脊椎损伤的X线诊断

目的：提高X线诊断脊柱损伤价值的认识。方法：分析158例脊柱骨折的X线表现与CT表现。结果：158例207个椎体骨折中,单纯椎体骨折106例,多个椎体骨折32例,单纯屈曲压缩型133例,爆裂型21例,骨折脱位型4例。结论：X线平片是检查脊柱损伤的基本方法,X线平片表现较难区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折,侧位片上椎体后缘线不连续（成角、后移）是诊断爆裂型椎体骨折较可靠的征象。CT检查是脊柱损伤必要的补充手段,能明显区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折,对骨折的分型、判断脊柱失稳、骨性椎管受损,脊髓压迫程度及对制定治疗方案均有重要价值。     

胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的CT诊断及其与X线平片对比分析

目的 比较CT扫描与X线平片对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的诊断价值。方法 回顾性对照分析78例胸腰椎骨折的X线平片与CT表现。结果 78例96节胸腰椎爆裂型骨折中,单椎体骨折者64例,多椎体骨折者14例。以CT扫描为诊断标准,近30％X线平片将爆裂型骨折误诊为单纯压缩型骨折。结论 X线平片虽是脊柱损伤的基本检查手段,但部分病例X线平片较难区分单纯压缩型骨折和爆裂型骨折。CT检查能明确爆裂型骨折类型、判断脊柱失稳及椎管受累程度,对X线平片观察发现有压缩型骨折者应作常规CT扫描。     

胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的CT诊断及其与X线平片对比分析

目的比较CT扫描与X线平片对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的诊断价值。方法回顾性对照分析78例胸腰椎骨折的X线平片与CT表现。结果 78例96节胸腰椎爆裂型骨折中,单椎体骨折64例,多椎体骨折14例。以CF扫描为诊断标准,近30%X线平片将爆裂型骨折误诊为单纯压缩型骨折。结论X线平片虽是脊柱损伤的基本检查手段,但部分病例X线平片较难区分单纯压缩型骨折和爆裂型骨折。CT检查能明确爆裂型骨折类型、判断脊柱失稳及椎管受累程度,对X线平片观察发现有压缩型骨折应作常规CT扫描。     

胸腰椎骨折的CT诊断及与X线平片对照分析(附72例报告)

目的：提高ＣＴ诊断脊柱损伤价值的认识。方法：对照分析７２例胸腰椎骨折的Ｘ线平片与ＣＴ表现。结果：７２例９５节胸腰椎骨折中,单椎体骨折者５４例,多椎体骨折者１８例。单纯屈曲压缩型２１例,爆裂型４１例,骨折脱位型１０例。结论：Ｘ线平片是脊柱损伤的基本检查手段。有时仅凭Ｘ线平片表现较难区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型。椎体后缘线异常是Ｘ线平片诊断爆裂骨折的重要指征。ＣＴ是检查脊柱损伤必要的补充手段,能明确区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折;对骨折分型、判断脊柱失稳、椎管受累程度以及制定治疗方案均有重要价值。     

脊柱骨折X线和CT诊断分析

目的 :讨论脊柱骨折X线和CT诊断价值。方法 :根据脊柱外伤机制、脊柱三柱解剖结构和椎管狭窄程度 ,分析 83例同时作X线和CT检查脊柱骨折病例。结果 :CT能清楚显示脊柱骨折、椎管狭窄、脊髓受压或损伤的程度。本组单纯压缩骨折占 2 6 .5 % ,爆裂骨折占 2 1.3 % ,骨折脱位型占 12 .3 % ,X线侧位片PVBL线 43例光滑 ,40例有不同程度异常 ,CT扫描诊断稳定性骨折 40例 ,不稳定性骨折 43例 ,椎管无狭窄 17例 ,狭窄 10例。结论 :CT和X线对脊柱骨折的诊断、分型及指导临床治疗有重要价值     

X线平片和CT在脊柱骨折诊断中的联合应用价值

目的：评价常规X线和CT扫描二种影像方法在脊柱骨折诊断中联合应用的价值。方法：对120例X线平片和CT扫描诊断为脊柱骨折的病例进行对照分析。结果：120例中椎体骨折共144个，76例X线侧位片椎体后缘连线（PVBL线）光滑，44例有不同程度异常。CT扫描稳定性骨折59例，不稳定性骨折61例，三柱骨折中椎管无狭窄10例，狭窄23例。结论：脊柱外伤性骨折影像诊断应注重常规X线平片和CT扫描检查的互补作用。X线片仍是首选检查方法，有利于多个椎体连续或跳跃性同时骨折的检出，发现有椎体骨折均应做CT扫描，以判断骨折的稳定性与半发症情况，有利于临床及正确处理。     

X 线摄片和 CT 扫描在脊柱骨折中的应用价值比较

目的：比较Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描在脊柱骨折中的应用价值。方法：分析了我院１９９３～１９９５年４６例脊柱骨折者的Ｘ线和ＣＴ表现，男３０例，女１６例，年龄２２～８０岁。结果：Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描发现，Ｘ线片对脊柱单纯屈曲压缩型骨折、椎体脱位、半脱位容易确诊，而对某些类型骨折较易误诊和漏诊，诊断符合率８１．６％。ＣＴ扫描可显示骨折部位、类型、骨折片的移位以及骨折片突入椎管，椎管狭窄，还能显示多节段椎体骨折和附件骨折。椎体骨折均为粉碎性。椎体后缘骨折片不同程度突入椎管，占４８％，与椎体骨折类型有关。ＣＴ扫描诊断符合率达９８．６％。结论：在脊柱损伤的诊断中必须Ｘ线摄片和ＣＴ扫描相结合才能提高脊柱损伤的诊断水平。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折105例CT诊断及临床意义

探讨CT对胸椎和腰椎爆裂骨折的诊断及临床意义。CT在显示脊柱三柱结构、附件骨折、椎管狭窄及脊髓受压损伤等方面优于X线平片,有利于指导临床治疗。     

螺旋CT诊断脊柱骨折的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT诊断脊柱骨折的价值.材料和方法回顾性分析98例脊柱骨折的X线平片及螺旋CT表现.结果螺旋CT诊断98例110个椎骨骨折,X线平片诊断94例106个椎骨骨折.螺旋CT横轴位、MPR和3D分别显示椎体骨折105,107,96个和椎弓根骨折19,23,加个以及椎板骨折32,35,31个和骨折片突人椎管61,66,66个;X线平片显示骨折线分别为56处(52.3%)、11处(47.8%)、10处(28.6%)和22处(33.3%).脊柱爆裂型骨折55例中,X线平片诊断为单纯性压缩性骨折12例(21.8%).3D重建显示椎体高度压缩、椎体旋转及椎体脱位比X线平片更直观.结论综合应用螺旋CT横轴位、MPR和3D图像能清楚显示脊柱骨折、椎管狭窄的程度,判断脊髓损伤的情况,对脊柱骨折的诊断、分型和指导临床治疗有重要价值.     

脊柱骨折的X线CT诊断

目的：比较X线平片和CT扫描在脊柱骨折中的应用价值。方法：分析了我院51例脊柱骨折的X线平片和CT表现，男30例，女21例，年龄17—81岁。结果：51例中椎体骨折65个，X线平片诊断单纯压缩性骨折31例。20例可疑不稳定性骨折；CT扫描诊断稳定性骨折23例，爆裂性不稳定性骨折28例。结论：X线平片和CT扫描在脊柱骨折的诊断中都具有特征性价值并存在着限度，二者相结合，有利于提高脊柱损伤的诊断水平。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）