血清PSA与前列腺癌骨转移的关系

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)预测前列腺癌骨转移的价值.方法:以全身核素骨显像为金标准,回顾性分析放免法测定的58例前列腺癌骨转移和63例非骨转移患者血清PSA水平与骨转移的关系.结果:血清PSA≤10/μg/L者骨转移的发生率极低,发生率为0.PSA≥20 μg/L者有骨转移的可能,骨转移的发生率为50%.PSA≥40/μg/L者骨转移的可能性极大,骨转移的发生率为68%.结论:对于新诊断而未治疗的前列腺癌的患者,PSA<10μg/L者无骨痛或病理性骨折时不必行全身核素骨显像检查.PSA≥20μg/L者应常规行全身核素骨显像检查,以早期确诊前列腺癌骨转移.     

PSA及其相关参数在前列腺癌骨转移中的预测作用

目的 探讨PSA及其相关参数（FIT、PSAD）在前列腺癌骨转移中的预测作用；方法 回顾我院2002年5月-2005年3月收治的前列腺癌病例，对其中PSA及其相关参数资料完整的87例进行分析，分析这些指标参数与前列腺癌骨转移的相关性和对骨转移的诊断价值，并用ECT和MRI进行验证；结果 按PSA〈10μg／L、10-50μg／L和PSA〉50μg／L对前列腺癌患者进行分层，PSA及PSAD与前列腺癌骨转移成正相关（分别为r=0．45038，P〈0．0028和r=0．64158，P〈0．0001），而FIT则没有相关性。根据上述结果，再以PSA〉50μg／L和PSAD〉0．4为界分别用PSA、PSAD和PSAD联合PSA对前列腺癌骨转移进行诊断分析，结果发现PSAD＋PSA联合诊断应用后，诊断的敏感度、阴性预测值明显提高，对诊断有明显帮助。结论 PSAD＋PSA联合应用诊断前列腺癌骨转移，是对传统ECT和MRI诊断前列腺癌骨转移的重要补充，对ECT和MRI所带来射线损害的降低和经济负担的减少有重要意义。     

ALP、PSA及其相关指标与前列腺癌骨转移的关系

目的 探讨ALP、PSA及其相关指标(fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD)与前列腺癌骨转移的关系,及对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的预测作用.方法 回顾分析2005年9月至2009年2月在我院经前列腺穿刺活检或手术后病理检查确诊的167例前列腺癌患者.以ECT、X线片、CT/MRI或骨活检诊断骨转移,分析ALP、PSA、fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD与前列腺癌骨转移的关系及对骨转移的诊断价值.结果 167例前列腺癌患者中骨转移104例(62.3%),非骨转移63例(37.7%).骨转移组ALP、PSA及PSAD明显高于非骨转移组(均P<0.01),而两组间fPSA/tPSA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).PSA>50 ng/ml组骨转移率明显高于PSA>20～50 ng/ml组、>10～20 ng/ml组和≤10 ng/ml组(均P<0.05);ALP>90 U/L组骨转移率明显高于ALP≤90 U/L组(P<0.05);PSAD>0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3组骨转移率明显高于PSAD≤0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3组(P<0.05).以ALP>90 U/L、PSA>50 ng/ml和PSAD>0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3为界分别分析ALP、PSA、PSAD、PSA+ALP、PSA+PSAD和PSA+PSAD+ALP对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的预测价值,发现指标联合应用后阳性预测值及阴性预测值较单一指标好,PSA+PSAD+ALP联合应用的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值最佳,分别为100%、79.17%、91.38%及100%.结论 ALP、PSA及PSAD均为判断前列腺癌患者有无骨转移的可靠指标,PSA+PSAD+ALP联合应用有助于预测前列腺癌骨转移,当患者PSA<50 ng/ml、PSAD<0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3及ALP<90 U/L时,几乎可排除骨转移.     

