肝细胞癌门静脉主干癌栓微血管形成和细胞增殖的关系

目的 研究肝细胞癌血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)和微血管密度（micro-vessel density,MVD)的关系，及其对肝癌门静脉主干癌栓形成和转移的影响。方法 用原位杂交等技术检测16例肝癌PVTT（A1组）、其原发癌（A2组）和20例无转移肝癌（B组）VEGF、PCNA表达。结果 A1组、A2组VEGF mRNA和蛋白质阳性表达率均高于B组，A1组细胞平均吸光度高于A2组（t=8.83,P值均＜0．01）。B组、A2组、A1组PCNA阳性表达和MVD均呈升高趋势（P值均＜0．01）。A1组、A2组VEGF mNRA、蛋白质表达与MVD、增殖细胞核抗原标记指数（PCNA－LI）有良好相关性，r在0.65-0.95范围，P值均＜0．01。在A1、A2、B组MVD、PCNA－LI之间存在良好的相关性，r在0．78－0．97范围，P值均＜0．01。结论 VEGF过量表达是肝细胞癌微血管形成和癌细胞增生活跃的重要原因；丰富的微血管形成和癌细胞的快速生长是肝癌转移和门静脉主干癌栓形成的重要机制之一。     

VEGF、Ang-2形成中的作用在Graves病血管形成中的作用

采用S—P免疫组织化学法检测35例Graves病患者甲状腺组织切除标本（观察组）和11例甲状腺良性腺瘤患者的正常甲状腺组织（对照组）中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、促血管生成素-2（Ang-2）蛋白的表达和CD34标记的微血管密度（MVD），并分析其相关性。结果 观察组VEGF、Ang-2的表达程度明显高于对照组（P均〈0．05）;观察组VEGF蛋白表达与Ang-2蛋白表达呈显著正相关（r=0.351，P〈0．05）．二者的表达程度与MVD亦均呈显著正相关（r分别为0．723、0．675，P均〈0．01）。提示VEGF、Ang-2表达在Graves病甲状腺血管形成中起重要作用。     

乳腺组织癌变过程中VEGF表达及其与血管生成的相关性

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化SP法分别检测50份正常乳腺组织（正常组）、24份乳腺不典型增生组织（良性组）以及50份乳腺浸润性导管癌组织（恶性组）标本中VEGF表达水平,计算微血管密度（MVD值）。结果恶性组VEGF表达及MVD值均明显高于良性组及正常组（P均〈0．01）。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中VEGF表达与MVD值呈正相关（r=0．211,P=0．004）。结论VEGF高表达可促进肿瘤血管生成,从而促进乳腺组织癌变。     

COX-2和MMP-9在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的: 观察食管鳞癌组织、癌旁正常黏膜中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及其与微血管密度(MVD)的关系, 探讨COX-2和MMP-9对食管鳞癌血管生成的作用与意义.方法: 应用SP法对90例食管鳞癌组织和34例癌旁正常黏膜的COX-2、MMP-9及CD34进行免疫组织化学染色, 检测癌组织、癌旁正常食管黏膜组织的COX-2与MMP-9表达及MVD, 并分析COX-2、MMP-9的表达与MVD之间, 以及他们与食管鳞癌临床病理特征之间的关系.结果: 食管鳞癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9的阳性表达率和MVD分别为84.8%、82.2%和29.70±3.82, 显著高于癌旁正常黏膜的20.6%、14.7%和15.1±2.38. COX-2的表达与肿瘤的TNM分期、分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关( P<0.01). MMP-9、MVD的表达与肿瘤的TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关( P<0.01);COX-2表达与MVD呈显著正相关( r = 0.607,P<0.01); COX-2与MMP-9的表达正相关( r =0.740, P<0.01); MMP-9的表达与MVD值之间呈正相关( r = 0.718, P<0.01).结论: COX-2与MMP-9异常表达在食管鳞癌的血管生成中起重要作用, COX-2、MMP-9及其诱导的血管生成与食管鳞癌的侵袭和转移密切相关.     

