脉搏波速度与高血压及其靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的:分析脉搏波传导速度(PWV)与高血压及其靶器官损害的相关性及高血压与其伴发病PWV的差异。方法:入选192例因胸痛疑诊冠心病而行冠脉造影的患者,根据冠脉造影结果,分为单纯高血压组(49例),单纯冠心病组(37例),高血压合并冠心病组(81例)及高血压合并冠心病及糖尿病组(25例);同时有创测量中心动脉收缩压(cSBP),舒张压(cDBP)及脉压(cPP)。用欧姆龙动脉硬化检测仪测量患者臂踝脉搏波速度(baP-WV)。同时检测体重指数(BMI),血脂,颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),血清肌酐(Scr),左室质量指数(LV-MI)等冠心病危险因素。结果:Pearson相关分析发现,baPWV与年龄,cSBP,cPP,LVMI及Scr呈正相关(r=0.193～0.494,P<0.05或<0.01);单纯高血压组与单纯冠心病组患者的baPWV比较无显著差异[(1570±286)cm/s比(1669±381)cm/s,P=0.20];而高血压合并冠心病患者的baPWV[(1891±413)cm/s]较单纯高血压、及单纯冠心病组明显升高(P<0.05);高血压合并冠心病与高血压合并冠心病、糖尿病患者的baPWV[(1864±408)cm/s]比较无显著性差异(P=0.81)。结论:脉搏波传导速度与年龄、中心动脉压、左室质量指数等明显相关,高血压合并冠心病患者的血管损害较单纯高血压病或冠心病者明显加重。     

缬沙坦对高血压患者动态的动脉硬化指数及脉搏波传导速度的影响

目的 研究缬沙坦对高血压患者动态的动脉硬化指数(AASI)及肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的影响.方法 选择18例原发性高血压患者(1、2级),入选患者早晨7～9点一次服用缬沙坦80 mg/d进行降压,治疗2周后,不论血压高低,只要患者能耐受均将缬沙坦增至160 mg/d继续治疗8周.所有入选患者,治疗前后均进行门诊血压及24 h动态血压测量,进行空腹血糖和血脂检查及baPWV测定.并根据24 h动态血压计算AASI.结果 与治疗前比较,缬沙坦可降低高血压患者的收缩压[(133±9)mm Hg比(146±10) mm Hg,P＜0.01]、舒张压[(84±8)mm Hg比(93±8)mm Hg,P＜0.01)]及脉压,并降低高血压患者baPWV水平[(1385±132)cm/s比(1450±142) cm/s,P=0.014],AASI较治疗前也有所降低(0.31±0.14比0.34±0.14,P=0.330).结论 缬沙坦160mg/d在降低血压同时,可减慢baPWV,轻度改善动脉弹性功能.     

原发性高血压患者的运动血压与踝臂动脉脉搏波传导速度

目的研究原发性高血压患者运动血压与踝臂动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的关系。方法入选2008-05-2009-03在我院就诊的原发性高血压患者125例,予以行活动平板与baPWV的检查,根据运动血压结果分为运动高血压组(运动收缩压峰值≥200mmHg,n=36)和运动血压正常组(运动收缩压峰值<200mmHg,n=89),应用自动脉搏波传导速度测定仪测量baPWV作为反映大动脉硬度的指标。结果运动高血压组患者baPWV显著大于运动血压正常组[(14.9±1.3)比(13.0±0.9)m/s,P<0.01]。亚极量运动收缩压与baPWV密切相关(r=0.645,P<0.01),Logistic回归分析显示,baPWV(OR1.022,95%CI1.012～1.032)、静息收缩压[1.127(1.013～1.254)]、体质量指数[1.368(1.049～1.783)],均为影响运动高血压的独立危险因素。结论原发性高血压人群中运动血压与baPWV密切相关,大动脉硬化可能是导致运动高血压的重要危险因素之一。     

原发性高血压患者血压分级与脉搏波速度的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血压分级与肱动脉踝动脉脉搏波速度(baPWV)之间的关系和影响 baPWV 的危险因素。方法测定252例 EH 患者诊室血压、动态血压和血生化指标,应用脉搏波传导速度(PWV)自动测量系统测定患者 baPWV,进行不同血压水平和 baPWV 之间比较。结果 1)高血压3级组的 baP-WV 显著高于高血压1级组(P<0.05);高血压3级组空腹血糖(FPG)水平高于1级高血压组(P<0.05);高血压3级组餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平高于1级、2级高血压组(P<0.05)。2)baPWV 与24 h 平均收缩压(SBP)、平均脉压(PP)、白昼 SBP、白昼 PP、白昼及夜间 SBP 负荷呈显著正相关(P 均<0.05)。3)baPWV 增高者的年龄、SBP、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)均高于正常对照组(P 均<0.05)。4)baPWV 与年龄、SBP、PP、FPG、2 h PG 呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其中年龄与 FPG 是影响 baPWV 的独立危险因素。结论伴有心血管危险因素的原发性高血压3级患者动脉僵硬程度显著增加;24 h 平均 SBP 及 PP、...     

