X射线照射对机体脂质过氧化及自由基代谢影响的实验研究

目的 探讨X射线照射对机体脂质过氧化及自由基代谢的影响。方法 选择无特定病原体成年Wistar大鼠30只,随机均分为试验组(A)、试验组(B)、对照组(C),A、B两组大鼠均每日进行全身一次性X射线照射,连续6 d,1次/d,A组照射剂量为3 Gy,B组照射剂量为2 Gy,对照组(C)组不进行X射线照射,完毕后采集存活大鼠血样检测3组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并予以统计分析。结果 MDA:A组高于C组,B组高于C组,A组高于B组,MDA检测各组间差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05);SOD:A、C组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),A、B组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),B与C组间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),表明A组SOD水平显著低于C组,且A组显著低于B组;CAT:A、C组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),A、B组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),B与C组间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),表明A组CAT水平显著低于C组,且A组显著低于B组。结论 X射线辐射对机体SOD、CAT指标具有显著性影响,可显著降低血清SOD、CAT活性,抗氧化酶SOD及CAT活性与照射剂量呈负相关;可提高血清MDA水平,但对MDA指标无显著性影响。     

放射工作人员血清中SOD、MDA含量分析

目的 了解低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员脂质过氧化及抗氧化功能的影响。方法 选择285名放射工作人员为放射组,270名非职业受照人员为对照组,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 放射组SOD活力低于对照组,MAD含量高于对照组,差别均有显著意义(P <0.05);且随受照剂量的增加,血清SOD活力有逐渐下降的趋势,MDA含量有逐渐上升的趋势。结论 低剂量电离辐射能使机体产生过多自由基,使机体氧化-抗氧化系统功能紊乱。     

134名放射诊疗工作人员脂质过氧化水平调查

目的 了解长期低剂量职业性接触电离辐射的放射诊疗工作人员脂质过氧化及其抗氧化能力。方法 收集134名职业接触电离辐射的放射诊疗工作人员个人剂量,血清中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量。结果 放射工龄<5年的放射诊疗工作人员血清中SOD、GSH-Px活力、MDA含量与5年及20年以上工龄组比较,差异有统计学意义,累积剂量当量<2 mSv的放射诊疗工作人员血清中GSH-Px活力与累积剂量2~5 mSv及>5 mSv组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论 本研究中放射诊疗工作人员虽然长期接触低剂量射线,但不会对身体健康造成明显损伤。     

海藻低聚糖对放射损伤的防护作用研究

目的 探讨海藻低聚糖对受6.0GyX射线照射小鼠的辐射防护作用。方法 采用6MVX直线加速器一次全身照射小鼠,3个海藻低聚糖组照射后给药15d。观察小鼠30d存活率、小鼠外周血白细胞总数和红细胞数,脾脏指数,全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果 海藻低聚糖能加速小鼠外周血白细胞和红细胞数的恢复,明显提高脾脏指数,并且可引起抗氧化物酶GSH-Px和SOD活性显著增高。结论 海藻低聚糖对受照射小鼠有明显的辐射防护作用。     

Radaway抗辐射胶囊对小鼠辐射损伤的保护作用

目的 观察Radaway抗辐射胶囊对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤的保护作用。方法 将120只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为I(外周血白细胞计数)、Ⅱ(骨髓细胞微核检测)、Ⅲ(骨髓DNA含量测定)3大组,每大组又随机分为高、中、低剂量组和辐射对照组。各组根据不同指标选择不同的照射时间均以同一剂量γ射线全身照射1次。结果 以3Gy剂量照射后第14天各剂量组的外周血白细胞计数均显著高于辐射对照组(P < 0.01);照射后第3天,中、低剂量组的骨髓细胞微核率显著低于辐射对照组(P < 0.01),低剂量组的骨髓DNA含量显著高于辐射对照组(P < 0.01)。结论 Radaway抗辐射胶囊对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

三七多糖对微波辐射大鼠血清氧化指标的影响研究

目的 探讨三七多糖对辐射大鼠血清SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性、MDA(丙二醛)含量及抑制羟自由基能力的影响。方法 建立大鼠高强度微波辐射模型,用三七粗多糖药液进行预防性干预,检测各组大鼠血清中SOD活性、MDA含量及抑制羟自由基能力。结果 200mW/cm²微波辐射对两组大鼠血清SOD活性影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);辐射给药组大鼠血清内产生MDA量显著低于辐射对照组(P<0.05);辐射给药组大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力显著高于辐射对照组(P<0.05)。结论 本实验结果提示三七多糖具有良好的抗微波辐射的效应。     