COX-2、VEGF、MVD联合检测对食管鳞癌预后的判断价值

目的探讨环氧化酶（COX-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、微血管密度（MVD）联合检测对判断食管鳞癌预后的价值。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测45例食管鳞癌组织及10例正常食管黏膜组织的COX-2、VEGF表达,并计数NVD,分析其与食管鳞癌临床病理特征、疾病无进展生存时间（TTP）及总生存率（OS）的关系。结果食管癌组织MVD值为（37．32±11．85）个／Hp,COX-2阳性表达率为64．4％,与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关（r=0．389,0．412;P均〈0．05）。VEGF阳性表达率为64．4％,与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关（r=0．441,0．436;P均〈0．05）。VEGF和COX-2的表达具有相关性（r=0．312）。多因素Cox回归分析表明,COX-2表达水平、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移为影响TTP的危险因素,COX-2、淋巴结转移为影响OS的危险因素。结论COX-2、VEGF和MVD均为判断食管癌预后的有效指标,其中COX-2可能是食管癌预后的独立预测因子。     

柴胡皂甙D对实验性大鼠肝癌血管形成的抑制作用

目的:观察柴胡皂甙D(saikosaponin-d,SSd)对大鼠肝脏癌变过程中环氧化酶-2(cycloxvRenas-2,COX-2)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial cell growth factor,VEGF)及CD34表达的调节作用,并探讨其与SSd抗肝肿瘤作用的关系.方法:清洁级雄性SD大鼠90只,随机分为5组:模型组(n=20),对照组(n=10)与SSd大、中、小剂量治疗组(各组n=20).对照组给予(ig)等量生理盐水,其余各组大鼠均给予(ig)2 g/L二乙基亚硝胺(DEN,10 mg/kg),每周5次,同时各治疗组每天腹腔注射不同浓度SSd(2.0,1.5,1.0 mg/kg),至16 wk停药.分别于第6、12、16周处死大鼠.HE染色观察实验大鼠各期肝组织病理学结构的改变,免疫组化检测大鼠肝脏癌变过程中COX-2、ⅦGF及CD34的表达.结果:实验第6、12、16周,单纯造模组大鼠呈现典型的肝细胞损伤、增生硬化和肝癌形成的病理变化.SSd各治疗组大鼠癌结节数及灶的大小均小于模型组.镜下单纯造模组癌细胞呈多形性,异形性明显;相反,SSd各干预组癌细胞分化程度高,异形性较低.免疫组化结果显示COX-2、VEGF及CD34均在诱癌早期表达较少,肝癌期表达明显增强.SSd干预后,肝癌形成期COX-2、VEGF及CD34表达的抑制作用最明显,与单纯造模组相比差异显著(p＜0.05或P＜0.01);COX-2与VEGF(r=0.815,P＜0.01),VEGF与MVD(r=0.862,P＜0.01)以及COX-2与MVD(r=0.726,P＜0.01)的表达均明显正相关.结论:SSd对实验性大鼠肝癌形成具有一定的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与SSd下调肝肿瘤中COX-2的表达,抑制VEGF的活性有关.     

血管内皮生长因子和内抑素在大鼠糖尿病肾病发病中的作用

目的研究血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）作为促血管生长因子和内抑素（ENS）作为血管生成抑制因子,在糖尿病肾病（DN）血管生成中的作用。方法以正常大鼠为对照,30只雄性Wistar大鼠建成糖尿病模型,分别于糖尿病模型建立2、4、8周观察24小时尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）,用免疫组织化学染色显示大鼠肾组织VEGF和ENS的表达及半定量分析;用酶联免疫法测定血中VEGF和ENS的浓度,根据DN病理学改变确定DN的血管增生严重性,分析内皮细胞增生、肾小球中弥漫或结节病变及肾小球硬化与VEGF和ENS的关系;采用RT-PCR的方法观察大鼠肾脏VEGF和ENSmRNA的表达。结果DN大鼠肾组织VEGF和ENS的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;DN大鼠血清VEGF和ENS水平也明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。DN大鼠UAER与血浆VEGF和ENS相关（r=0．468,P〈0．01;r=0．395,P〈0．05）,DN大鼠无论在血中还是肾组织免疫组化和RT-PCR都有VEGF和ENS的表达,VEGF的表达与DN血管增生程度密切相关（r=0．404～0．476,P〈0．01～0．05）,ENS的表达也与DN严重程度密切相关（r=0．409~0．617,P〈0．05～0．01）,血浆VEGF和ENS二者具有正相关性（r=0．484,P〈0．01）。结论VEGF和ENS与DN血管增生密切相关。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体与肺癌血管新生的研究