~(89)SrCl_2在前列腺癌骨转移治疗中的应用

目的　观察89SrCl2 在前列腺癌骨转移中的治疗效果。　方法　前列腺癌骨转移患者38例。89SrCl2 治疗组 (2 5例 )采用去势术加缓退瘤加89SrCl2 ,对照组 (13例 )采用去势术加缓退瘤治疗 ,分别于治疗前和治疗后 3、6个月测定血清PSA ,骨扫描 ,观察骨痛缓解情况。　结果　89SrCl2 治疗组有效率 92 % (2 3/ 2 5 ) ,对照组 31% (4/ 13) ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　89SrCl2 治疗前列腺癌骨转移疼痛效果明显 ,副作用小 ,且对前列腺癌骨转移灶有治疗作用。     

经膀胱前列腺内植入125碘粒子联合内分泌治疗前列腺癌

目前认为,单纯放射性粒子种植的适应证是早期局限性前列腺癌(Gleason评分≤6分,PSA <1 0μg/L) 〔1〕,晚期前列腺癌仅用放射性粒子治疗效果欠佳。我院自2 0 0 0年5月～2 0 0 2年7月采用1 2 5碘( 1 2 5I)粒子植入联合内分泌治疗技术治疗晚期前列腺癌9例,效果良好,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　一般资料前列腺癌患者9例,年龄61～78岁,平均( 68.2±3.2 )岁。2例伴有冠心病,3例伴有高血压,1例伴有糖尿病。所有患者均经直肠指检、PSA、B超、MRI或CT检查,经前列腺穿刺活检证实诊断。PSA值平均为( 2 7.5±2 0 .4) μg/L ,ECT检查无骨…     

血清前列腺特异性抗原与碱性磷酸酶测定在判断前列腺癌骨转移中的价值

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平与前列腺癌骨转移的关系。方法:回顾性分析96例前列腺癌患者的临床资料(其中29例伴有骨转移,67例不伴有骨转移)及患者血清PSA、ALP水平和骨扫描情况。结果:骨扫描阳性患者的血清PSA和ALP平均浓度均明显高于骨扫描阴性者(P<0.01)。PSA>20μg/L时骨扫描的阳性率明显高于PSA<20μg/L时骨扫描的阳性率(P<0.01)。ALP>90 U/L时骨扫描的阳性率明显高于ALP<90 U/L时骨扫描的阳性率(P<0.01)。结论:伴有骨转移的前列腺癌患者血清PSA和ALP水平均明显高于无骨转移者。当血清PSA>20μg/L和(或)ALP>90 U/L时应行骨扫描检查。     

全雄激素阻断和全雄激素阻断结合~(125)I放射微粒植入治疗前列腺癌

目的 :探讨全雄激素阻断和全雄激素阻断结合12 5I放射微粒植入治疗前列腺癌的临床疗效。　方法 :收集我院近 10年来中晚期前列腺癌病人 44例 ,其中C期 2 8例 ,D期 16例。双侧睾丸切除 +抗雄激素药物治疗 (A组 )35例 ,双侧睾丸切除 +抗雄激素药物 +12 5I放射微粒植入近距离放射治疗 (B组 ) 9例。比较治疗前后PSA的变化及生存率。　结果 :A组 35例病人PSA平均值由 6 0 .3μg/L降至12 .1μg/L。B组 9例病人PSA平均值由72 .1μg/L降至 3.6 μg/L。 35例A组病人随访 9～ 84(平均39.2 )个月 ,排除非癌性死亡 3例 ,因前列腺癌引起的死亡 6例 ,生存率为 81.3%(2 6 / 32 )。B组 9例病人随访 7～ 2 4(平均 13)个月 ,病人全部存活。　结论 :全雄激素阻断治疗及全雄激素阻断治疗结合12 5I放射微粒植入近距离放射治疗 ,是治疗中晚期前列腺癌的可供选择的有效方法。     

中晚期前列腺癌临床治疗分析

目的 :探讨放疗、内分泌治疗和联合治疗对前列腺癌的临床疗效及PSA的临床诊断价值。　方法 :回顾总结 1986～ 1997年 5 0例C期以上前列腺癌临床治疗资料 ,比较不同治疗方法的客观生存率及PSA在治疗前后的变化。　结果 :治疗前 93 .7%病人PSA >4μg/L ,内分泌治疗后PSA水平下降 80 %～ 86 % ;80 %肿瘤发展病人PSA升高 1倍以上。手术去势组C期病人 2年和 5年生存率为 10 0 %和 6 6 % ;D期为 82 %和 36 %。放疗组C、D期 2年和 5年生存率分别为 10 0 %、5 0 %和 5 0 %、0。放疗联合去势术治疗C期病人 2年和 5年生存率为 10 0 %和 77%。药物治疗组 2年生存率为 90 %。　结论 :PSA是诊断前列腺癌及评价治疗预后的敏感指标。放疗联合内分泌治疗是C期前列腺癌的有效治疗方法 ,内分泌治疗D期前列腺癌优于放疗     

