Toll样受体4介导牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染血管内皮细胞过程中的炎性作用

目的探讨Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)在牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染血管内皮细胞过程中所发挥的作用。方法用牙龈卟啉单胞菌分别感染正常EAhy926细胞和TLR4基因敲减的EAhy926细胞后,用RT-PCR和ELISA方法观察2种细胞产生白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素8(IL-8)的能力,用单核细胞黏附实验检测内皮细胞黏附单核细胞的作用。结果牙龈卟啉单胞菌能诱导2种细胞过度表达IL-6和IL-8,促进U937细胞的黏附(P<0.05);敲减了TLR4基因的EAhy926细胞受到牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染后,IL-6和IL8的产生以及单核细胞黏附作用明显低于正常的EAhy926细胞(P<0.05)。结论 TLR4在牙龈卟啉单胞菌引起EAhy926细胞炎性反应过程中具有重要作用。     

变形链球菌培养上清对EAhy926细胞增殖活性和TLR4表达的影响

目的观察变形链球菌培养上清对EAhy926细胞的增殖活性及TLR4表达的影响。方法变形链球菌培养上清作用于EAhy926细胞,MTT法检测EAhy926细胞的增殖活性;RT-PCR法检测EAhy926细胞TLR4 mRNA的表达;流式细胞术检测EAhy926细胞表面TLR4的表达。结果不同浓度的变形链球菌培养上清作用6 h可促进EAhy926细胞的增殖(P0.05),但12 h后可明显抑制该细胞的生长(P0.05),呈现显著的时间和剂量依赖性。变形链球菌培养上清作用于EAhy926细胞后,TLR4 mRNA和TLR4蛋白表达量随着作用时间延长而逐渐增高,在16 h达到高峰,24 h后又逐渐下降(P0.01)。结论变形链球菌培养上清可明显抑制EAhy926细胞的生长,上调该细胞TLR4的表达。     

TLR4/MAPK信号途径在氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导血管平滑肌细胞表达白细胞介素6中的作用

目的 观察氧化型低密度脂蛋白对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞表达白细胞介素6的影响,探讨Toll样受体4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号途径在这一过程中的作用.方法 氧化型低密度脂蛋白干预血管平滑肌细胞,然后分别经P38抑制剂sB203580、ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059、JNK抑制剂SP600125、Toll样受体4阻断剂抗Toll样受体4抗体预处理.采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测Toll样受体4和白细胞介素6的mRNA表达,用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清液中白细胞介素6的分泌水平,免疫蛋白印迹法检测ERK1/2、P38和JNK的蛋白表达.结果 不同浓度的氧化型低密度脂蛋白干预血管平滑肌细胞后,Toll样受体4mRNA及白细胞介素6的表述水平随氧化型低密度脂蛋白的浓度升高而升高(P<0.05).抗Toll样受体4抗体可以显著抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白对ERK1/2、P38、JNK磷酸化水平的上调(P<0.01);预先经阻断剂SB203580、PD98059、抗Toll样受体4抗体处理后,白细胞介素6的表达水平明显下降,与未阻断荆组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),而SP600125对其表达没有影响.结论 氧化型低密度脂蛋白能够上调血管平滑肌细胞中白细胞介素6的表达水平,并可以通过启动Toll样受体4信号通路激活下游的ERK1/2,P38部分调节白细胞介素6的表达.     

PolyI:C对人脐血内皮祖细胞数量及功能的影响

目的观察Toll样受体3的配体聚肌胞(PolyI:C)对人脐血内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡及炎性细胞因子表达的影响。方法采用密度梯度离心法获取人脐静脉血单个核细胞,EBM-2细胞培养基进行培养,诱导单个核细胞向内皮祖细胞分化。以不同浓度的PolyI:C(0、0.01、0.1、1 g/L和10 g/L)干预人脐血内皮祖细胞,通过CCK-8细胞增殖试验检测PolyI:C对内皮祖细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测PolyI:C对细胞凋亡的影响。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应对内皮祖细胞表达的Toll样受体进行检测,并检测不同浓度的PolyI:C对内皮祖细胞表达Toll样受体3、炎性细胞因子的影响。结果静息状态下,内皮祖细胞表达较高水平的Toll样受体1、Toll样受体3、Toll样受体4、Toll样受体6,表达较低水平的Toll样受体2、Toll样受体5、Toll样受体7、Toll样受体8、Toll样受体10,不表达Toll样受体9。而PolyI:C能上调Toll样受体3 mRNA表达,并呈量效关系。与对照组相比,较高浓度PolyI:C(1 g/L和10 g/L)持续作用于脐血内皮祖细胞3天后显著抑制内皮祖细胞增殖(P<0.01),终...     