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子及其受体促进肺癌血管新生的机制，探讨肺癌治疗的新策略。方法：共收集49份原发性支气管肺癌标本，用免疫组织化学技术检测微血管密度（MVD），血管内皮生长因子（VEGF），受体1（Flt1)受体2（KDR）在肺癌组织不同细胞成份中的表达程度。用Kaplan-Meier方法比较不同血管密度患者的生存情况。结果：（1）VEGF，Flt1和KDR在肿瘤细胞，基质成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞上均有表达。（2）肺癌组织MVD与肿瘤TNM分期，临床分期，病理类型和分化程度等关联不明显，但微血管高密度组患者生存时间短，预后差（P＜0．05）。而Flt1和KDR在血管高密度组的表达程度均明显高于低密度组（P＜0．01）。（4）肿瘤细胞与基质成纤维细胞VEGF的表达程度有密切关联并且具有良好的一到场生。（5）肿瘤细胞VEGF与肿瘤细胞和血管内皮细胞KDR的表达均具有一致性，而与Flt1的表达却不具有一致性。结论：（1）肺癌组织MVD不受或较少受其它临床因素干扰，是肺中层得评估疗效，推测预后的一个独立和良好的指标。（2）VEGF促进血管新生的作用不单取决于其自身，还必须通过受体Flt1和KDR的介导才能实现，VEGF及其受体是抗肿瘤治疗良好的新靶点。（3）肿瘤细胞和基质成纤维细胞可能都分泌VEGF。（4）VEGF通过受体介导的机制均包含旁分泌和自分泌，但两种受体的重要性不同，KDR可能起主要作用。     

Ang-2在食管鳞癌血管生成中的作用

应用免疫组化SP法检测食管鳞癌及食管断端正常鳞状上皮中促血管生成素（Ang）-2、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，以及CD105标记的微血管密度（MVD）。结果显示，Ang-2蛋白表达主要定位于肿瘤细胞的胞质和胞膜，尤其是癌灶边缘血管重建区。食管鳞癌组织中Ang-2和VEGF蛋白表达显著高于食管断端正常鳞状上皮（P〈0．01），癌组织中Ang-2表达程度与VEGF表达程度及MVD呈明显正相关（P〈0．01，〈0．05）。提示食管鳞癌组织中Ang-2高水平表达可能促进肿瘤新生血管形成．促进食管鳞癌的发生发展。     

VEGF和ENS在糖尿病大鼠肾病发病中的作用

以正常大鼠为对照，24只建模雄性Wistar大鼠，分别于第2、4、8周观察24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAR），用免疫组织化学染色显示大鼠肾组织VEGF和ENS的表达及半定量分析；用酶联免疫法测定血中VEGF和ENS的浓度，根据DN病理学改变确定血管增生严重性，分析与VEGF和ENS的关系；采用RT—PCR的方法观察大鼠肾脏VEGF和ENSmRNA的表达。结果DN大鼠UAR与血浆VEGF和ENS相关（r=0．468P〈0．001，r=0．395P〈O．05），DN大鼠都有VEGF和ENS的表达，VEGF的表达与DN血管增生程度密切相关（r=0．404～0．476，P〈0．01～0．03），ENS的表达也与DN严重程度密切相关（r：0．409—0．617，P〈0．03～0．001），血浆VEGF和ENS二者具有相关性（r=0．484，P〈0．01）。结论VEGF和ENS的调节机制可能参与DN的发病。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在肺气肿患者肺组织中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(VEGF受体2/KDR)在肺气肿患者肺组织中的表达及其与肺气肿的相关性。方法取35例行肺叶切除术患者[A组(吸烟伴肺气肿组)16例,B组(不吸烟肺功能正常组)14例,C组(吸烟但肺功能正常组)5例]的外周肺组织标本,ELISA法检测肺组织匀浆中VEGF的含量,免疫组化法检测KDR蛋白表达,RT PCR检测VEGF和KDRmRNA水平,TUNEL法检测肺泡隔细胞的凋亡。结果A组患者肺组织VEGF、KDR表达均低于B组(P<0.01),肺泡隔细胞凋亡率高于B组(P<0.01)。C组与B组相比,VEGF及KDR表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论VEGF及KDR水平减少与肺泡隔细胞凋亡的增加可能与肺气肿的发生相关。     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白和环氧合酶-2与乙型肝炎相关肝癌微血管生成和转移的关系及其可能机制

