组更为显著（P＜0.05）。结论家庭健康教育模式可明显提高糖尿病院外口服药物治疗患者的糖尿病相关知识知晓率、遵医行为,并改善相关临床指标。     

家庭健康教育模式对老年糖尿病患者自护能力及代谢指标的影响

目的：观察家庭健康教育模式对老年糖尿病患者自护能力及代谢指标的影响。方法70例老年糖尿病患者根据数字表法随机分为2组。对照组（n=35）采用一般健康教育;观察组（n=35）采用家庭健康教育模式。比较两组患者干预前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）等变化及饮食管理、运动管理、用药管理、监测血糖、足部护理、吸烟等自护能力。结果观察组干预后饮食管理、运动管理、用药管理、监测血糖、足部护理、吸烟等自护能力均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组干预后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc等指标较干预前均明显降低（P<0.05）,且观察组较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）。结论家庭健康教育模式可明显提高老年糖尿病患者自护能力,并改善相关临床代谢指标。     

社区护理干预对糖尿病患者遵医行为的影响

目的：探讨社区护理干预措施对糖尿病患者遵医行为的影响,以此来验证社区护理的科学性。方法抽取社区一年内2型糖尿病患者120例,并按照随机原则分为两组,其中常规护理的60例患者为对照组,另60例患者接受社区的护理干预措施为研究组,对比两组患者的遵医行为。结果研究组患者在按时检查、饮食控制、按时用药以及自我监测等遵医行为显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）,同时研究组患者在护理干预后,血糖水平明显优于对照组,差异显著（ P＜0．05）。结论对社区2型糖尿病患者实施社区护理干预措施,能够显著提高患者的遵医行为,更好的控制和稳定血糖,提供患者日常生活质量。     

个性化护理对老年糖尿病患者出院后遵医行为的影响

目的：观察个性化护理对老年糖尿病患者出院后遵医行为的影响,探讨提高老年糖尿病患者护理质量的措施。方法选择同期住院治疗的老年2型糖尿病患者84例,随机均分为对照组和观察组,对照组住院期间给予常规专科护理,观察组住院期间施行个性化护理措施,比较两组患者出院6个月后血糖指标、遵医行为评分及生活质量评分。结果出院6个月后两组患者的血糖指标、遵医行为评分及生活质量评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组均优于对照组。结论对老年住院糖尿病患者应积极施行个性化护理措施,不仅有利于患者住院期间的恢复,还有利于患者出院后血糖水平的控制与生活质量的提高。     

临床护理路径对妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症患者母子结局的影响

目的临床护理路径对妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症患者母子结局的影响。方法选取2018年10月~2019年10月收治的妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症患者92例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和研究组,每组各46例。对照组患儿接受常规护理干预,研究组在此基础上采用临床护理路径干预。比较两组患者干预前后血糖、血压、血脂情况,比较两组患者妊娠结局。结果干预后研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖显著低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后研究组DBP、SBP显著低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后研究组TC、LDL-C、TG显著低于对照组(P<0.05),同时研究组HDL-C显著高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后两组剖宫产、出生缺陷、死胎比较无显著差异,但研究组早产、体重过低、巨大儿发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对妊娠期糖尿病合并妊高症患者实施临床护理路径干预护理能有效改善血糖水平、血压水平,同时改善患者TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG水平、有效改善患者妊娠结局减少早产、巨大儿的发生率。     

心理干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者生活质量的影响与效果评价

目的：探讨心理干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者临床疗效和自尊水平的影响。方法：选择60例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用糖尿病常规护理模式,观察组应用心理干预护理措施,观察两组护理后的临床疗效（空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、体重指数）和自尊水平（Rosenberg自尊量表）。结果：护理前两组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、体重指数无统计学差异,P〉0．05,护理后,观察组的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖明显低于对照组,P〈0．05,体重指数比对照组低,但无统计学意义,P〉0．05。护理前两组Rosenberg自尊量表评分无显著性差异,P〉0．05,护理后,观察组Rosenberg自尊量表评分明显高于对照组,P〈0．05。结论：心理干预能有效改善Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的临床疗效,提高自尊水平。     

自我效能干预对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响

 目的 探讨自我效能干预对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,抽取农村2型糖尿病患者104例,随机分成干预组和对照组。采用自我管理行为问卷对两组患者进行评估,并检测两组空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖。对照组给予常规治疗及健康教育,干预组给予基于自我效能理论的系统干预,包括饮食、运动、血糖监测、足部护理、药物、戒烟等6个方面。共干预6 个月,在干预3、6个月时,分别对两组进行评估并比较。结果 干预前,两组糖尿病患者的自我管理行为、空腹血糖及餐后血糖差异均无统计学意义。干预后,干预组患者自我管理行为各维度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患者空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 自我效能干预可有效提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理行为,有利于控制血糖。     

康复护理干预对糖尿病肾病患者病情的延缓作用分析

目的 分析康复护理干预对糖尿病肾病患者病情的延缓作用.方法 将2019年05月-2020年10月治疗的糖尿病肾病患者86例为研究对象,按照入院顺序奇偶性划分为两组,即观察组和对照组,每组各43例.对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者给予康复护理干预.结果 护理前两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖,无明显差异(P＞0.05);护理后两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖,均有明显差异,且观察组患者均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).护理前两组患者的24 h蛋白尿、BUN、Scr值,无明显差异(P＞0.05);护理后两组患者的24 h蛋白尿、BUN、Scr值,均有明显差异,且观察组患者均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组患者的护理满意度,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 康复护理干预能够促进患者血糖控制,改善患者肾功能指标,在延缓患者病情中具有非常积极的意义,从而显著提高患者的临床护理满意度.     

中医适宜技术干预2型糖尿病气阴两虚证的效果观察

目的：观察中医适宜技术干预社区2型糖尿病气阴两虚证的效果。方法：将2型糖尿病153例随机分为对照组76例和观察组77例。对照组予单纯西药控制血糖,并嘱忌糖饮食;观察组在此基础上予中医适宜技术干预。干预时间均为1年,观察两组干预前后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖及症状分级量化表积分变化情况。结果：两组空腹血糖及餐后2h血糖干预前后差异显著（P〈0.05）;观察组症状分级量化表积分干预前后差异显著（P〈0.05）;观察组干预后症状分级量化表各效应显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中医适宜技术可改善2型糖尿病患者气阴两虚的临床症状。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.