舒林酸长期治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的临床研究

目的观察长期服用舒林酸对家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)患者结直肠腺瘤消退的作用及其安全性。方法FAP患者口服舒林酸400mg/d,12个月内每3个月结肠镜复查一次,观察结直肠息肉的变化。对有效者,继续服用舒林酸维持治疗,维持剂量按300mg/d到200mg/d到150mg/d依次减少。减药中如果腺瘤数目增加,则将药量增至上一剂量。结果18例FAP患者在治疗12个月后结直肠内息肉显著减少,平均维持治疗时间为(35.5±17.7)个月。最后一次复查时息肉数目均较治疗前明显减少[从治疗前的(854±920)个降到(13±20)个](P<0.01)。舒林酸的有效维持量为150～300mg/d,平均剂量为(262.5±56.9)mg/d。治疗期间肠道中出现微小扁平隆起和红斑。活检病理显示治疗后管状腺瘤比例增加,腺瘤异型程度下降(P<0.01)。5例患者停药后腺瘤复发,2例再次服药后腺瘤再次消退。长期服用舒林酸的常见不良反应是结肠黏膜糜烂,没有发现严重的不良反应。结论舒林酸长期维持治疗可使FAP患者结直肠腺瘤保持长期显著消退状态。最小有效维持量150mg/d～300mg/d不等,有个体差异。长期用药安全性好。初步提示停用舒林酸后腺瘤有复发倾向,但再次用药仍有效。     

舒林酸与内镜下高频电切治疗结直肠腺瘤的转归分析

结直肠腺瘤与结直肠癌关系密切,国外文献报道[1]舒林酸对家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)结直肠腺瘤有消退作用,预防结直肠癌发生。但对散发性结肠腺瘤(SAP)疗效不肯定[2],本文旨在探讨舒林酸治疗SAP的作用及与内镜下高频电切治疗结直肠腺瘤疗效比较。     

老年结直肠腺瘤合并2型糖尿病病人的临床特点分析

目的分析老年结直肠腺瘤合并2型糖尿病病人的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2013~2015年255例在我院行内镜下黏膜切除术的老年结直肠腺瘤病人的病例资料,根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验筛查结果分为血糖正常组(对照组)142例和2型糖尿病(T2DM)组113例,根据肠镜及病理结果统计结直肠腺瘤大小、数目、分布位置、病理类型、异型增生程度。结果与对照组比较,T2DM组男性比例增高,2组性别构成差异有统计学意义(85.0%比66.9%,χ2=10.91,P=0.001)。与对照组比较,T2DM组腺瘤发病部位为全结直肠的检出率明显增高(42.5%比24.6%,χ2=8.146,P=0.005),腺瘤直径≥1 cm的病人检出率增高(49.6%比36.6%,χ2=4.314,P=0.042),且多发性腺瘤检出率明显增高(70.8%比55.6%,χ2=6.163,P=0.014)。2组病人的年龄、病理类型、异型增生程度差异无统计学意义。高血压病、高脂血症、男性为T2DM病人结直肠腺瘤发病的危险因素。结论老年结直肠腺瘤合并T2DM者临床特点包括男性病人多、病变范围广、腺瘤多发,故对老年男性T2DM病人进行肠镜筛查并内镜下治疗是预防结直肠腺瘤进展的主要措施。     

老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉178例临床特点分析

背景:结直肠腺瘤性息肉与结直肠癌关系密切,是重要的癌前病变。目的:分析老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院经结肠镜和病理检查证实为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的老年患者178例,对患者的性别、年龄、腺瘤部位、腺瘤大小、病理类型、异型增生、癌变等因素进行回顾性分析。结果:不同性别、年龄、大小的腺瘤分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着腺瘤直径的增大,管状腺瘤的检出率下降,绒毛-管状腺瘤的检出率增高(P0.01),腺上皮中重度异型增生的发生率增加,腺瘤的癌变率增加(P0.01),且绒毛-管状腺瘤的腺上皮异型增生程度和癌变率明显高于管状腺瘤(P0.01)。结论:随着腺瘤直径的增加,老年腺瘤性息肉患者绒毛-管状腺瘤的发生率、异型增生程度以及腺瘤癌变率均明显增加,早期发现并治疗腺瘤性息肉可有效减少老年结直肠癌的发生。     

