抗PR3抗体和抗MPO抗体的检测及临床研究

目的探讨抗蛋白酶-3(PR3)抗体、抗髓过氧化物酶(MPO)抗体和抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA),在系统性血管炎患者中的检测及临床意义。方法对251例临床确诊为系统性血管炎和其他自身免疫性疾病患者血清,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测抗PR3抗体和抗MPO抗体;用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测ANCA,并进行回顾性分析。结果①251例系统性血管炎患者与非血管炎病人的检测,经χ2检验,P<0.01,差异均有非常显著性。②33例韦格纳肉芽肿病(WG)患者主要表现为PR3和颗粒型抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(cANCA)阳性均为22例,阳性率为67%;非血管炎病人,27例溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者检测MPO和核周型抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(pANCA)阳性分别为13和14例,阳性率分别是48%和52%;104例SLE患者检测MPO和pANCA阳性分别为19例、24例,阳性率分别为18%和23%。③ELISA法和IIF法阳性率,经χ2检验差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论PR3、MPO抗体作为系统性血管炎的一种敏感标记抗体,有利于该疾病的早期治疗。     

抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体的检出率及其靶抗原研究

目的　了解抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体 (ANCA)阳性检出率、流行病学特点及其靶抗原。方法　应用间接免疫荧光法 (IIF)、抗髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)和抗蛋白酶 3(PR3)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对近年送检的怀疑小血管炎的 5 6 0 4例患者血清进行了检测 ,对IIF ANCA阳性而抗MPO和抗PR3抗体均阴性的血清还进行了其他 5种ANCA特异性靶抗原的检测。并初步对ANCA阳性患者流行病学特点进行分析。结果　IIF ANCA检出率为 5 3% ,阳性检出最多在 7、8及 12月份。另外所有血清中有 390例 (7% )ANA阳性。所有血清进行抗MPO和抗PR3 ELISA检测 ,抗MPO抗体阳性 2 13例 ,抗PR3抗体阳性 32例 ,两者同时阳性 5例。 4 8例不识别MPO和PR3而IIF法阳性的血清中 13例识别其他已知靶抗原 ,识别杀菌 /通透性增高蛋白 (BPI)、人弹力蛋白酶 (HLE)、组蛋白酶G (CG)、天青杀素 (AZU)和乳铁蛋白 (LF)等靶抗原的血清分别为 7、5、1、1、0例 ,其中 1例为抗BPI和抗HLE ANCA同时阳性。 85 %的IIF ANCA阳性患者确诊为ANCA相关小血管炎。这些患者中 ,抗MPO和抗PR3的比例约为 7∶1:男女比例为 1∶1 12 ,年龄 7～ 79岁 ,平均 5 3 1岁 ,>6 0岁的老年人男女比例为 1 17∶1,而年龄 <2 0岁患者男女比例为 1∶4。结论　ANCA相关疾病在我国并不少见 ,以IIF法检     

65例系统性红斑狼疮患者抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体的检测分析

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的关系及临床意义.方法回顾性分析65例SLE患者的ANCA检测结果; ANCA与SLE主要临床表现、实验室检查结果的关系; SLE患者病情活动组与非活动组ANCA阳性率的比较.结果 IIF法检测ANCA在SLE中的阳性率是61.5 %,ANCA阳性组中有血管炎皮损(67.5 %)及浆膜炎(55.0 %)者明显高于阴性组(P<0.05);同时ANCA阳性组与阴性组比较,在24 h尿蛋白大于0.5 g/L,血红蛋白低于90 g/L,抗ds-DNA抗体阳性,低补体血症方面差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论提示ANCA可能是判断SLE病情复发与缓解的一个有用指标,推测ANCA与活动性狼疮肾炎有关.     