原发性高血压患者血压分级与脉搏波速度的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血压分级与肱动脉踝动脉脉搏波速度(baPWV)之间的关系和影响baPWV的危险因素.方法 测定252例EH患者诊室血压、动态血压和血生化指标,应用脉搏波传导速度(PWV)自动测量系统测定患者baPWV,进行不同血压水平和baPWV之间比较.结果 1)高血压3级组的baP-WV显著高于高血压1级组(P<0.05);高血压3级组空腹血糖(FPG)水平高于1级高血压组(P<0.05);高血压3级组餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平高于1级、2级高血压组(P<0.05).2)baPWV与24 h平均收缩压(SBP)、平均脉压(PP)、白昼SBP、白昼PP、白昼及夜间SBP负荷呈显著正相关(P均<0.05).3)baPWV增高者的年龄、SBP、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)均高于正常对照组(P均<0.05).4)baPWV与年龄、SBP、PP、FPG、2 h PG呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其中年龄与FPG是影响baPWV的独立危险因素.结论 伴有心血管危险因素的原发性高血压3级患者动脉僵硬程度显著增加;24 h平均SBP及PP、白昼及夜间SBP负荷越高,baPWV越高;年龄、FPG升高是影响baPWV的独立危险因素.     

降压达标干预对原发性高血压患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度的影响

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者降压干预对臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的影响.方法 150例高血压患者接受包括缬沙坦80 mg/d在内的降压治疗6个月[降压达标定义为＜140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=133 kPa)]和正常对照组135例,应用欧姆龙-VP1000自动测量baPWV,对其进行标准化的心血管病危险因素调查、体格检查及实验室检查.结果 高血压组baPWV为(2105.8±378.4)cm/s,高于正常对照组的(1371.5±1 76.5)cm/s(t=4.05,P＜0.001).高血压组和对照组的动脉硬化的检出率分别为82.0%和21.8%;高血压组患者的年龄(r=0.51,P＜0.001)、收缩压(r=0.53,P＜0.001)、脉压、(r=0.43,P＜0.05),脉压指数(PPI)(r=0.51,P＜0.05)、空腹血糖(r=0.39,P＜0.01)均与baPWV呈正相关;高血压组的baPWV由(2105.8±378.4)cm/s降低至(1704.2±332.0)cm/s(t=3.85,P＜0.05).降压达标组的baPWV[(1588.8±278.7)cm/s]明显低于未达标组[(1857.7±324.9)cm/s(t=3.67,P＜0.001)].结论 年龄和收缩压是高血压患者baPWV的主要影响因素,降压达标可以改善baPWV,减轻动脉僵硬度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of antihypertensive therapy on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods The 150 EH patients (EH group)receiving antihypertensive therapy with valsartan 80 mg/d, and 135 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled in this study. Automatic pulse wave velocity (PWV)measurement system was employed to examine baPWV, and the investigation about cardiac risk factors, physical and laboratory examination was performed. The baPWV was used as an index to show artery stiffness.Results The baPWV was significantly higher in EH group than in control group [(2105.8±378.4) cm/svs. (1371.5±176.5) cm/s, t=4.05, P＜0.001]. The detection rate of atherosclerosis was 82.0% and 21.8% in EH and control group respectively. In EH group, there were positive relationships between age and baPWV (r= 0.51, P＜0. 001), SBP and baPWV (r=0.53, P＜0.001), pulse pressure (PP) and baPWV (r=0.43, P＜0. 05), PP index (PPI) and baPWV (r=0.51, P＜0.05), blood glucose and baPWV (r=0.39, P＜0.01). The baPWV decreased significantly from (2105.8±378.4) cm/s to (1704.2±332.0) cm/s (t=3.85, P＜0. 05) in EH group. The baPWV was significantly lower in the subgroup with a target BP than without a target BP in EH patients [(1588.8±278.7) vs. (1857.7±324.9) cm/s, t=3.67, P＜0.001].Conclusions The age and SBP are primary risk factors for baPWV in EH patients. The antihypertensive therapy can relieve baPWV with a target blood pressure.     