不同直径结直肠早癌及癌前病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术的对比分析

目的 探讨分析内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗不同直径结直肠肿瘤的差异性。 方法 收集2012年10月至2015年12月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心210处结直肠ESD治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将病灶按直径分为两组(直径≥4.0cm组和直径<4.0cm组),进行相关因素的对比分析。结果 210处结直肠ESD平均手术时间为（50.3±42.7）分钟,病灶平均大小为（7.98 ±10.84cm₂）;整块切除率91.4%,完整切除率90.5%,治愈性切除率88.6%。穿孔发生率5.2%,迟发性出血率0.5%。与直径< 4.0 cm 的肿瘤相比,切除直径≥ 4.0 cm 的肿瘤所需时间更长(79.63±53.91 min比35.28±24.99 min;P<0.001);病变主要位于直肠(61.97%);LST息肉以结节混合型为主(54.93%);整块切除率、完整切除率和治愈性切除率均低于切除直径< 4.0 cm 的肿瘤,其中完整切除率差异有统计学意义(85.92% vs. 94.24%; P=0.041)。直径≥4.0cm组穿孔率增高(7.04%),但两组穿孔率的差异没有统计学意义。结论 ESD切除直径≥ 4.0 cm的结直肠肿瘤,所需时间明显增加,手术风险更高。对于非直肠的病变要更加小心处理。     

结直肠息肉和结直肠癌中CD24和Lgr5的表达

目的检测肿瘤细胞表面标志物CD24和Lgr5在结直肠息肉和结直肠癌中的表达。方法选择行结肠镜检查或治疗患者100例,选择同期肠镜下活检,病理证实正常的结直肠黏膜20例作为对照组。通过免疫组化染色检测CD24和Lgr5的表达,所有病理切片由两名病理科医师独立阅片后统计分析。结果 CD24在正常肠黏膜和炎性增生性息肉组不表达,在腺瘤性息肉和腺癌中强表达,CD24在非腺瘤、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、腺癌中阳性表达逐渐增高,CD24阳性率与息肉病理类型有相关性(r=0.627,P0.01);CD24阳性率随着息肉直径的增加而逐渐递增,CD24阳性表达与息肉大小有相关性(r=0.345,P0.05);CD24阳性率随着无异型增生、低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变及腺癌逐渐递增,两变量相关分析显示CD24阳性表达与异型增生程度呈显著相关(r=0.579,P0.05);年龄40岁的患者CD24阳性率明显低于≥40岁患者(χ~2=5.401,P0.05);CD24和Lgr5阳性率在男性和女性两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Lgr5在正常肠黏膜和炎性增生性息肉组不表达或低表达,在腺瘤性息肉和腺癌中表达率高,且为强表达,Lgr5在正常结直肠黏膜、炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、腺癌中的阳性表达逐渐增高,两变量相关分析显示Lgr5阳性表达与息肉病理类型呈相关性(r=0.563,P0.05);Lgr5阳性表达率随着息肉直径的增加而逐渐递增,但两变量相关分析显示Lgr5阳性率与息肉大小有相关性(r=0.419,P0.01),但是直径1.0 cm息肉组与1.0 cm两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Lgr5阳性率随着无异型增生、低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变及腺癌组逐渐递增,但两变量相关分析显示Lgr5阳性表达与异型增生程度有相关性(r=0.524,P0.01)。但无异型增生组与低级别上皮内瘤变组、高级别上皮内瘤变组和腺癌组之间两两比较,Lgr5阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Lgr5阳性率在40岁和≥40岁之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.095,P0.05)。结论 CD24和Lgr5都是结直肠息肉恶变的重要参考指标,对它们的检测可以为结直肠癌的早期诊断提供帮助。     