骨显像联合B-AKP测定评价~(89)Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移疗效

目的 :联合应用骨显像与骨型碱性磷酸酶 (B AKP)测定 ,对89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移疗效进行评价。　方法 :前列腺癌骨转移患者 73例 ,89Sr治疗前 1周及治疗后半年内进行全身骨显像及B AKP测定。①根据骨病灶数目骨显像分为 0、1、2、3共 4级 ,治疗前后病灶数目的变化采用配对t检验 ,骨显像各级别组间B AKP比较采用t检验。②计算病灶的摄取比值 (T/NT比值 ) ,其变化采用t检验。③治疗前后B AKP的变化采用t检验。　结果 :①治疗前骨转移病灶为 1～ 36 ( 8.6± 7.4 )个 ,共 6 18个 ,治疗后 0～ 34( 3.8± 6 .7)个 ,共 349个 ,明显减少 (t=4 .0 79,P<0 .0 1)。②治疗前T/NT值为 1.12～ 15 .38( 5 .36± 4 .6 7) ,治疗后为 1.2 8～ 16 .5 2 ( 3.17± 2 .95 ) ,降低显著 (t =7.90 7,P <0 .0 1)。③治疗前B AKP为 9.6～ 6 5 .5 ( 2 8.4± 14 .8) μg/L ,治疗后为10 .9～ 5 4 .7( 2 0 .9± 11.7) μg/L ,降低显著 (t=3.349,P <0 .0 0 2 )。④骨显像结合B AKP联合评估 ,ECT显像 5例假阳性与 6例假阴性得到纠正。　结论 :全身骨显像与B AKP测定有一定的互补性。89Sr治疗后疗效监测应以骨显像与B AKP测定结合进行 ,以准确评估疗效 ,指导临床治疗     

急性尿潴留对血清前列腺特异性抗原的影响

目的 :研究良性前列腺增生 (BPH)病人发生急性尿潴留时对血清前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)的影响。　方法 :对 34例伴有急性尿潴留的BPH病人 ,于膀胱造瘘前及引流尿液 4 8h后分别检测血清PSA值 (放免法 )。　结果 :BPH伴急性尿潴留者血清PSA值为 (2 4 6± 16 1) μg/L(2 .6～ 4 5 .8μg/L) ,引流尿液 4 8h后血清PSA值降为(9.4± 6 .3) μg/L(1.7～ 16 .6 μg/L)。两者相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。 　结论 :急性尿潴留可使BPH病人血清PSA值显著升高。尿潴留缓解后 ,血清PSA值平均下降超过 5 0 %。     

血清PSA值和前列腺结节指导前列腺穿刺活检的临床意义

目的 探讨血清ＰＳＡ浓度变化与前列腺癌及其骨转移的相关性。方法 对９３例直肠指诊异常及血清ＰＳＡ〉４ｎｇ／ｍｌ的患者,行直脾性Ｂ超引志下前列腺穿刺活检;用９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ行全身骨扫描判断有无骨。结果 ９３例中前列腺活检阳性者６０例,其中２６例扫描阳性;随血清ＰＳＡ浓度升高,前列腺阳性活检率及其远处骨转移阳性率升高。 血清ＰＳＡ升高与前列腺癌及其骨转移的发生率呈正相关。     

PSA和SPECT骨显像在前列腺癌诊断治疗中的意义

目的：研究PSA、SPECT骨显像在前列腺癌诊断及治疗中的临床意义。方法：对100例经临床确诊的前列腺癌患者全部行血清PSA测定及全身骨显像。结果：发生骨转移的患者为81％,PSA≥20tμg／I．的患者发生骨转移的为60％。结论：血清PSA与骨显像联检对前列腺癌临床诊断、疗效观察及预后判定具有重要的指导意义。     

Routine bone scans in patients with prostate cancer related to serum prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the need for a bone scan as a routine staging procedure in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in relation to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and thus determine whether a reduction of the use of this staging method is possible in patients with a low probability of osseous metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results of bone scans were related retrospectively to levels of serum PSA and ALP in 363 patients with prostate cancer newly diagnosed between 1989 and 1997. RESULTS: Of 363 consecutive patients, 111 had a positive bone scan. In 19 of 144 (13%, "missed diagnosis") patients with a PSA level of < 20 ng/mL the bone scan was positive. In 125 patients (49%, "false-positives") with a PSA level of > 20 ng/mL the bone scan was negative. A threshold level of 100 U/L for ALP gave a better balance for the number of "false-positives" and "missed diagnosis". ALP values correlated better with an abnormal bone scan than did PSA levels; ALP levels of > 90 U/L indicated a 60% chance for the presence of bone metastases. CONCLUSION: Patients with newly diagnosed and untreated prostate cancer should undergo bone scintigraphy if there is bone pain or if ALP levels are > 90 U/L. Recent reports discourage the routine use of a bone scan when the serum PSA level is <20 ng/mL. However, the present series suggests there is a greater chance of a positive bone scan in patients with low PSA levels; these findings need further confirmation.     