硼卡钠对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的 研究硼卡钠(BSH)对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用,探讨硼卡钠辐射防护作用的抗氧化机制。方法 将BALB/c小鼠按体重随机分为正常对照组、照射对照组、阳性药组(WR2721,200 mg/kg)、BSH低剂量组(20mg/kg)、BSH中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、BSH高剂量组(80 mg/kg),每组7只。各组动物腹腔注射,给药体积均为0.2 ml/20g;正常对照组和照射对照组给予生理盐水;阳性药组照射前连续给药2d,每天1次,其余各组照射前24h给药1次。用⁶⁰Co γ射线对小鼠进行一次性全身照射,照射剂量为6 Gy,剂量率为0.8 Gy/min。照射后第14天采集小鼠外周血并分离血清,分别检测血清SOD活性和MDA含量。结果 BSH低、中、高剂量组小鼠外周血血清SOD活性均显著高于照射对照组(P < 0.05);血清MDA值,低剂量组显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.05),中、高剂量组非常显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.01)。结论 BSH具有显著的抗氧化作用,提示BSH的抗氧化能力是其抗辐射作用的机理之一。     

纳米氧化铈对小鼠辐射损伤防护作用的研究

目的 探讨纳米氧化铈(CeO₂)对小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。方法 140只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组,照射对照组,阳性药物对照(氨磷汀)、纳米氧化铈低剂量组(100 mg/kg)、纳米氧化铈中剂量组(300 mg/kg)和纳米氧化铈高剂量(900 mg/kg)组。小鼠经3.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射(剂量率1 Gy/min)。于照射后3天、8天处死小鼠,检测脾脏和胸腺系数和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率,并对照后8天小鼠血浆SOD和小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞肌动蛋白微丝骨架进行观测。结果 照后3天,与照射对照组相比,纳米氧化铈中、高剂量组的胸腺系数明显增加(P<0.05或P< 0.01),优于阳性药物组;纳米氧化铈用药组脾脏系数有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义;纳米氧化铈药物组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率均降低,特别是低剂量组微核细胞率与照射对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),作用优于阳性药物组。照后8天,与照射对照组相比,纳米氧化铈药物组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率持续降低;纳米氧化铈中剂量组小鼠血清总SOD活力有升高趋势,差异无统计学意义,胸腺淋巴细胞微丝骨架形态较完整。结论 纳米氧化铈具有一定的辐射防护作用,其机制可能与提高机体免疫能力、保护造血组织免于辐射诱发的损伤有关。     

LPS对辐射暴露后小鼠血清IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响

目的 探讨¹³⁷Csγ射线一次性全身照射小鼠经过长时间恢复后,脂多糖(LPS)攻击对小鼠血清中白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法 利用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)技术,观察不同照射剂量、不同作用时间的LPS干预等不同条件下,C57BL/6小鼠血清中IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结果 照射前后小鼠血清IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α浓度均无明显变化,但LPS刺激组血清IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α浓度均高于同剂量照射组(P<0.05)。结论 LPS对辐射暴露小鼠血清IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α浓度具有一定的影响,LPS对辐射暴露小鼠免疫系统具有影响。     

吡咯喹啉醌对γ辐射小鼠防护作用的初步研究

目的 研究吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用。方法 将40只昆明小鼠随机分四组,即未照射组、单纯照射组、照射前给药组、照射后给药组。给药组小鼠口服PQQ剂量按体重计每天2mg/kg,连续给药7天。采用⁶⁰Coγ射线单次全身照射,剂量5Gy。于照射后第8天,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,收集血清、制备肝匀浆,进行各项生化指标测定。制作肝HE染色切片。结果 照射后小鼠血清及肝脏中SOD、T-AOC显著下降(P<0.05),MDA显著升高(P<0.05)。照射给药组小鼠血清SOD、T-AOC含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P<0.05);肝脏中SOD含量显著升高(P<0.05)。所有照射组小鼠肝组织都有肝板排列紊乱,出现肝细胞水肿,变性、坏死现象。结论 γ辐射引发小鼠全身性的氧化应激,肝脏是重要的辐射敏感器官。PQQ对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用机制是:PQQ能直接清除自由基,同时能调动照射小鼠的全身自由基清除系统,尤其是SOD的活性,降低自由基含量。     

Modulation of haematopoetic system and antioxidant enzymes by Emblica officinalis gaertn and its protective role against gamma-radiation induced damages in mice

The radio protective effect of the fruit pulp of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Emblica) was studied in adult Swiss albino mice. Mice were treated with 2.5 g/kg b.wt of Emblica for 10 consecutive days before irradiation and exposed to a single dose of 700 rads (7Gy) of radiation after the last dose. One group was given Emblica continuously for another 15 days after irradiation. Changes in the total leukocyte count, bone marrow viability and hemoglobin were studied after whole body irradiation. Administration of Emblica significantly increased these levels, which were lowered by irradiation. Animals were sacrificed at various time points after irradiation and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and levels of glutathione were assayed in the blood. The damage to the cell membrane after whole body irradiation was studied by measuring the tissue lipid peroxides levels. Administration of Emblica significantly enhanced the activity of the various antioxidant enzymes and GST as well as glutathione system in the blood. Treatment with Emblica also lowered the elevated levels of lipid peroxides in the serum. The data clearly indicated that the extract significantly reduced the bioeffects of radiation. Emblica extract may be useful in reducing the side effects produced during therapeutic radiation.     

