中专护生情商与压力现状调查分析及培养对策

目的 对护生的情商、压力现状进行调查分析,为今后开展护理教育提供依据.方法 运用情商自评量表及自编护生压力问卷.对532名护生进行问卷调查.结果 护生总体情商处于中等水平以上,低情商者仅占1.13%(6/532).护生的压力水平处于中等以下,认为压力很高者仅占1.69%(9/532).结论 不能正确评价自己.过高估计自己的能力,藐视压力,是护生的主要表现.护理教育应关注情商培养,提高护生承受挫折的能力.     

对实习护生的情商调查分析与教育策略

本文认为，教师在临床教学工作中要结合教学实践分析护生的情商指数，制定情商培养的方法，使实习护生在教学活动中能充分表达自我个性，约束自我言行，保持平衡的心态，认识自我价值，达到妥善运用情感的能力；并提示，在教学活动中加强对护生情商的培养有助于护士素质的提高。     

外科护理学实践教学中情商教育的应用探讨

情商是一个人取得成功的极为重要的因素,外科护理学作为高职高专护理专业学生必修的一门专业课,其学习效果的评价不仅注重考核结果,加强护生储备期的护患沟通和临床实践技能、团队协作能力等方面同等重要。为使学生今后进入临床更好的从事护理工作,在外科护理实践教学中关注学生情商教育和素质教育,重视护生更高教育层面的培养,以达到专业知识的学习和情商提高的同步发展,为培养优秀的临床护理人才奠定基础。     

关注护生的情商培养

在一个人的成长和成才道路上,情商起决定作用。护生是未来的护士,其情商的高低,直接影响他们在校期间的学习、生活,毕业后的临床工作,甚至一生的成就大小。所以护理教育除了要注重专业知识和技能的培养外,更要注重护生情商的培养。     

提高护生情商,增强心理素质

<正> 当前护理事业的蓬勃发展、医学模式的转变,国内外护理交流的日益增进、护理工作范围的不断拓展以及护理工作者视野的不断开阔等,都为护理教育提出了更高的要求。护生毕业后要面对病人、解决较日常生活更为复杂的护理问题、护患关系,要与患者有效地沟通并帮助患者解决心理问题。这样要求护理人员只掌握高超的操作技能及相关的医学理论知识是远远不够的,还必须具备相当的心理素质。培养护生良好的心理素质应从医学素质教育的基础来抓,必须从提高护生的情商(EQ)入手。1 情商的内涵 情商(EQ),其全称为“情绪智力商数”,是美国耶鲁大学     

护士情商培养的必要性

从情商的概念出发,就情商在护理工作中的重要性,适时调整自身情绪,保持健康的心理状态,增加护士幸福感及工作热情;同时提高工作效率及自身素质。建立和维系良好的护患关系是护士情商在护理申应用的途径。     

对实习护生的情商调查分析与教育策略

本文认为,教师在临床教学工作中要结合教学实践分析护生的情商指数,制定情商培养的方法,使实习护生在教学活动中能充分表达自我个性,约束自我言行,保持平衡的心态,认识自我价值,达到妥善运用情感的能力;并提示,在教学活动中加强对护生情商的培养有助于护士素质的提高。     

五年制高职护生情商的培养

采用自制调查问卷对150名五年制高职护生进行调查,了解到护生具有年龄小、多为独生子女、对护理专业不了解、耐挫折能力差、不善于与人沟通等特点。通过组织大型活动、知识竞赛、游戏、讲座、演讲、临床情景的设定、角色扮演、技术比武、心理咨询等方法培养护生的敬业精神、情绪自控能力、心理承受能力、换位思考能力、团队精神,提高了高职护生的情商,使护生在初涉社会阶段能尽快进入角色,适应临床护理工作。     

神经外科的护理带教体会

护理带教是护理教学工作中的重要组成部分，是护理教育理论联系实际的重要环节，它既巩固了护生的理论知识，又训练了护生的基本技巧，培养及锻炼了护生独立工作的能力。神经外科危重病人多，基础护理繁重，病人死亡率高，因而造成护生在临床实习前便产生了畏惧、恐惧的心理，给临床带教带来一定的难度。因此，在神经外科护生的带教过程中，首先，应加强思想品德、专业思想的教育；其次，应讲述各种疾病的观察重点、护理要点，然后进行操作训练，理论联系实践地进行个案护理带教，最后由护生单独对某一病人或几个病人进行护理，做到带教放手不放眼，协助护生完成护理工作。     

实习护生伦理教育中的情商运用

目的:探讨运用情商在实习护生伦理教育中的意义。方法:采用座谈、问卷调查的方法对156名实习学员的意识情商和情商进行调查、打分,分析评估其积分。结果:156份调查表中属"高情商"者17人(10.89%),"平均数水平"者39人(25.00%);"低情商"者85人(54.48%);属"需看心理医生"、"情商很成问题"、"情商未开化"者仅15人(占10%左右)。结论:研究表明:不同实习护生有不同情商指数,根据测得的情商资料,挑选高素质的带教老师、制定情商培养方案对于实习护生带教具有重要意义;情商高低不是与生俱来的,而是后天培养和训练的结果。指出在构建和谐医、护、患关系的时代主题下,在伦理教育中加强对护生情商的培养是提高护士素质、和谐护患关系的必要途径。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.