ANCA水平检测对判断系统性红斑狼疮活动性和伴肺间质病变的检测意义

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）伴肺间质病变（ILD）中的临床意义。方法用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）及免疫印迹法方法，检测97例SLE患者血清中的ANCA、抗dsDNA抗体、多种自身抗体及补体。采用全胸片及肺高分辨率CT（HRCT）检查，了解97例SLE患者伴ILD的情况。结果①97例SLE患者26例ANCA阳性，均为核周型（pANCA），阳性率为27％。（2）ANCA阳性组患者的抗dsDNA抗体的增高、补体（C3、C4）的下降及血沉（ESR）增高与ANCA阴性组相比，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（3）6例ANCA阳性组患者，HRCT显示其中20例伴ILD（77％），71例ANCA阴性组患者，伴ILD30例（42％），ANCA阳性组的ILD发病率明显高于阴性组，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论ANCA阳性的SLE患者。对判断SLE活动性及伴ILD具有一定的临床价值。     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体在肾炎综合征中的检测及其临床意义

目的　探讨检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 (ANCA)及其靶抗原在肾炎综合征中的临床意义。方法　应用间接免疫荧光 (IIF)法检测 10 0例肾炎综合征患者血清抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 ,对其阳性的 2 9例用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA )检测靶抗原髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)和蛋白酶 3(PR3 )。结果　IIF检测肾炎综合征ANCA阳性率为 2 9% ,其中胞浆型 10 %、核周型 19%。急进型肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、紫癜性肾炎阳性率分别为 5 6%、2 0 %和 15 %。ELISA急进性肾炎和紫癜性肾炎大多数识别靶抗原MPO ,狼疮性肾炎ANCA不识别MPO或PR3。结论　ANCA在急进性肾炎和狼疮性肾炎中阳性率较高 ,检测ANCA对判断狼疮性肾炎活动及疗效具有参考价值     

抗蛋白酶-3抗体在韦格纳肉芽肿病和其他血管炎中的临床应用研究

目的探讨抗蛋白酶-3(PR3)抗体在韦格纳肉芽肿病(WG)和其他血管炎患者中的表达和临床意义。方法选取2001年3月至2006年7月山西医科大学第二医院确诊的住院患者576例。系统性血管炎组111例,其中9例WG(包含21份跟踪随访血清)；结缔组织病(CTD)组403例；各型肾小球疾病患者62例及健康对照30名,均采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测抗PR3抗体、抗髓过氧化物酶(MPO)抗体；采用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA),观察抗PR3与ANCA在WG和其他血管炎中的阳性率,且追踪WG治疗前后抗PR3吸光度值和ANCA的滴度变化。结果588例血清中抗PR3抗体阳性23例,分别为WG 15例(15/21,71．4％)；系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)6例(6/213,2．8％)：类风湿关节炎(RA)1例(1/135,0．7％)；混合结缔组织病(MCTD)1例。大动脉炎、白塞病,过敏性紫癜等常见的原发性系统性血管炎、肾病组、健康对照组未发现抗PR3抗体阳性。抗PR3抗体和胞质型ANCA(cANCA)在WG中阳性率最高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。抗PR3对WG诊断的敏感性71．42％,特异性98．58％。联合应用抗PR3与cANCA诊断WG的敏感性61．90％,特异性99．82％。抗PR3吸光度值、ANCA的滴度及伯明翰血管活动度评分(BVAS)随治疗好转下降。结论抗PR3抗体是诊断WG的一种敏感、特异标记抗体,抗PR3抗体和ANCA同时在临床应用,有利于WC和其他系统性血管炎的早期诊断和鉴别诊断。抗PR3抗体还可作为临床疗效观察指标。     

