高原肺原性心脏病患者日间PaO2〉6.66kPa伴和不伴夜间碱…

目的：探讨高原肺原性心脏病（肺心病）夜间减氧饱和（ＮＯＤ）与生存的关系，方法：对４６例日间动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）〉６．６６ｋＰａ高原肺心病缓解患者日间动脉血分气分析，肺功能和夜间血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）连续监测，结果：（１）与非ＮＯＤ组比较，ＮＯＤ组日间ＰａＯ２明显低于非ＮＯＤ组，ＰａＣＯ２明显于非ＮＯＤ组，１秒钟用于呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１．０）／身高（Ｈｔ）ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ（用力肺活量），Ｖ５０     

创伤患者急性期血糖含量与血压,血氧饱和度的对比研究

探讨创伤患者急性期血糖（Ｇｌｕ）含量变化与动脉收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）及预后的关系。测定３１例创伤患者术前的Ｇｌｕ含量，结合ＳＢＰ、ＳａＯ２进行对比研究。结果：创伤组术前Ｇｌｕ（８．１４±２．４７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）与正常组（４．７２±１．３８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）比较有极显著性差异（ｔ＝６．３７，Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＳＢＰ＜８．０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）与＞８．０ｋＰａ组比较，Ｇｌｕ（１０．３２±２．３７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ比６．７４±１．３２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＳａＯ２（０．７４±０．３７比０．９１±０．１１）均有极显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．００１），并且ＳＢＰ越低，Ｇｌｕ越高，ＳａＯ２呈直线下降；术前Ｇｌｕ与患者的预后也显著相关，死亡组术前Ｇｌｕ（１２．５３±１．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显高于存活组（７．３５±１．５６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），而ＳＢＰ（４．２９±４．１３ｋＰａ）、ＳａＯ２（０．２９±０．０６）则明显低于存活组（分别为１０．８６±１．７８ｋＰａ和０．８８±０．０８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。作者结合文献复习就创伤患者高血糖的发生机制、对预后的影响及处理等问题进行了探讨     

高原肺原性心脏病患者日间PaO_2>6.66kPa伴和不伴夜间减氧饱和与生存的关系

目的：探讨高原肺原性心脏病（肺心病）夜间减氧饱和（ＮＯＤ）与生存的关系。方法：对４６例日间动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）＞６．６６ｋＰａ高原肺心病缓解期患者作日间动脉血气分析、肺功能和夜间血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）连续监测。结果：①与非ＮＯＤ组比较，ＮＯＤ组日间ＰａＯ２明显低于非ＮＯＤ组；ＰａＣＯ２明显高于非ＮＯＤ组；１秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１．０）／身高（Ｈｔ）、ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ（用力肺活量）、Ｖ５０／Ｈｔ、Ｖ２５／Ｈｔ也明显低于非ＮＯＤ组；ＮＯＤ组睡眠平均ＳａＯ２和最低ＳａＯ２明显低于非ＮＯＤ组；平均生存时间和５年生存率ＮＯＤ组明显低于非ＮＯＤ组。②ＦＥＶ１．０／Ｈｔ、ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ、Ｖ５０／Ｈｔ与生存时间也有相关性。③结论：高原肺心病ＮＯＤ与其预后有明显关系，ＦＥＶ１．０／Ｈｔ、ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ、Ｖ５０／Ｈｔ对判断预后也有价值，建议此类患者应监测夜间ＳａＯ２及进行长期氧疗。     

急性心肌梗塞患者血气和酸碱变化及其临床意义

对９１例首次急性心肌梗塞患者进行动脉血气分析。结果表明：（１）２５．２％（２３／９１）患者ＰａＯ２〈８．００ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）;４０．６％（３７／９１）患者ＰａＯ２〈９．３３ｋＰａ,其中１１例死亡,病死率明显高于ＰａＯ２〉９．３３ｋＰａ者（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＰａＯ２〈８．００ｋＰａ的１１例患者中９例死亡,病死率明显高于ＰａＯ２８．００～９．３３ｋＰａ者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。（２）９１例患     