原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度的相关性

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的相关性。方法选取2014年5月至2015年10月山西医科大学第一医院高血压病区的原发性高血压患者234(男131、女103)例,年龄(56.5±12.0)岁。按血压水平将患者分为高血压1级、2级、3级组,另选取健康体检者187名作为对照组。检测baPWV、踝臂血压指数(ABI)、血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、空腹血糖、血脂及尿微量白蛋白水平;采用多元线性回归分析baPWV与胱抑素C的相关性。结果高血压1级、2级、3级组的baPWV高于对照组[(16.65±3.41)、(18.37±3.51)、(18.53±4.18)比(15.48±2.68)m/s,均P0.05],高血压2级、3级组高于1级组(P0.01)。高血压1级、2级、3级组血清胱抑素C高于对照组[(0.80±0.21)、(0.86±0.30)、(1.15±0.32)比(0.56±0.25)mg/L,均P0.05],高血压3级高于1级、2级组(均P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,baPWV与血清胱抑素C、年龄、收缩压、舒张压、心率、血糖呈正相关(分别r=0.357、0.605、0.479、0.184、0.227、0.150,均P0.05),与BMI呈负相关(r=-0.235,P0.01)。多元线性回归分析中校正各混杂因素后,发现胱抑素C仍是baPWV的影响因素(B=291.970,P0.01)。结论原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C与baPWV呈正相关。     

高醛固酮血症对血管内皮功能及动脉弹性的影响

目的通过对比研究原发性醛固酮增多症患者(PAs)与年龄、血压匹配的原发性高血压患者(EHs),探讨高醛固酮血症对血管内皮功能及动脉弹性的影响。方法入选20例PAs、20例年龄和血压匹配的EHs、20例年龄匹配的健康志愿者(HSs)。采用高分辨率血管超声方法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD);应用袖带震荡技术检测肱动脉与胫后动脉之间的肱踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)。结果与HSs相比,PAs及EHs的FMD明显下降[(4.97±1.35)%,(6.80±1.19)%比(11.34±1.47)%],baPWV明显升高[(1982.6±306.7),(1678.5±268.3)比(1257.9±152.6)cm/s],差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);与EHs比,PAs的FMD下降更明显[(4.97±1.35)%比(6.80±1.19)%],baPWV升高也更明显[(1982.6±306.7)比(1678.5±268.3)cm/s],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PAs予螺内酯60~120 mg/d口服治疗4~6周后,FMD较治疗前明显升高[(9.03±1.64)%比(4.97±1.35)%],baPWV较治疗前明显下降[(1589.8±297.2)比(1982.6±306.7)cm/s],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相同年龄和血压水平的PAs与EHs相比较,血管内皮功能损伤及动脉硬化程度更为严重,提示高醛固酮血症除了导致高血压外可能还具有额外的血管损伤作用。     

高血压患者亚极量运动时血压变化及其影响因素

目的探索原发性高血压患者亚极量运动时血压的变化及其影响因素。方法连续入选2014年12月~2015年7月在北京军区总医院就诊的原发性1、2级高血压患者(高血压组)82例和健康体检者(正常组)54例。观察高血压患者亚极量运动时血压变化,并采用多元线性回归分析运动前血压、脉压及踝臂动脉脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)等因素与亚极量运动收缩压的关系。结果与正常组相比,高血压组亚极量运动收缩压较高[(190±13.2)mm Hg vs.(136.7±15.3)mm Hg,(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)P0.05],上升幅度较高[(39.0±12.1)mm Hg vs.(21.7±10.4)mm Hg,P0.05]。多元线性回归分析显示:运动前收缩压、ba PWV及脉压与亚极量运动收缩压线性相关(P0.05)。结论原发性高血压患者亚极量运动时血压升压反应高于正常人,其亚极量运动收缩压与运动前收缩压、ba PWV及脉压紧密相关。     

老年高血压患者动态血压指标与脉搏波传导速度的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者脉搏波传导速度(PWV)与动态血压(ABPM)监测指标的关系。方法选择2010年1月至2011年12月门诊治疗的年龄≥60岁的老年原发性高血压患者100例作为研究对象,另选择同期收治的年龄<60岁非老年高血压患者100例作为对照组;对所有入选对象进行24 h动态血压监测,应用脉搏波速度测定仪测定上臂-脚踝间PWV(baPWV),分析脉搏波传导速度与动态血压各指标之间的关系。结果非老年组患者身高、体质量、偶测收缩压、偶测舒张压、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等指标与老年高血压组患者比较差异均无显著性(P<0.05);非老年组患者腰臀比(WHR)、24 h平均脉压(PP)、脉压指数(PPI)、baPWV等指标均低于老年高血压组患者(P<0.05);两组患者中baPWV≥14 m/s者SBP、DBP、PP、PPI均高于组内baPWV<14 m/s者(P<0.05或P<0.01);年龄、WHR、PPI、PP、SBP、与PWV呈正相关,DBP与PWV呈负相关。结论随血压水平程度升高,PWV明显增快,PPI与PWV关系密切,PPI、PWV可作为全身心血管疾病的一个危险信号,以指导早期预防干预。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.