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HBX)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)组织微血管生成和转移中的关系及其可能的调节机制. 方法选择84例乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞肝癌组织和22例非乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞肝癌组织,免疫组织化学法检测HBX、COX-2及血管内皮细胞表面抗原(CD34)的表达,光镜下记录微血管计数(MVD).Spearman相关性分析HBX、COX-2与乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织微血管生成及转移中的关系; Western blot和RT-PCR检测稳定转染HBX肝癌细胞HepG2(HepG2-X)中COX-2的变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测HepG2-X培养上清液中前列腺素E2(PGE2)表达水平及不同浓度(10、30、50 μ mol/L和70 μmol/L)COX-2选择性抑制剂塞来昔布作用后PGE2的表达水平;锥虫蓝拒染法检测细胞生长速度.结果 乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中HBx、COX-2均高表达,HBx阳性表达组中COX-2阳性率为88.87%(55/62),明显高于HBx阴性组的31.82%(7/22,x2=27.188,P＜0.01)和非乙型肝炎相关性HCC组40.91%(9/22,x2=20.453,P＜0.01);HBx阴性表达的乙型肝炎相关性HCC组和非乙型肝炎相关性HCC组中COX-2阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.393,P=0.531); HBx和COX-2在转移组表达高于无转移组(P＜0.01);HBx及COX-2的阳性表达组平均MVD值均明显高于HBx阴性组和非乙型肝炎相关性HCC组(P＜0.05),且转移组MVD高于无转移组(P＜0.01);门静脉侵犯组高于非侵犯组(P＜0.01);Spearman相关性分析结果提示HBx、COX-2在乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织微血管生成及转移中的表达呈正相关(Rs=0.568,P＜0.01);在HepG2-X细胞中,COX-2蛋白及mRNA表达水平与转染空载体的对照肝癌细胞HepG2 (空载体转染HepG2细胞,HepG2-PC)相比,均显著提高,并且细胞培养上清液中PGE2表达水平也显著提高;和转染空载体的对照细胞相比,塞来昔布对转染HBx基因的细胞分泌PGE2具有更强的抑制作用.结论 HBx、COX-2在乙型肝炎相关性HCC中有较高的表达水平,二者呈正相关,与HCC微血管生成和侵袭转移密切相关.COX-2可能是HBx促使肝癌组织微血管生成和转移的一个重要中间分子,其可能的调节机制是通过HBx、COX-2及PGE2作为信号转导通路在HCC的浸润与迁移,在微血管生成与转移的过程中发挥双重作用.     

Heterogeneous expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase within colorectal tumors: Correlation with tumor angiogenesis

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the cyclooxygenase (COX) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways are involved in the development of tumor angiogenesis in human cancers.AimsTo investigate whether a different pattern of COX-2 and iNOS expression/activity exists within different areas of colorectal tumors and to analyze the relationship between these two enzymes and tumor angiogenesis.MethodsMicrovessel density (MVD) and COX-2, iNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) protein expression were evaluated at both the invasive front (IF) and the tumor center (TC) in 46 human colorectal cancer specimens. We also investigated the concentration of PGE₂ and NO at the same sites.ResultsCOX-2 and iNOS protein expression and activity were significantly higher within the IF than the TC of the tumor specimens. Similarly, MVD and VEGF/VEGFR-2 expression significantly increased from the TC to the IF. Only COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with MVD and VEGF/VEGFR-2 expression at both the TC and the IF.ConclusionOur study shows a heterogeneous expression of COX-2 and iNOS in colorectal cancer. The up-regulation of COX-2 at the IF parallels an increase in vessel density and VEGF/VEGFR-2 expression, thus supporting the hypothesis that the tumor periphery is the most aggressive portion of a colorectal tumor.     