用允许性高碳酸血症并机械通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征疗效观察

目的：观察应用允许性高碳酸血症的机械通气方法治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）的疗效。方法：９例ＡＲＤＳ患者，应用低潮气量（ＶＴ，平均为５．５２ｍｌ／ｋｇ），呼气末正压通气（ＰＥＥＰ）为（０．８６±０．１８）ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝１０．２０ｃｍＨ２Ｏ），ＦｉＯ２为０．５５±０．１７，允许一定限度的呼吸性酸中毒存在（ｐＨ≥７．２０），使动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）维持≥７．３０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）。结果：９例患者中存活６例（６６．７％），其ｐＨ均值为７．４２±０．０５，ＰａＣＯ２均值为（５．６０±０．５７）ｋＰａ，ＰａＯ２均值为（９．１４±０．６７）ｋＰａ，ＳａＯ２均值为０．９２±０．０３。结论：允许性高碳酸血症的机械通气方法治疗ＡＲＤＳ值得推广。     

急性心肌梗塞患者血气和酸碱变化及其临床意义

对９１例首次急性心肌梗塞患者进行动脉血气分析。结果表明：①２５．２％（２３／９１）患者ＰａＯ２＜８．００ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），４０．６％（３７／９１）患者ＰａＯ２＜９．３３ｋＰａ。ＰａＯ２＜９．３３ｋＰａ的３７例中１１例死亡，病死率明显高于ＰａＯ２＞９．３３ｋＰａ者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰａＯ２＜８．００ｋＰａ的１１例患患者中９例死亡，病死率明显高于ＰａＯ２８．００～９．３３ｋＰａ者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。②９１例患者中８２例发生不同类型酸碱失衡（９０．１％），３８例混合型酸碱失衡者１３例死亡，病死率明显高于单纯性酸碱失衡者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｐＨ＞７．５００者１４例中９例死亡，病死率明显高于ｐＨ７．３００～７．５００者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。③９１例患者ｐＨ为７．４６５±０．０６９。提示：动脉血气分析有利于对心肌梗塞患者的预后和病情判断及指导治疗。     

重型颅脑伤患者颈静脉血氧饱和度的监测及其临床意义

目的：探讨重型颅脑创伤后颈静脉血氧饱和度（ＳｊＯ２）的变化以及临床意义。方法：重型颅脑创伤患者３３例，格拉斯哥昏迷评分（ＧＣＳ）平均５．４６分，入院后经皮穿刺颈内静脉留置导管，监测ＳｊＯ２，同时监测颅内压（ＩＣＰ）、动脉氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）、脉搏氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）以及颈静脉、动脉血气水平，每８小时测１次，监测１～７天。结果：３３例患者中有２５例出现脑氧不饱和状态，其中脑充血１９例，脑缺氧６例。创伤程度和颅内压影响ＳｊＯ２，并密切相关（创伤程度：ｒ＝－０．８７７，Ｐ＜０．００１；颅内压：ｒ＝０．４６８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：严重颅脑创伤后，脑充血（脑过度灌注）较为常见，并与颅内压密切相关；ＳｊＯ２增高提示脑过度灌注。重型颅脑伤后若ＳｊＯ２持续０．５０或＞０．７０都表明预后不良。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征夜间低氧血症与室性心律失常的关系

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＯＳＡＳ）患者夜间低氧血症与室性心律失常的相互关系。方法：选择拟诊ＯＳＡＳ患者６０例和正常对照组２０名进行多导睡眠图检查。结果：①ＯＳＡＳ组中，睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（ＡＨＩ）、动脉血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）降低大于０．０４总次数、ＳａＯ２低于０．９０的时间及其降低幅度均明显高于正常对照组（均Ｐ〈０．００１）；睡眠中ＳａＯ２最低值、平均值均低于对照组（均Ｐ〈０．００     