活化Toll样受体4诱导静脉血管内皮细胞介导非耐受性炎症反应

目的:通过分析活化Toll样受体4(TLR4)对人脐静脉内皮细胞分泌炎性细胞因子的影响,探讨静脉内皮细胞在炎症反应中的作用.方法:逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测TLR4和细胞因子信使核糖核酸(mRNA)在人脐静脉内皮细胞中的表达,流式细胞分析检测TLR4及其辅助受体CD14的蛋白表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞培养上清中细胞因子的表达水平.结果:TLB4配体脂多糖诱导了人脐静脉内皮细胞中TLB4的基因和蛋白表达上调以及CD14的蛋白表达上调.活化TLR4显著上调人脐静脉内皮细胞中炎性细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-8的基因表达以及IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的蛋白表达,并呈剂量依赖关系.活化TLR4诱导的细胞因子上调依赖NF-кB信号传导途径,信号传导阻滞剂能抑制细胞因子的表达上调.而且初次活化后,TLR4的再次活化仍然诱导高水平的炎性细胞因子.结论:活化TLR4诱导静脉内皮细胞分泌炎性细胞因子,介导非耐受性炎症反应,提示静脉内皮细胞是重要的炎症效应细胞.     

血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1介导氧化型低密度脂蛋白促进血管平滑肌细胞表达白细胞介素6

观察氧化型低密度脂蛋白对血管平滑肌细胞白细胞介素 6表达的影响及血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1在其中的作用。人脐带动脉平滑肌细胞体外原代培养 ,传至 4～ 5代。氧化型低密度脂蛋白干预 ,观察不同时间点白细胞介素 6mRNA表达 ,及不同浓度氧化型低密度脂蛋白对白细胞介素 6和血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1mRNA表达的影响。并观察血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1抑制剂多聚肌酐酸对白细胞介素 6mRNA表达的影响。结果发现 ,(1)氧化型低密度脂蛋白作用后 ,白细胞介素 6mRNA表达显著升高 ,作用 6h出现峰值。随着氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度升高 ,白细胞介素 6mRNA和血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1mRNA表达均明显升高 ,后两者呈正相关 (r=0 .94 3,P <0 .0 1)。 (2 )多聚肌酐酸抑制血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1后 ,白细胞介素 6mRNA表达明显下降。以上表明氧化型低密度脂蛋白明显促进血管平滑肌细胞白细胞介素 6的表达 ,血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体 1在此过程中起重要介导作用。     

硫辛酸调节Toll样受体4途径对帕金森病细胞模型的保护作用和机制

目的 探究硫辛酸调节Toll样受体4(TLR4)/NF-κB/白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)途径对帕金森病细胞模型的保护作用和机制.方法 将PC12细胞分为对照组、脂多糖组、联合组(脂多糖+硫辛酸).检测各组细胞活力、细胞凋亡率、TLR4、NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达以及培养液中IL-1β水平.结果 各组细胞活力、细胞...     

核苷酸结合的寡聚结构域2激动剂与Toll样受体激动剂协同诱导血管平滑肌细胞合成促炎症细胞因子

目的 研究细胞内模式识别受体核苷酸结合的寡聚结构域(NOD)2受体在血管平滑肌细胞中的表达及其诱导血管平滑肌细胞产生促炎症细胞因子过程中的作用,并探讨它与Toll样受体(TLR)2、4在此过程中的相互关系.方法 体外培养人冠状动脉血管平滑肌细胞,用NOD2激动剂胞壁酰二肽(MDP)、TLR2激动剂(PAM3)和TLR4激动剂脂多糖(LPS)单独或联合进行刺激,用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测血管平滑肌细胞中NOD2和成纤维生长因子2mRNA的表达,用酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞培养物上清液中白介素8和肿瘤坏死因子α的浓度,用四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法检测血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性.结果 MDP能使血管平滑肌细胞中NOD2 mRNA的表达呈时间依赖性上调[0 h:(0.028±0.001);3 h:(0.045±0.002);6 h:(0.053±0.002);24 h:(0.162±0.013)],并能引起血管平滑肌细胞中成纤维生长因子2 mRNA的表达增加[MDP组:(9.3±0.4)vs对照组:(7.4±0.2);P＜0.05],细胞培养物上清液中白介素8[MDP组:(2.4±0.2)μg/L vs对照组:(1.0±0.1)μg/L;P＜0.05]和肿瘤坏死因子α[MDP组:(51.9±4.7)ng/L vs对照组:(29.4±3.7)ng/L;P＜0.05]的分泌增多和细胞增殖活性增加[(0.90±0.05 vs对照组:0.72±0.02;P＜0.05].MDP还能协同LPS、PAM3诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性增加,细胞培养物上清液中自介素8和肿瘤坏死因子α的分泌增加.结论 NOD2使血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性增加,诱导其分泌促炎症细胞因子.NOD2与TLR2、4在促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性增加,诱导血管平滑肌细胞分泌促炎症细胞因子的过程中具有协同作用.     