前列腺癌分期方法的临床评价

目的 :探讨临床参数对前列腺癌分期的临床意义。　方法 :通过病理诊断、MRI检查及全身骨扫描对 112例经前列腺活检病理证实的前列腺癌进行分期 ,结合血清前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、穿刺后Gleason评分、穿刺阳性针数百分率评价其临床意义。　结果 :112例前列腺癌中 ,血清PSA、Gleason评分、穿刺阳性针数百分率对前列腺癌分期有显著相关性 (r=0 .6 98,r=0 .6 74 ,r=0 .6 71,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,但对B期和C期前列腺癌的诊断差异无显著性 (χ2=2 .6 75 ,P =0 .0 96 ;χ2 =0 .70 4 ,P =0 .4 0 1) ,血清PSA较Gleason评分和穿刺阳性针数百分率对D期的诊断差异有显著性 (χ2 =5 .135 ,P =0 .0 2 3;χ2 =4 .5 93,P =0 .0 32 )。血清PSA、Gleason评分和穿刺阳性针数百分率的敏感性分别为 76 .7%、83.3%和 77.8% ,特异性为 5 0 %、77.3%和 5 4 .5 % ,准确性为 71.4 %、82 .1%和 73.2 %。　结论 :血清PSA、Gleason评分、穿刺阳性针数百分率可预测前列腺癌的分期 ,穿刺后Gleason评分对前列腺癌分期的预测较血清PSA和穿刺阳性针数百分率更准确。血清PSA对远处转移性前列腺癌的预测更有意义     

一例寡转移前列腺癌患者基于循证医学的多学科综合诊治报告

目的探讨基于循证医学寡转移前列腺癌的综合治疗模式,以期延长患者生存时间。 方法回顾性分析一例在我院行多学科协作诊治的寡转移前列腺癌患者临床资料,复习相关文献并予以讨论。 结果患者初诊PSA为60 μg/L,盆腔MRI考虑前列腺癌,双侧精囊受侵,左侧输尿管口受侵,全身骨扫描可见四处骨转移,前列腺穿刺活检诊断为前列腺腺泡癌,Gleason评分4+5=9分。患者自2016年5月起以雄激素剥夺治疗为基础,先后序贯行新辅助化疗、减瘤性根治性前列腺切除术、立体定向放疗、阿比特龙+泼尼松治疗及再次多西他赛化疗,随访至2018年12月,患者无明显疼痛不适,但PSA升高,出现新发骨转移灶。 结论循证医学给此类患者治疗选择带来更多的依据,多学科治疗模式可延长寡转移前列腺癌患者生存时间,改善生活质量。     

The role of prostate specific antigen in the baseline assessment of patients undergoing hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer

One hundred and thirty-nine patients with advanced prostate cancer were entered into a randomised trial to test the efficacy and tolerance of goserelin 3.6 mg depot (Zoladex) versus stilboestrol 3 mg/day. As well as the usual clinical and radiological assessments of extent of disease, we used an immunoradiometric assay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) (Hybritech Europe) and normal laboratory enzymatic assays of acid phosphatase (AP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) for biochemical assessment. The upper limit of normal for PSA was taken as 10 micrograms/l. The range of PSA was wide and differed significantly from that of AP and to a lesser extent ALKP in metastatic cases. PSA outperformed both AP and ALKP in both the local and advanced groups in terms of sensitivity. There was no correlation, however, between histological grade and level of PSA, AP or ALKP (the latter in cases with bone disease). In patients with metastatic disease diagnosed by bone scan, nine patients had one abnormal site/one "hot spot", and all of these had a PSA greater than twice the normal upper limit. Early death due to prostate cancer was noted in four patients with levels of PSA greater than 2500 micrograms/l. PSA is more sensitive than either enzymatic AP or ALKP in both locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer and is useful in identifying those advanced cases who have single lesions on bone scan. In this series PSA gave an overall sensitivity of 89%, compared with 63% for AP and 64% for ALKP in patients with metastatic disease.     