Effect of arsenic trioxide on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors Flt-1 and KDR in gastric cancer in nude mice

AIM: To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR) in human gastric tumor cells and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: The solid tumor model was formed in nude mice with the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. The animals were treated with As2O3. Microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Flt-1 and KDR were detected by immunofluorescence laser confocal microscopy. SGC-7901 cells were treated respectively by exogenous recombinant human VEGF165 or VEGF165 As2O3. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cell viability of ECV304 cells was measured by MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using ? ow cytometry. RESULTS: The tumor growth inhibition was 30.33% and 50.85%, respectively, in mice treated with As2O3 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. MVD was signifi cantly lower in arsenic-treated mice than in the control group. The ? uorescence intensity levels of Flt-1 and KDR were significantly less in the arsenic-treated mice than in the control group. VEGF165 may accelerate growth of SGC7901 cells, but As2O3 may disturb the stimulating effect of VEGF165. ECV304 cell growth was suppressed by 76.51%, 71.09% and 61.49% after 48 h treatment with As2O3 at 0.5, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L, respectively. Early apoptosis in the As2O3- treated mice was 2.88-5.1 times higher than that in the controls, and late apoptosis was 1.17-1.67 times higherthan that in the controls. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that As2O3 delays tumor growth, inhibits MVD, down-regulates Flt-1 and KDR expression, and disturbs the stimulating effect of VEGF165 on the growth of SGC7901 cells. These results suggest that As2O3 might delay growth of gastric tumors through inhibiting the paracrine and autocrine pathways of VEGF/VEGFRs.     

胃、肠息肉中VEGF、KDR及MVD的表达及相关性

目的探讨胃、肠息肉中血管内皮生成因子(VEGF)、激酶插入嵌合受体/胎肝激酶-1(KDR)、微血管密度(MVD)的表达及相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF及KDR在胃、肠息肉组织中的表达水平,计数微血管密度(MVD)。结果胃、肠息肉组织中VEGF、KDR及MVD的表达显著低于胃、肠癌(P0.05),显著高于正常胃、肠黏膜(P0.05),且胃、肠息肉中VEGF、KDR的表达呈正相关(P0.01);直径2.0 cm息肉中VEGF、KDR的表达显著高于直径1.0 cm者,且在年龄50岁患者中表达增高;肠息肉中VEGF、KDR在绒毛状腺瘤、表面呈分叶状者中表达量高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肠息肉中VEGF、KDR的表达显著高于胃息肉(P0.01)。结论直径2.0 cm、年龄50岁的患者癌变概率高,肠息肉中腺瘤性息肉、分叶状息肉癌变率高;肠息肉癌变率高于胃息肉,VEGF、KDR、MVD及其相互作用对促进息肉血管生成及癌变的过程可能起到重要作用。     

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and angiogenesis in gastric hyperplastic polyp--association with polyp size

BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, and plays an important role in tumor enlargement. COX-2 is expressed in human gastric and colorectal tumors, and the expression increases in a tumor size-dependent manner. In the present study, we attempted to examine the COX-2 expression pattern in gastric hyperplastic polyp, a non-tumorous lesion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight gastric hyperplastic polyps, obtained by endoscopic polypectomy, were immunostained with anti-COX-2 and antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by von Willebrand factor immunostaining. RESULTS: In larger gastric hyperplastic polyps, COX-2 was expressed mainly on the luminal side of the polyp stroma, while it was absent in smaller polyps. A significant correlation between COX-2 immunoreactivity and polyp size was observed (p < 0.01). High VEGF expression and MVD were observed mainly in the same stromal region of the polyps where COX-2 was expressed. Both VEGF expression and MVD were also correlated with polyp size significantly (ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 expression increased in a size-dependent manner in non-tumorous hyperplastic polyps, suggesting that COX-2 expression is not necessarily linked to epithelial cell transformation. Moreover, COX-2 may participate in polyp enlargement through angiogenesis by promoting VEGF production.     

Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human gastric carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of gastric carcinoma and correlation between expression of COX-2 and VEGF and clinicopathologic features in tissues from patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: 281 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent surgical resection between 1990 and 1999 at the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, PRC, were followed up. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF was investigated retrospectively in 232 gastric carcinoma tissues and 60 noncancerous specimens by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) and advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC) were 93.4 % and 59.0 %, respectively. Survival time was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, depth of invasion and treatment with chemotherapy. Compared with paired noncancerous tissues, expression of COX-2 and VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) value in carcinoma tissue were significantly higher. The MVD value was much higher in COX-2-positive group and VEGF-positive group than that in COX-2-negative group and VEGF-negative group. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF, as well as MVD value were highly correlated with lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion. The 5-year survival rate of patients with expression of COX-2 or VEGF was significantly lower than that of patients without COX-2 or VEGF expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that VEGF overexpression, lymph node metastasis, COX-2 overexpression, depth of invasion and vascular invasion were all independent prognostic factors of gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of COX-2 and VEGF in patients with gastric carcinoma can enhance the possibility of invasion and metastasis, implicating a poor prognosis. They may serve as the fairly good prognostic factors to indicate biologic behaviors of gastric carcinoma.     