细胞因子和脂多糖对人结肠癌细胞系HT-29 Toll样受体4表达和调控的影响

背景：正常肠上皮作为物理屏障能限制肠道微生物的入侵。肠上皮细胞极低表达Toll样受体（TLR）4和髓样分化蛋白（MD）-2，不与脂多糖（LPS）反应。目的：探讨以细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、干扰素（IFN）-γ和LPS刺激人结肠癌细胞系HT-29后，TLR4和MD-2的表达及其对LPS反应性的变化。方法：将FIT-29细胞分为8组，分别加入RPMI1640、TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ、LPS、TNF-α＋LPS、IL-1β＋LPS、IFN-γ＋LPS干预；酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测各组细胞上清液内IL-8水平；逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测各组细胞TLR4和MD-2 mRNA的表达。结果：TNF-α、IL-1β和IFN-γ能显著上调HT-29细胞TLR4、MD-2 mRNA和IL-8的表达（P〈0．01）；HT-29细胞与，TNF-α、IL-β、IFN-γ预孵育后再以LPS刺激，IL-8的表达进一步上调（P〈0．01）。结论：细胞因子（TNF-α，IL-1β，IFN-γ）可增加肠上皮细胞TLR4和MD-2的表达，促进其对LPS的反应，引起肠上皮细胞对常驻菌的过度反应．从而启动或加重肠道炎症。     

TLR4与NLRP3的交叉调控信号在高尿酸血症炎症反应中的作用

目的研究Toll样受体(TLR) 4和NOD样受体蛋白(NLRP) 3调控的信号通路在原发性高尿酸血症(HUA)炎症反应中的作用。方法 HUA患者75例为HUA组,健康对照45例为HC组,提取两组外周血单个核细胞,利用Western印迹检测两组TLR4、NLRP3、核因子(NF)-κB、白细胞介素(IL)-1β的蛋白表达情况,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)实验检测两组血浆IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平。结果 HUA组TLR4、NLRP3、NF-κB、IL-1β蛋白表达水平明显高于HC组,血浆IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎性细胞因子表达显著高于HC组(均P<0. 05)。结论原发性HUA患者外周血单个核细胞中TLR4、NLRP3调控的关键信号蛋白表达上调,血浆炎性细胞因子明显增多,TLR4、NLRP3可能通过调节炎症反应参与原发性HUA疾病进程。     

羟基红花黄色素A缓解脂多糖诱导内皮细胞炎症因子表达升高的研究

目的:研究羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脐静脉血管内皮细胞(Eahy926细胞)炎症因子表达升高的作用。方法:采用RT-qPCR法测定Toll样受体4(TLR4)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)mRNA表达水平及ELISA法测定IL-6、IL-1β和TNFα蛋白表达水平。结果:HSYA浓度为5×10-6mol/L、10×10-6mol/L和20×10-6mol/L时可抑制LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL)诱导的Eahy926细胞IL-6、IL-1β和TNFαmRNA(模型组vs.正常组P值均<0.01;HSYA干预中高剂量组vs.模型组P值均<0.01;HSYA干预低剂量组vs.模型组,P值均<0.05)和TNFα蛋白(模型组vs.正常组,P值均<0.01;HSYA干预IL-1β表达的中高剂量组vs.模型组,P值<0.05;HSYA干预TNFα表达的中剂量组vs.模型组,P值<0.05;高剂量组vs.模型组,P值<0.01。HSYA干预IL-6表达的低剂量组vs.模型组,P值<0.05;HSYA干预中高剂量组vs.模型组,P值<0.01)表达的升高,并随HSYA剂量升高可见药效增强。结论:HSYA对LPS诱导的Eahy926细胞TLR4、IL-6、IL-1β、TNFα表达升高有抑制作用。     