Protective effect of an extract of Phyllanthus amarus against radiation-induced damage in mice

The radioprotective effect of an extract of the plant Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) was investigated in adult BALB/c mice. P. amarus extract (750 mg/kg b.wt and 250 mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally to mice for five days prior to whole body radiation (6 Gy) and for one month after radiation. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 9, 12, and 30 after radiation. P. amarus significantly increased the total W.B.C count, bone marrow cellularity, and alpha-esterase activity as compared to untreated radiation-exposed animals. P. amarus treatment also increased the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR), both in blood and tissue, which were reduced by radiation treatment. There was also a significant increase in the glutathione (GSH) levels of blood and tissue. Lipid peroxidation levels, which were increased after radiation, were significantly reduced by P. amarus treatment, both in serum and liver. The results collectively indicate that P. amarus extract could increase the antioxidant defense mechanism in mice and there by protect the animals from radiation-induced cellular damage.     

Prominent free radicals scavenging activity of tannic acid in lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental mice

Lead (Pb) is known to disrupt the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance of tissues leading to biochemical and physiological dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of tannic acid on some biochemical parameters in Swiss albino mice exposed to lead acetate. The levels of thiobarbaturic acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and serum lead (Pb) were significantly increased following intragastric administration of 50 micromole lead acetate/kg body weight three times a week, every other day for three weeks, compared to the corresponding control values. On the other hand, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione content (GSH) and serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly diminished relative to the control values. The administration of 20 mg tannic acid/kg body weight three times a week every other day for three weeks, enhanced the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the cells by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-R, GST), GSH content and serum Cu and Zn levels. Compared to the lead acetate-exposed group, the levels of TBARS, NO and Pb were decreased in the lead acetate exposed group treated with tannic acid. These results afford evidence supporting the hypothesis that lead induces oxidative stress in hepatic cells. Moreover, tannic acid has a potential in sustaining global antioxidant effect in hepatic cells leading to decreased oxidative stress and cellular damage initiated through free radical production by lead acetate.     

Responses of antioxidant enzymes in catfish exposed to liquid crystals from E-waste

Liquid crystals (LCs) are typically elongated organic molecules with a non-uniform distribution of electrical charges leading to a dipole. LCs are widely used in displays of computers and other electronic devices. The rapid obsolescence rate of electronics results in large amounts of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) entering the environment. Data on health effects of LCs on living creatures are currently limited to some acute toxicity tests by a few major LC manufacturers. These tests concluded that the vast majority of LCs are not acutely toxic. Since the amount of LCs in electronic devices is very small, the health effects of LCs at low concentrations or doses become important. Catfish were used as the test animals in this study. Four major enzymes of the fish's antioxidant defense system catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were chosen as biomarkers to examine effects of LCs, which were taken from obsolete laptop personal computers made in the early 1990s. The catfish were fed with food containing different contents of LCs for 40 days. Activities of the four chosen enzymes in fish livers were assayed. The results showed that there were significant inductions of CAT, SOD, and Se-GPx activities in response to the LC doses. The plots of the enzyme activities versus LC doses suggested an occurrence of oxidative stress when the dose reached about 20 microg LC/g fish.d. It was concluded that LCs can cause pollutant-induced stress to catfish at low doses. CAT, SOD and Se-GPx are effective biomarkers to give early warning on potential health effects of LCs on some aquatic lives including catfish.     

乳清蛋白肽对衰老小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的观察乳清蛋白肽(whey protein peptides,WPP)对衰老小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响。方法 D-半乳糖连续颈部注射制作亚急性衰老小鼠模型。以VE为阳性对照,灌胃给予WPP100、200、400mg/(kgbw·d),45d后观察其对小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量的影响。结果衰老小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织匀浆中CAT、SOD、GSH-Px含量均显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,与正常小鼠比较差异显著;200、400mg/(kgbw·d)WPP可以提高衰老小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织中CAT、SOD、GSH-Px含量,降低MDA含量,与衰老模型组比较差异有显著性。结论 WPP能显著提高亚急性衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力,具有量效关系。     