The criteria for avoiding unnecessary computerized tomography and bone scan in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: retrospective study of patients at Matsusaka Chuo General Hospital

PURPOSE: Staging for prostate cancer often includes computed tomography (CT) and bone scan in Japan. We examined the criteria of avoiding unnecessary CT and bone scan for the prostate cancer patients at Matsusaka Chuo General Hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 211 patients were newly diagnosed at our institution between 1998 September and 2004 April. We reviewed data from 208 patients who had a staging CT and bone scan. The data was analysed using Gleason score, clinical T-stage and serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level. RESULTS: CT detected lymphadenopathy in 19 patients (9.1%), Bone scan detected bone metastasis in 31 patients (14.9%). However there was no lymphadenopathy detected by CT in the patients with 20 ng/ml or less. In the analysis using PSA and Gleason score, there was no bone metastasis detected by bone scan in the patients with PSA level of 20 ng/ml or less and Gleason sum 7 or less. In the analysis using PSA and clinical local stage there was no bone metastasis detected by bone scan in the patients with PSA level of 20 ng/ml or less and localized lesion (cT1-2). CONCLUSION: In a new proatate cancer patient CT and bone scan can be avoidable by PSA level of 20 ng/ml or less and cT1-2 or less and Gleason sum 7 or less.     

Utility of Volume Adjusted Prostate Specific Antigen Density in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Arab Men

Background: This study was undertaken to assess the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density (PSAD) in discriminating between benign and malignant prostate disease in the Kuwaiti Arab population.Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients suspected of having prostate cancer because of serum PSA > 4 ng/ml, or detection of a prostatic nodule on rectal examination were further investigated by determination of PSAD, TRUS of prostate, sexant prostatic biopsy and histological analysis to establish the correct diagnosis. Other diagnostic measures included the determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity. Results: Of the 100 prostate biopsies that were performed, 33 cases were confirmed to be prostate cancer and 67 were described as benign lesions comprising benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with or without prostatitis. The age range for patients with prostate cancer was 42–90 years, and 52–90 years for those without prostate cancer. The mean prostate volume was 58.82 cc (range 9–177 cc) and 62.60 cc (range 15–140 cc), the mean PSA value was 36.65 ng/ml (range 5.8–200 ng/ml) and 16.49 ng/ml (range 1.4–46.0 ng/ml), while the mean PSAD was 0.92 (range 0.046–5.714) and 0.452 (range 0.034–2.294) for patients with prostate cancer and patients without prostate cancer respectively. Patients with PSA less than 4 ng/ml (3 cases) all had benign prostate lesions, and 7 cases with PSA more than 50 ng/ml all had prostate cancer and were excluded because values above 50 ng/ml have close to 100% specificity for prostate cancer. Further analysis was done on the remaining 90 cases which were patients with a PSA between 4 and 50 ng/ml. The discriminating power of serum PSA for detecting prostate cancer as estimated by the area under ROC was 0.686 while that for PSAD was 0.732. The maximum likelihood for a positive PSA was at a PSAD cut-off point of 0.32. For the PSA cut-off point of l0 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 80%, and specificity was 42.2%. For the PSAD cut-off point of 0.32, the sensitivity was 58% and the specificity 76.6%. Conclusions: Determination of PSAD is not a useful adjunct to serum PSA values in the range of 10–50 ng/ ml in our population. PSAD value less than 0.32 with PSA less than l0 ng/ml strongly suggests benign disease.     

骨髓瘤标与前列腺癌骨转移

为探讨骨髓ＰＳＡ和ＰＡＰ与前列腺癌骨转移的关系，对３１例前列腺癌患者，按同位素骨扫描结果，分为阴性组（１２例）和阳性组（１９例），分别检测骨髓及血清中ＰＳＡ和ＰＡＰ值。结果：两组骨髓ＰＳＡ值、ＰＳＰ值（Ｐ＜００５）差异有显著性，骨扫描阳性组各值高于阴性组。若以骨髓／血清ＰＳＡ比值０７０作阳性参考值，则预测前列腺癌骨转移的敏感性为８９５％，特异性为８３３％，提示骨髓ＰＳＡ、ＰＡＰ与前列腺癌骨转移密切相关，骨髓／血清ＰＳＡ比值可作为骨转移的诊断指标之一。