Antiflagellin antibodies recognize the autoantigens Toll-Like Receptor 5 and Pals 1-associated tight junction protein and induce monocytes activation and increased intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease

Background and objectives. Bacterial flagellin is considered an important antigen in Crohn’s disease (CD) as it activates innate immunity through Toll‐Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) engagement and induces an elevated adaptive immune response. Little is known about the presence of an autoimmune process in CD. We aimed to identify pathogenically relevant autoantigen targets in CD. Methods. We screened a random peptide library with pooled sera of patients with active CD. Transepithelial flux of [3H] mannitol in T84 human intestinal epithelial cell line was used to study the epithelial barrier function. Monocyte activation was evaluated by surface expression of activation markers and by production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Gene modulation of T84 cells exposed to antipeptide antibodies was analysed by gene array. Results. We identified a peptide that shares homology with Salmonella typhimurium flagellin and with self‐antigens such as TLR5 and cell junction protein, Pals 1‐associated tight junction protein. The affinity‐purified antipeptide antibodies recognized the self‐antigens and induced increased intestinal epithelial cell permeability. Moreover, the antibodies induced monocyte activation upon binding TLR5. Finally, in cultured intestinal cells (T84) the purified antibodies induced the modulation of clusters of proinflammatory genes similar to the one induced by the engagment of TLR5 by its natural ligand flagellin. Conclusions. Antibodies directed against an immunodominant peptide of flagellin recognize self‐antigens and are functionally active suggesting the presence of an autoimmune process that can both facilitate loss of tolerance to intestinal microflora by increasing cell permeability and amplify the innate immunity involvement through a novel mechanism of TLR5 activation.     

Toll-like receptor 4 signalling is neither sufficient nor required for oxidised phospholipid mediated induction of interleukin-8 expression

OBJECTIVE: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signalling has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis. As oxidised phospholipids are present in atherosclerotic plaque and have been shown to modulate TLR4 signalling, we investigated the role of oxidised 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) in the regulation of TLR 1, 2, 4 and 6 signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Unlike established TLR agonists, OxPAPC did not induce NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in monocytic THP-1 cells, human aortic endothelial cells or TLR-deficient HEK-293 cells transfected with TLRs 1, 2, 4 or 6. OxPAPC induction of IL-8 was not blocked by the TLR4 specific antagonist Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS in human aortic endothelial cells, though OxPAPC potently inhibited TLR4 mediated IL-8 induction in these cells. OxPAPC upregulated IL-8 production in TLR4 deficient HEK-293 cells and this was not increased following TLR4 overexpression. Lipids extracted from carotid atherectomy samples did not stimulate TLR 1, 2, 4 or 6 signalling in a HEK-293 transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS: TLR4 signalling does not contribute to OxPAPC induced IL-8 expression in human epithelial HEK-293, monocytic THP-1 or aortic endothelial cells. As lipids extracted from diseased human artery also induced no TLR signalling, it is likely that the TLR-activating materials contributing to atherosclerosis are not of endogenous lipid origin.     

Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4及其信号通路在原发性痛风性关节炎发病机制中作用的研究

目的 探讨Toll样受体(TLR)2、TLR4及其信号通路在痛风炎症反应中的作用.方法 应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测痛风性关节炎急性组32例、痛风性关节炎非急性组20例及健康对照组(健康体检者)32名外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)TLR2 mRNA、TLR4 mRNA水平,Western-blot检测上述3组各8例PBMCs核蛋白核因子-κB p65,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测3组血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β含量;并将上述各指标水平与痛风患者及健康体检者血尿酸水平进行相关性分析.多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用q检验.结果 TLR4 mRNA、核因子-κB D65、血浆IL-1β及血尿酸水平在痛风性关节炎急性组[(5.0+1.2)、(7.11+0.18)、(283_+83)pg/ml、(585_+123)μmol/L]和非急性组[(2.3±O.4)、(0.63±0.06)、(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/L]均显著高于健康对照组[(1.1± 0.6)、(0.52±0.12)、(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P均<0.01),痛风性关节炎急性组高于非急性组(P均<0.01);TLR2 mRNA在3组的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).痛风患者TLR4 mRNA和IL-1B水平与血浆尿酸水平呈正相关(rs=0.876,0.779;P均<0.05),而TLR2 mRNA和IL-1β水平与血浆尿酸水平无相关性(P均>0.05).健康体检者TLR4、TLR2 mRNA与血尿酸、IL-1B水平均无相关性(P均>0.05).结论 原发性痛风性关节炎可通过胞膜型模式识别受体激活固有性免疫应答,TLR4-核因子-κB-IL-1β信号通路参与了痛风免疫及炎症反应调节,痛风患者体内尿酸盐晶体与TLR4及其信号通路激活有关.