不同剂量乙醇对大鼠血清抗氧化系统的动态影响及银杏黄酮的保护效应

目的研究不同剂量乙醇对大鼠血清抗氧化系统的影响及银杏黄酮的保护作用。方法雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为正常对照组、低、中、高乙醇组(分别为0.8、1.6、2.4g/kg)和低、高干预组(48或96mg/kg银杏黄酮+2.4g/kg乙醇)和黄酮对照组(银杏黄酮96mg/kg)。试验D30、D60、D90取尾血测定血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)活性或水平。结果大鼠摄入低剂量乙醇后,血清SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性逐渐升高;摄入中剂量乙醇后,SOD与CAT在30d时升高,随后降至正常水平,而GSH水平在60、90d时明显下降,MDA水平持续升高;摄入高剂量乙醇后,实验期间抗氧化酶及GSH水平持续下降,MDA不断升高。银杏黄酮干预,尤其是在高剂量干预后,抭氧化酶失活与GSH消耗程度明显下降,MDA升高幅度也相应降低。结论低剂量乙醇摄入激活了机体的抗氧化系统,高剂量则导致严重的氧化应激;银杏黄酮对高剂量乙醇所致的氧化-抗氧化失衡有明显的调节和保护作用     

Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective utility of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl?)-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms whereby this agent mediated its beneficial effects. We randomized 40 rats into four groups for treatment with corn oil, CCl?, capsaicin and both CCl? and capsaicin, respectively, for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and used for determination of aspartylaminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin, while the liver tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin examination; evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and active caspase-3 contents; and evaluation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. Animals treated with CCl? exhibited significant elevation in AST, ALT, total bilirubin and caspase-3 and exhibited significant decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH contents. The combination (both capsaicin and CCl?) group has preserved the liver histology, liver enzymes and bilirubin close to normal, exhibited significant induction in the activities of CAT, SOD and GST, increased the liver content of GSH and active caspase-3 and conversely showed significant decrease in liver MDA content compared to CCl? challenged rats. Capsaicin confers an appealing hepatoprotective effect which might be explained partially via diminishing the generation of MDA, induction of antioxidant systems and inhibition of active caspase-3.     

急性光气吸入对大鼠抗氧化酶及一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的　研究光气急性吸入对机体抗氧化酶活力以及一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响。方法　利用三光气在N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺作用下分解生成光气的方法 ,设对照组采用SD大鼠进行动态恒量染毒 ,2h后处死实验动物 ,取肺组织测定湿干比 ,取全血、血清和肝组织分别测定谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 (GST)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、NO、NOS活力和总蛋白含量。结果　染毒组实验动物的肺湿干比明显大于对照组 ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 1) ,血清和肝组织匀浆的GST活力明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清和肝组织中SOD、全血CAT以及全血、血清、肝组织GSH Px活力明显提高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清和肝组织匀浆NO含量明显降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,NOS活力明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　大鼠光气急性吸入可以明显改变机体抗氧化酶系的活力 ,并且存在着一定程度的急性肝损伤 ,而这种损伤与活性氧密切相关 ,但多种抗氧化酶活力的升高却提示抗氧化治疗非光气急性中毒救治的首选。     

Effects of diet composition on liver antioxidant defense and detoxification enzymes in mice with murine AIDS

Liver antioxidant defense and detoxification enzymes in murine AIDS-infected mice fed cereal based-diet or purified diet were studied with 32 C57BL/6 female mice in a 2×2×2 (diet × virus × period) treatment design. The mice were divided into two groups and fed Purina mice chow or a liquid diet. One week later, half of the mice in each diet group were injected intraperitoneally with LPBM5 murine retrovirus (MAIDS) stock. Two and 4 weeks after infection, half of the mice in each of the 4 treatment groups were killed, and the livers were excised for biochemical analysis. The results showed that MAIDS virus infection significantly decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GP) at 2 weeks postinfection in the liquid diet group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) at both periods in the liquid diet group, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) toward 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) at both periods in both diet groups when compared to the control groups. MAIDS virus infection did not affect reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, or activities of catalase and glutathione reductase (GR). GSH levels and activities of catalase and GSTs were significantly lower in the mice fed the liquid diet than in those fed mice chow. Virus-mediated decline in antioxidant defense and detoxification capability of MAIDS infected mice may contribute to further development of the disease. The results suggest that chow diet provides a higher antioxidant defense capability than the liquid diet.     

刺梨多糖对衰老小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨刺梨多糖(RRTP)对衰老小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响。方法用D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠作为实验对象,灌胃给予RRTP100,200,400mg/kg.d,47d后观察其对小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量的影响。结果衰老小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织匀浆中SOD、CAT含量均显著降低,MDA含量显著升高;200,400mg/kg·dRRTP可以提高衰老小鼠血浆、肝脏、脑组织中SOD、CAT含量,降低MDA含量,与模型组比较,差异有显著性。结论RRTP可以剂量依赖性地提高衰老小鼠体内抗氧化能力。