幽门螺杆菌与结直肠腺瘤发病关系的Meta分析

目的探讨结直肠腺瘤与幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H. pylori)感染之间的关系。方法选择徐州医科大学附属医院住院同时完成H. pylori检测和结直肠镜检查的患者354例,分为腺瘤性息肉组(n=146)、增生性息肉组(n=100)、对照组(n=108),分析H. pylori感染与结直肠腺瘤之间的关系。并回顾收集到的关于H. pylori感染与结直肠腺瘤发病关系的研究进行Meta分析。结果腺瘤组与增生组,增生组与对照组之间H. pylori感染率差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),腺瘤组与对照组组之间H. pylori感染率差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。Meta分析纳入31项研究,腺瘤组8 645例,对照组16 305例,腺瘤组H. pylori感染率明显高于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论 H. pylori感染会增加结直肠腺瘤的发病率。     

大肠平坦型腺瘤与隆起型腺瘤的临床病理比较

目的 比较平坦型腺瘤和隆起型腺瘤的临床病理学特征,探讨两者生物学行为的差异.方法 选取2002年至2006年间行结肠镜检查并经病理证实的平坦型和隆起型腺瘤,比较两者的病理学特征差异.结果 平坦型和隆起型腺瘤重度异型增生的构成比分别为12.91％(4/31)和2.31％(12/519),在直径≤2.0 cm的腺瘤中,发生重度异型增生的比例分别为14.81％(4/27)和1.07％ (5/466),两组比较统计学差异均有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.01).结论 平坦型腺瘤发生重度异型增生的比例较隆起型腺瘤高,而且可能在体积更小时出现异型增生,提示平坦型腺瘤的生物学行为与隆起型腺瘤不同,平坦型腺瘤可能具有更高的恶变倾向.     

上消化道腺瘤与结直肠肿瘤相关性的病例对照研究

目的 评估上消化道腺瘤患者中结直肠肿瘤(腺瘤和癌)的患病情况.方法 回顾性分析2007年至2011年消化内镜检查的患者,选取经病理证实为上消化道腺瘤并且行结肠镜检查的39例作为病例组,选取同期行胃肠镜检查而胃镜示无腺瘤并且性别年龄匹配的78例作为对照组,比较两组结直肠肿瘤患病情况的差异.结果 病例组结直肠肿瘤的检出率为51.3％ (20/39),其中腺瘤的检出率为38.5％(15/39),癌的检出率为12.8％(5/39).对照组中结直肠肿瘤的检出率为14.1％(11/78),其中腺瘤的检出率为12.8％(10/78),癌的检出率为1.3％(1/78).病例组结直肠肿瘤的检出率明显高于对照组(P ＜0.001),其中结肠腺瘤和结肠癌的检出率也均分别高于对照组(50.0％比12.5％和52.2％比15.2％).分别将胃、十二指肠腺瘤进行单独比较,亦发现两组结直肠肿瘤检出率均显著高于相应对照组.结论 上消化道腺瘤的患者结直肠肿瘤的检出率较高,建议及时行结肠镜检查.     

复方海蛇胶囊随机双盲法治疗168例增龄相关记忆障碍的临床研究

目的　进一步观察复方海蛇胶囊(RSC)对增龄相关记忆障碍的疗效。方法　双盲法治疗168例增龄相关记忆障碍(AAMI)(MQ＜90),用药分别为RSC组与空白对照组,均为每次4粒胶囊,每粒0.28g,每日3次,疗程3个月。以WMS评定疗效。结果　83例RSC治疗前与治疗后MQ分别为81.35±7.51及90.94±8.98(P＜0.001);85例对照组治疗前后分别为84.34±6.80及88.60±7.40(P＜0.001)。RSC与对照组治疗后复查MQ增值分别为9.30±6.46及4.31±5.29(P＜0.001)。两组总有效率分别为62.65%及23.53%(P＜0.001)。本组未见明显副作用。结论　RSC可显著提高增龄相关记忆障碍的记忆商,安全有效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。