多脏器功能失常综合征患者肺功能受损的动态诊断

目的：探讨多脏器功能失常综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）患者肺功能受损的动态诊断方法，以达早期诊治，降低患者病死率。方法：将我院感染内科１９８１年１月～１９９６年１２月收住的２００例ＭＯＤＳ患者按肺功能受损的程度分为４组，即０组、１组、２组、３组分别代表肺功能评分为０、１、２、３分的患者。首先，筛选出０组与１组、１组与２组、２组与３组之间有显著性差异的指标；其次，将这些有差异的指标作自变量，用分级诊断得分作因变量，分别在０组与１组、１组与２组、２组与３组之间作多因素逐步判别分析，进一步筛选出能反映肺功能受损程度动态变化的指标。结果：呼吸频率（ＲＲ）的增快和动脉血肺泡氧分压比值（ａ／ＡＰＯ２）的降低是１组与２组患者最主要的变化；动脉氧分压／吸入氧浓度比值（ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２）降低和ＲＲ增快是３组患者的最主要变化。结论：《多脏器功能失常综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）病情分期诊断及严重程度评分标准》基本上反映了肺功能受损程度的变化；对肺功能受损尤其是初期患者，除ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２值外还应根据ａ／ＡＰＯ２的降低情况判断其受损程度；动脉血肺泡氧分压差、呼吸指数、肺内分流、动脉血二氧化碳分压和Ｘ线胸片可作为判断病情的参考指标。     

加用纳洛酮救治急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效分析

目的研究综合治疗同时加用纳洛酮（Ｎａｌｏｘｏｅｎ，ＮＬＸ）救治急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＤＲＳ）的疗效。方法将我院同期ＡＤＲＳ患者随机分为综合治疗组（对照组，３１例），ＮＬＸ治疗组（３３例），于治疗前、治疗后４小时、１２小时、２４小时分别检测动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）、动脉血氧合指数（ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２）水平。结果ＮＬＸ治疗组及对照组治疗后２４小时，ＰａＯ２值分别为１１．８６±０．６４ｋＰａ，９．１４±０．２６ｋＰａ；ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２值分别为３６．６±１．４ｋＰａ，２２．４±１．７ｋＰａ。两组病死率分别为１８．２％，４５．１％，差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论加用ＮＬＸ救治ＡＲＤＳ可快速纠正严重低氧血症，改善肺气体交换功能，明显降低病死率，是临床救治ＡＲＤＳ时一种安全、有效的方法     

新生儿动脉血氧饱和度与经皮血氧饱和度对临床的指导意义

目的比较新生儿动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)与标本采集前病儿在安静状态下所测的经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2)两种监测结果的异同,探索联合观察两种结果对临床的指导意义。方法方便性抽样选取2010年6-12月慈溪市人民医院新生儿重症监护病房患儿42例,对其SaO2与血气标本采集前SpO2作对照观察。结果当动脉血氧分压高于90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)时,两种方法氧饱和度值相对一致(P>0.05)。当血氧分压低于90mmHg时,SpO2高于SaO2;随着氧分压下降,两者差距越加明显。SpO2范围与发生SaO2<85%的概率分别为:低于85%时占100%;85%～95%时占30.3%;>95%时占0.7%。结论新生儿SaO2和SpO2的结果随氧分压变化而呈现不同,观察两者间距有助于判断患儿对缺氧的耐受程度及对氧疗时高血氧的识别。动脉血标本的采集会使部分患儿的氧饱和度下跌致安全范围以下,当患儿原本处于低氧状态时,氧饱和度下跌更加明显,临床上应加以重视。     

“30-60-90”规则在新生儿氧疗中的应用

目的 观察采用“30-60-90”规则滴定调节新生儿吸入氧浓度的相关指标变化.方法 选择需要吸氧的新生儿100例,其中早产儿50例,足月儿50例,用脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪监测脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2);采用“30-60-90”规则按照目标SpO2滴定调节吸入氧浓度,稳定半小时后进行血气分析;计算符合要求的调节成功率,用双变量相关分析对SpO2和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)进行相关性分析.结果 达到PaO2目标范围的调节成功率早产儿为88％,足月儿为92％,平均为90％.经相关分析,早产儿组SpO2和SaO2,以及SpO2和PaO2之间均存在正相关关系(r值分别为0.765,0.593;P =0.000);足月儿组SpO2和SaO2,以及SpO2和PaO2之间均存在正相关关系(r值分别为0.778,0.726;P=0.000).早产儿SpO2和SaO2数值均低于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.175,-2.409;P ＜0.05);两组之间PaO2数值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 “30-60-90”规则是十分方便和有效的床边指导新生儿氧疗的规则,值得推广实施.     