系统性血管炎抗内皮细胞抗体与抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体的相关性初探

目的以来源于大小血管内皮细胞的两种永生细胞株为底物,检测系统性血管炎血清中抗内皮细胞抗体(AECA),分析其与抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)的相关性。方法细胞酶联免疫吸附试验(Cyto-ELISA)法检测血清中AECA;间接免疫荧光法(IIF)及抗抗体结合内皮细胞表面的蛋白酶3(PR3)、抗MPO-ELISA检测血清中ANCA;IIF及抗PR3、抗MPO-ELISA检测细胞株中PR3及MPO;反转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测细胞株中PR3及MPOmRNA。结果AECAEA(EA.hy926为底物所测AECA)阳性率33.6%(41/122),AECAHMEC(HMEC-1为底物所测AECA)37.7%(46/122),ANCA35.3%(43/122),AECAEA或AECAHMEC与ANCA串联诊断系统性血管炎敏感性分别为59.8%(73/122)或60.7%(74/122)。AECAEA与ANCA,AECAHMEC与ANCA分别行配对字2检验,差异均无显著性(P>0.05),符合率仅分别为49.2%及51.6%。EA.hy926和HMEC-1中蛋白水平及mRNA水平均无PR3和MPO的表达。结论EA.hy926与HMEC-1中无PR3、MPO蛋白水平的表达,ANCA与AECA可能是两种相互独立的抗体,串联检测可提高诊断敏感性。     

抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）与系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的相关性及其临床意义。方法收集活动组和非活动组各50例SLE患者的临床和实验室资料,间接免疫荧光（IIF）方法检测患者血清ANCA,AN-CA阳性者加做髓过氧物酶（MPO）、蛋白酶3（PR3）的酶联免疫检测（ELISA）。结果①活动组SLE患者ANCA阳性率（64.0%）高于非活动组（20.0%）及对照组（2.0%）（P均〈0.05）;②ANCA阳性组与阴性组比较,在临床表现（胸膜炎、心包炎、肾损害方面）2、4 h尿蛋白〉0.5 g/d、抗ds-DNA抗体阳性、低补体血症方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;③ANCA阳性的狼疮肾炎组MPO-ANCA阳性率（71.4%）高于非狼疮肾炎组（25.0%）,P=0.038。结论 ANCA与SLE发病和疾病活动有关,可能是判断SLE病情复发与缓解的一个有用指标;MPO-ANCA可能和狼疮肾炎存在密切相关性。     

426例抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性小血管炎患者多系统临床表现和肾脏病理分析

目的 分析426例抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关性小血管炎患者多系统的临床和病理表现。方法 回顾性分析我院1997年-2004年6月检测并明确诊断的426例ANCA相关性小血管炎患者的临床病理资料。结果 426例患者中,70例胞浆型ANCA（cANCA）阳性,均识别蛋白酶3（PR3）;354例环核型ANCA（pANCA）阳性,均识别髓过氧化物酶（MPO）。201例（47．2％,201／426）患者是在发病后3个月内确诊。临床表现呈多器官受累,其中cANCA阳性者皮疹、关节痛、眼、鼻受累的发生率显著高于pANCA阳性者,而pANCA阳性者。肾脏受累和乏力的发生率显著高于cANCA阳性者。多数患者有贫血,血沉增快,C反应蛋白增高。采用糖皮质激素联合环磷酰胺进行强化免疫抑制治疗,诱导缓解期的缓解率为88．5％。结论 ANCA相关性小血管炎在我国并非少见,临床表现呈多器官受累,ANCA检测有助于早期诊断。     

酶联免疫吸附测定法检测抗髓过氧化物酶IgG亚型分布及其临床意义

目的：观察抗髓过氧化物酶（MPO）IgG各亚型（IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4)在小血管炎患者的分布及其与临床病情的关系,以探讨IgG亚型是否能更准确地反映病情变化。方法：选取30例抗MPO抗体阳性的原发性小血管炎患者,对其活动期和缓解期血清采用抗原特异性ELISA法分别测定活动期抗MPO IgG各亚型的阳性率及缓解期的转阴率,并与抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）总IgG的变化进行对比。结果：临床活动期抗MPO－ANCA IgG的4种亚型均为阳性,以IgG4最高;而缓解期以IgG1和IgG3下降为著,其中IgG3的转阴率最高,且显著高于总IgG。结论：IgG3的变化与病情活动密切相关,在一定程度上可以代替总IgG监测病情的发展。IgG4在疾病的活动期与缓解期都显著增高,可能与反复的抗原刺激和慢性的免疫反应有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.