Abstract：

objective The roles of TLRs and their signal pathway in gouty arthritis(GA)were explored.Methods TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in PBMCs,IL-1β level was detected using ELISA in plasma,and NF-κB p65 protein level in PBMCs was measured using Western blot.Level of TLR2 mRNA,ILR4 mRNA,IL-1β,NF-κB p65protein was compared among acute GA,non-acute GA and healthy controls.Correlation between TLR2mRNA,TLR4 mRNA and serum uric acid,IL-1β level in GA patients was analyzed.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data between multiple groups and q-test was used for two-two comparison.Spearman's analysis was applied for correlation analysis.Resuits The expression of TLR4 mRNA,NF-KB p65 protein,IL-1β arid serum uric acid level in patients with acute GA [(5.0±1.2), (7.11±0.18), (283±83)pg/ml,[585±123)μmol/L] was significantly increased compared to non-acute GA[(2.3±0.4),(0.63±0.06),(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/Lj and healthy controls(1.1±0.6),(0.52±0.12),(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P<0.01,respectively).Significant diffefence was also observed between non-acute GA patients and healthy controls(P<0.05,respectively).The level of TLRR4 mRNA was positively correlated with uric acid and IL-1β level in GA patients(rs=0.876,0.779;P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion Innate immunity are activated by membrane-type pattern recognition receptors in primary GA.TLR4-NFκB p65-IL-1β signat transduction may participate in the inflammatory mechanisms of gout.Urate crystals in patients with gout may:be involved in the activation of TLR4 and its signal pathway.     

TOLL样受体4对哮喘气道平滑肌细胞分泌IL-5、IL-8的影响

目的探讨TOLL样受体4（TLR4）在哮喘气道炎症反应中的作用及机制。方法 建立哮喘大鼠模型,分离、培养其气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）,传至6代后随机分为转染组和对照组,转染组应用小分子RNA干扰技术、脂质体转染法进行小干扰RNA（siRNA）-TLR4转染,对照组为空白对照。培养24h后应用ELISA法检测两组细胞培养上清液中IL-5、IL-8水平,应用RT-PCR和Western-blot法检测细胞中TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果转染组IL-5、IL-8水平及TLR4 mRNA、蛋白表达水平均显著低于对照组（P均〈0.01）。结论TLR4可能通过促进ASMCs合成分泌IL-5、IL-8而加重哮喘气道炎症反应,此为临床靶向治疗提供了理论依据。     

Tenascin C upregulates interleukin-6 expression in human cardiac myofibroblasts via toll-like receptor 4

AIM:To investigate the effect of Tenascin C(TNC)on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrixmetalloproteinases in human cardiac myofibroblasts(CMF).METHODS:CMF were isolated and cultured from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.Cultured cells were treated with either TNC(0.1μmol/L,24 h)or a recombinant protein corresponding to different domains of the TNC protein;fibrinogen-like globe(FBG)and fibronectin typeⅢ-like repeats(TNⅢ5-7)(both 1μmol/L,24 h).The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines;interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,TNFαand the matrix metalloproteinases;MMPs(MMP1,2,3,9,10,MT1-MMP)was assessed using real time RT-PCR and western blot analysis.RESULTS:TNC increased both IL-6 and MMP3(P0.01)mR NA levels in cultured human CMF but had no significant effect on the other markers studied.The increase in IL-6 mR NA expression was mirrored by an increase in protein secretion as assessed by enzymelinked immunosorbant assay(P0.01).Treating CMF with the recombinant protein FBG increased IL-6mR NA and protein(P0.01)whereas the recombinant protein TNⅢ5-7 had no effect.Neither FBG nor TNⅢ5-7 had any significant effect on MMP3 expression.The expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)in human CMF was confirmed by real time RT-PCR,western blot and immunohistochemistry.Pre-incubation of cells with TLR4neutralising antisera attenuated the effect of both TNC and FBG on IL-6 mR NA and protein expression.CONCLUSION:TNC up-regulates IL-6 expression in human CMF,an effect mediated through the FBG domain of TNC and via the TLR4 receptor.