控制性肺膨胀改善食管癌术后低氧血症病人氧合的疗效探讨

目的观察控制性肺膨胀在食管癌术后防治低氧血症的疗效。方法随机对照设立应用控制性肺膨胀组26例,对照组26例,观察呼吸频率,心率,血氧饱和度和氧分压等氧合指标变化。结果30min后．SaO2从0．90±0．025升高到0．95±0．028,1h后Pa02从10．0±1．66kPa升高到12．1±2．27kPa。24-72h的持续监测SaO2和PaO2亦保持在0．97～0．98和13．1～13．2kPa。与对照组相比,控制性肺膨胀治疗后SaO2和PaO2提高速度快,且能较长时间维持在稳定水平。结论应用控制性肺膨胀能有效防治食管癌术后早期低氧血症病人急性呼吸衰竭的发生。     

胎儿心腔内强回声灶(EIF)与胎儿脐血血气分析数据关联性的研究

目的:探讨胎儿心腔内强回声灶(EIF)的出现与胎儿脐血血气分析数据的关联性。方法:征得胎儿家属同意后,选取2011年1月-2018年12月期间所发现的100例心腔内出现强回声灶(直径>1.0mm)的中晚期妊娠胎儿作为观察组,另外选取100例胎儿超声影像检查正常、出生时Apgar评分10分的胎儿作为对照组,征得胎儿家属同意后,两组胎儿出生后在其第一声啼哭(即新生儿自主呼吸建立)前立即抽取脐动脉血0.1ml进行血气分析,重点检测酸碱度(pH)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧分压(PaO2)、氧饱和度(SaO2)四项指标,并跟踪两组新生儿的临床过程,一周后在征得两组新生儿家属同意前提下,复查两组新生儿的动脉血气分析和心脏彩超。结果:1.观察组新生儿自主呼吸前血气分析结果平均值如下:酸碱度(pH)7.0,二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)63 mmHg,氧分压(PaO2)28 mmHg,氧饱和度(SaO2)40%;对照组新生儿自主呼吸前血气分析结果平均值如下:酸碱度(pH)7.1,二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)61.5 mmHg,氧分压(PaO2)29 mmHg,氧饱和度(SaO2)42%,(P<0.05)组间数据差异具有统计学意义;2.观察组新生儿出生一周后复查血气分析结果平均值如下:酸碱度(pH)7.4,二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)41mmHg,氧分压(PaO2)90mmHg,氧饱和度(SaO2)97%;对照组新生儿出生一周后复查血气分析结果平均值如下:酸碱度(pH)7.4,二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)40mmHg,氧分压(PaO2)90mmHg,氧饱和度(SaO2)97.5%。(1mmHg=0.133 kPa),(P>0.05)组间数据差异无统计学意义。观察组的胎儿心腔内强回声灶(EIF)在出生一周后复查心脏彩超发现全部自行消失,妊娠结局与对照组大致相同。结论:胎儿心腔内强回声灶(EIF)的出现、消失与胎儿动脉血血氧水平的差异变化有一定关联性,流经胎儿左心腔与冠状动脉灌注的动脉血血氧水平越低,出现心腔内强回声灶几率就越大。而无合并其他异常的单纯胎儿心腔内强回声灶(EIF)的出现与胎儿畸形和先天性心脏病并无密切关系。其绝大部分胎儿心腔内强回声灶位于瓣膜腱索或乳头肌腱索交接处的原因,以及产生的机理、临床意义,则有待进一步研究。     

Venous oxygen measurements in the inferior vena cava in neonates with respiratory failure

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of venous oxygen measurements in the inferior vena cava (IVC) via a catheter through the umbilical vein. This may serve as a proxy for mixed venous oxygenation and the complications of right atrial cannulation can be avoided at the same time. It has the added advantage of not being affected by atrial right-left shunting. RESULTS: The study included 22 neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory insufficiency. The success rate of catheterization of the IVC via the umbilical vein was 81% and there was no catheter-related complications. Fifty paired blood samples were obtained and analyzed while the patients were hemodynamically stable. Linear regression analysis showed a poor correlation between arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and the arterial-venous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O2], r = -0.005, and between PaO2 and the fractional oxygen extraction (FOE), r = -0.114. There was also a poor correlation between arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and C(a-v)O2, r = -0.057, and between SaO2 and FOE, r =-0.139. The correlations between venous oxygen tension (PvO2) and C(a-v)O2 and between PvO2 and FOE were r = -0.528 and r = 0.592, respectively. There were good correlations between various oxygen saturation (SvO2) and C(a-v)O2, r = -0.634, and between SvO2 FOE, r = -0.712. CONCLUSION: Venous oxygen measurement in the IVC via an umbilical vein catheter is a simple and safe procedure and provides information about the tissue oxygenation status of critically ill neonates.     