环氧合酶-2与P-糖蛋白在人肝癌细胞中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨环氧合酶(COX)-2在肝细胞癌发生、发展中的作用及其对P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的影响. 方法 收集2003年10月-2005年6月因肝癌切除术切取的肝癌组织标本,用RTPCR、免疫组织化学方法分别检测COX-2 mRNA和COX-2蛋白在肝癌组织和腹部手术取得的正常肝组织中的表达.同时检测多药耐药基因1 mRNA和P-gp在肝癌组织中的表达情况,并分析COX-2与P-gp在肝癌组织中表达的相关性.各样本率间比较采用x2检验、用精确概率法分析组间差异,样本间均数的比较用t检验,用Spearman' s等级相关公式分析COX-2和P-gp的相关性.结果 共收集肝癌组织52例,正常肝组织20例.正常肝组织中未见COX-2表达,COX-2表达在中、低分化肝癌组织的阳性率(94.1％)高于高分化肝癌组织(38.9％,x2= 6.80,P＜0.01);在HBsAg阳性的肝癌组织中的表达(91.7％)高于HBsAg阴性的肝癌组织(62.5％,x2= 4.70,P＜0.05);在合并肝硬化的肝癌组织中的表达(96.7％)高于无肝硬化的肝癌组织(63.6％,x2= 7.51,P＜0.01);P-gp在癌组织中的表达(86.6％)高于相应的癌旁组织(30.7％,x2= 64.42,P＜0.01).RT-PCR检测结果显示COX-2 mRNA在正常肝组织中无表达,而多药耐药基因l mRNA在肝癌组织和正常肝组织中均有表达.同时表达COX-2和多药耐药基因1为42例,两者呈正相关(r=0.563,P＜0.01).结论 本研究结果提示COX-2参与了以P-gp介导的肝癌的多药耐药机制.     

人肝癌组织血管内皮生长因子及微血管密度分析的临床价值

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肝癌(HCC)微血管形成、生长和转移方面的作用。 方法 以免疫组织化学法分析36例HCC组织中VEGF表达状态和细胞内分布,采用微血管染色方法测定微血管密度(MVD),并定量检测癌及癌周组织中总RNA和VEGF水平。 结果 所有HCC组织中VEGF阳性率为63.9％,无包膜组为78.3％,伴有远处转移组为90.9％;VEGF表达与MVD密切相关(t=4.49,,P<0.01);HCC组织VEGF水平或MVD值,在肿瘤直径大小组及肿瘤分化程度高低组间差异无显著性;HCC组织总RNA水平低于癌旁及远癌组织,而VEGF水平明显高于癌旁和远癌组织(q=6.10,P<0.01)。 结论VEGF过度表达和MVD异常是反映HCC侵润生长及转移的有效指标。     

Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in vascularization and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancers with submucosal invasion

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although patients with early colorectal cancer invading the submucosa (CRC-sm) may be treated with endoscopic mucosal resection alone, they generally undergo additional surgery because of the risk of lymph node metastasis. The aims of the present study were to examine the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor vascularization and to investigate whether COX-2 and VEGF expression and tumor vascularity are useful markers for predicting lymph node metastasis in CRC-sm. METHODS: Twenty-seven resected specimens of CRC-sm with lymph node dissection were examined, and expression of COX-2 and VEGF was evaluated immunohistochemically and scored. Microvessel density (MVD) in CRC-sm tissues was estimated using a Macscope system after CD34 immunostaining. The relationships among clinicopathological parameters, COX-2 and VEGF expression, and MVD in CRC-sm tissues were then analyzed. RESULTS: Scores for COX-2, VEGF and MVD were all significantly higher in patients with CRC-sm with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis. COX-2 score (P < 0.0001) and VEGF score (P = 0.035) were significantly correlated with MVD in CRC-sm tissues. In addition, COX-2 score was significantly correlated with VEGF score in the CRC-sm specimens examined. CONCLUSIONS: Both COX-2 and VEGF are involved in tumor vascularization in CRC-sm. COX-2 expression, VEGF expression, and MVD are possible markers for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC-sm, and use of COX-2 expression may be clinically practical.