Oxygen desaturation in adults following inhaled metaproterenol therapy

Following bronchodilator therapy in asthmatic patients, a fall in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) has been attributed to increased perfusion of persistently underventilated alveoli. We used continuous noninvasive pulse oximetry to evaluate the extent and timing of oxygen saturation (SaO2) decrease in adults following metaproterenol inhalation for acute bronchospasm. We also examined the effect of supplemental oxygen upon these factors. Baseline and peak drop in SaO2 after completion of the first bronchodilator therapy were measured and the percent change in SaO2 was calculated. A total of 47 patient visits were studied; 10 patients received supplemental oxygen. Mean age was 38 +/- 17.9 years. Baseline was SaO2 = 94.6 +/- 2.9%, peak drop SaO2 = 91.4 +/- 3.4%, and percent change in SaO2 = -3.4 +/- 2.5%. The mean time to peak drop was 24.4 +/- 15.4 minutes in the 40 patients, with an observed drop after initial treatment. The absolute change in SaO2 from baseline was significant both with and without oxygen (P less than .05 and less than .01, respectively). The group receiving oxygen had a significantly smaller percent drop and a larger proportion of patients showing no drop in SaO2 (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.03, respectively). Clinically significant oxygen desaturation can occur within 30 minutes of inhaled bronchodilator therapy. Supplemental oxygen (2-3 L/min) helps blunt the metaproterenol-induced drop in SaO2.     

Relationship of pulse oximetry to arterial oxygen tension in infants

Pulse oximetry is a useful technique for noninvasive oxygen monitoring in sick infants. We simultaneously measured oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and on arterial blood samples by co-oximetry as well as PaO2 and the relative content of fetal (F) and adult hemoglobin in order to evaluate the reliability of pulse oximetry. Comparisons were made in triplicate in ten infants with acute cardiorespiratory disease less than 7 days of age and in 11 infants with chronic lung disease greater than 28 days of age. Oxygen saturation pulse oximetry and arterial saturation were well correlated over a wide range of saturation values. In infants with chronic lung disease, PO2 derived from pulse oximetry was within 10 torr of measured PaO2 in 73% of comparisons. In contrast, calculated PaO2 was within 10 torr of measured PaO2 in only 50% of comparisons in patients with acute disorders. The chronic infants all had less than 10% hemoglobin F, but in the acute infants, hemoglobin F ranged from 26% to 83%. Nonetheless, correction of oxygen dissociation curves for type of hemoglobin in these acute infants failed to improve the correlation between calculated and measured PaO2. We conclude that pulse oximetry saturations and their derived PaO2 values correlated well with measured arterial saturation and PaO2 obtained from arterial blood samples in neonates with chronic lung disease and prolonged oxygen dependence. In infants with acute cardiorespiratory problems, pulse oximetry unreliably reflects PaO2, but may be useful in detecting clinical deterioration.     

Continuous, in vivo pulmonary venous admixture from fiberoptically measured hemoglobin saturations

In six anesthetized swine, pulmonary venous admixture (Qsp/Qt) was calculated by four methods: a) Qsp/Qt 1, fiberoptically measured arterial and mixed venous Hgb saturation (SaO2 and SvO2), PaO2 and PvO2 derived from saturations; b) Qsp/Qt 2, fiberoptically measured SaO2 and SvO2, PaO2 and PvO2 measured by blood gas analysis; c) Qsp/Qt 3, PaO2 and PvO2 measured by blood gas analysis, SaO2 and SvO2 derived from tensions; d) Qsp/Qt 4, SaO2 and SvO2 measured by bench oximetry, PaO2 and PvO2 derived from saturations. Input from the fiberoptic catheters was fed into a computer programmed to calculate Qsp/Qt 1 every 20 sec. Fifty-eight of these values were compared with simultaneously calculated Qsp/Qt 2, 3, and 4. There was no difference between fiberoptic and derived SaO2 or fiberoptic and cooximetric SvO2. Correlations and slopes for Qsp/Qt 1 with Qsp/Qt 2, 3, and 4 were significant (p less than .05). Comparing mean differences, Qsp/Qt 1 was significantly different only from Qsp/Qt 3 (p less than .01). We conclude that dual oximetry reliably tracks Qsp/Qt.     

高呼气末正压加肺复张治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征

目的 评价高呼气末正压(PEEP)加肺复张(RM)治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的临床疗效和安全性.方法 选择2008年6月至2010年5月贵阳医学院附属医院内科重症监护病房(MICU)收治的ARDS患者38例,按信封法随机分为RM组和非RM组,每组19例.两组均采用压力支持通气(PSV)模式行机械通气,尽可能在吸入氧浓度(FiO2)＜0.60时达到目标氧合的最小PEEP水平,限制平台压≤30 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa).RM时FiO2调至1.00,压力支持水平调至0,将PEEP升至40 cm H2O,持续30 s后再降低,8 h 1次,连续5 d.记录基础状态和5 d内的机械通气参数、血气分析结果及生命体征,比较两组氧合改善和肺损伤指标变化,观察RM的不良反应和气压伤发生率.结果 ①两组患者基础状态及机械通气参数均无明显差异.②两组动脉血氧分压(PaO2)和氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)均明显改善,且RM组明显优于非RM组[PaO2(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)2 d:85.8±21.3比73.5±18.7,3 d:88.6±22.8比74.3±19.8,4 d:98.8±30.7比79.3±19.3,5 d:105.5±29.4比84.4±13.8;PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg)4 d:221.8±103.5比160.3±51.4,5 d:239.6±69.0比176.8±45.5,均P＜0.05].③两组呼出气冷凝液(EBC)中过氧化氢(H2O2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均呈下降趋势,RM组下降幅度更明显[5 d时H2O2(μmol/L):0.04±0.02比0.10±0.03;IL-6(ng/L):4.12±2.09比9.26±3.47,均P＜0.05].④两组均无气压伤发生,心率无明显变化,无心律失常发生,中心静脉压和平均动脉压无明显变化.结论 高PEEP加RM可增加气体交换,改善氧合,减少呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VALI).应用RM比较安全,耐受性好,临床观察未见低氧血症、气压伤和血流动力学异常.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety degree of high positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with lung recruitment maneuver (RM) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods Thirty-eight patients in medical intensive care unit (MICU) of Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College suffering from ARDS admitted from June 2008 to May 2010 were enrolled in the study. With the envelope method they were randomized into RM group and non-RM group, with n= 19 in each group. All patients received protective ventilation: pressure support ventilation (PSV) with plateau pressure limited at 30 cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0. 098 kPa) or lower. PEEP was set at the minimum level with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ＜0. 60 and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) kept between 60 and 80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa). RM was conducted by regulating FiO2 to 1.00, support pressure to 0, PEEP increased to 40 cm H2O and maintained for 30 seconds before lowering, and this maneuver was repeated every 8 hours for a total of 5 days. Base status, ventilation parameters, blood gas analysis and vital signs were obtained at baseline and for the next 5 days. Oxygenation status and lung injury indexes were compared between RM group and non-RM group, the adverse effects of (PaO2/FiO2) were both increased in RM group and non-RM group, but the values were higher in RM group [PaO2 (mm Hg) 2 days: 85.8± 21.3 vs. 73. 5± 18. 7, 3 days : 88. 6± 22. 8 vs. 74. 3 ±19. 8, 4 days : 98. 8 ±30. 7 vs. 79. 3±19. 3, 5 days: 105.5±29.4 vs. 84. 4±13. 8; PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg) 4 days: 221.8±103. 5 vs.interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) decreased in both groups but lower in RM group with significant difference [5 days H2O(μmol/L): 0. 04 ± 0. 02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.03 ; IL-6 (ng/L):No significant changes in heart rate were found during RM. Central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure remained unchanged after RM. Conclusion High level PEEP combined with RM can improve gas exchange and oxygenation, decrease ventilator associated lung injury (VALI). RM was safe and had good tolerance, no hypoxemia, barotrauma and hemodynamic instability were observed.