腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层23例临床分析

目的探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症及防治原则；观察近、中期临床疗效。方法自2003年3月～2006年1月，对23例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行腔内隔绝术治疗，笔者对临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前采用CT血管造影（CTA）或磁共振血管造影（MRA）对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估，术中在数字减影血管造影（DSA）监视下经股动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口，术后行影像学及症状学随访观察。结果术中成功释放移植物22例，术后即刻DSA造影显示18例近段破口完全被封闭，动脉瘤消失，4例发生内漏，其中2例再次置入支架后内漏消失。术后2例患者发生腹主动脉夹层，其中1例再次行腔内隔绝术。1例患者发生肠系膜动脉栓塞引起肠坏死而死亡。22例患者术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等并发症，术后生命体征平稳，切口愈合，出院，术后经过CTA及症状学随访显示无严重并发症，生活质量明显提高。结论腔内隔绝术是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法，近、中期随访结果表明该技术安全、有效。     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术EVGE治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的价值及应用经验。方法采用国产人工覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤9例。经核磁共振（MRI）、主动脉造影明确瘤体和夹层破口位置及大小,标记破口位置。准确选定覆膜支架型移植物,DSA监控下将支架导入瘤腔及裂口位置,完全封闭破口,使真、假腔隔绝。结果破口全部封闭成功,支架没有移位、狭窄等并发症。术后超声和螺旋CT检查假腔内有血栓形成。9例患者均康复出院。结论EVGE是一种治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的有效方法,早期结果满意,中远期效果还有待进一步观察。     

DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后移植物及血管特征的双源CT血管成像研究

采用双源CT评价DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后移植物及血管变化的特点。对39例DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后患者的双源CT血管成像图像进行分析。发现39例患者术后均无支架断裂及移位,术后内漏15例(Ⅰ型12例、Ⅱ型2例、不明原因1例),17例假腔大量血栓形成,1例支架段假腔完全吸收。术前15例肾灌注异常病例,术后肾灌注改善9例,并且越靠近原发破口封堵部位,其血管重塑情况越明显。因此,双源CT血管成像可准确评价DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后移植物情况及血管的解剖病理特点。     

腹主动脉瘤围手术期的观察与护理

目的总结腹主动脉瘤围手术期护理经验。方法回顾并总结我院2005年1月～2007年6月共11例腹主动脉手术患者的临床资料。结果9例行腹主动脉瘤切除、人造血管移植术，2例行腔内隔绝术，手术均顺利完成，术后经7～24d治疗后痊愈，围手术期无患者死亡。结论腹主动脉瘤围手术期认真、细致的观察及适宜的护理能够有效保证手术成功。     

夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术围手术期护理

目的探讨夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术围手术期护理体会。方法对18例夹层动脉瘤拟行腔内隔绝术患者进行围手术期护理,术前作好入院指导及心理护理,调整患者心理状态以适应手术,防止夹层动脉瘤破裂;术后注意作好呼吸、循环系统的护理及尿量的观察,提高成功率,并进行总结。结果18例主动脉带膜支架全部成功植入,术后除3例发热外无其它并发症发生,均在2周内康复出院。结论尽管夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝治疗系微创手术,但其本身有一定的并发症,加强围手术期护理,预防并及时处理并发症是提高手术成功率、保障患者痊愈的重要环节。     

国产支架型人工血管的实验研究与临床应用

目的研究和开发国产支架型人工血管经腔内治疗动脉疾病.方法1993年6月至1999年8月,用北京地区杂种狗24条,分别制作了腹主动脉瘤(8条)、降胸主动脉瘤(6条)、升主动脉瘤(4条)、主动脉弓瘤(4条)和动静脉瘘(2条)模型,用自制的支架型人工血管置入.置于腹主动脉的支架是编织式镍钛合金记忆金属,长3cm,直径8cm;胸主动脉支架是联体不锈钢“Z“型支架,长3cm,直径2cm.覆膜均为国产超薄涤纶人工血管.临床应用20例,男17例,女3例.主动脉夹层11例,肾下腹主动脉瘤7例和创伤性动静脉瘘2例.结果17条狗术后存活,分别于2、4、8周获取标本,支架型人工血管通畅良好,无血栓形成.临床病例中,有1例腹主动脉瘤并发肾功能不全,于术后20天血液透析中死于心肌梗塞,其余病人均被成功治疗.随访2个月至5年,除1例夹层动脉瘤术后3个月支架移位外,所有病人恢复良好.结论自制的支架型人工血管费用低,操作简便,应用前景可观.     

75例胸主动脉瘤的外科治疗临床分析

目的总结胸主动脉瘤的外科治疗方案以及经验体会。方法回顾性分析2003年9月—2013年10月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院心胸外科收治的75例各类胸主动脉病变患者的临床资料。其中9例Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者,行升主动脉+主动脉全弓置换手术3例、升主动脉+主动脉半弓置换手术6例;26例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者,行体外循环下人工血管置换8例、腔内隔绝术18例;22例风湿性主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉瘤样扩张患者(升主动脉直径>5 cm),行升主动脉置换+主动脉瓣置换术13例、升主动脉包裹+主动脉瓣置换术9例;17例马凡综合征患者行Bentall手术;1例升主动脉瘤合并先天性主动脉弓缩窄(导管后型)、主动脉瓣反流患者,在完成Bentall手术后行升主动脉至双侧股动脉搭桥手术。结果75例患者均手术顺利,手术时间65~280 min,平均(166.5依76.7)min;主动脉阻断时间28~138 min,平均(78.5依33.4)min;选择性脑灌注时间24~106 min,平均(53.1依18.7) min。1例行升主动脉+主动脉全弓置换手术患者因术后出血、多器官衰竭死亡。2例Bentall手术者因术后出血较多予二次手术止血。术后肺部感染3例、肾功能衰竭2例、短暂性室性心动过速1例、顽固性电解质紊乱1例,予积极对症治疗,均痊愈。行腔内隔绝术患者术后未见血管内漏及支架移位等并发症。65例获随访,随访6~110个月,平均(50.2依10.8)个月。随访期间,1例出现肠梗阻患者经保守治疗痊愈,1例因脑梗塞死亡,其余患者恢复满意,生活质量与治疗前相比,均得到显著提高。结论胸主动脉瘤种类较多,在进行胸主动脉瘤的治疗时,根据患者的具体情况、选择个体化治疗方案是取得良好治疗效果的关键。     

64层螺旋CT对急性主动脉综合征的诊断及腔内支架隔绝术后随访的应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT对急性主动脉综合征的诊断及腔内支架隔绝术后随访的价值。方法选择急性主动脉综合征患者59例,其中男性48例,女性11例;年龄32~85岁,平均年龄57.29岁。所有患者行CT平扫及增强扫描,原始数据在工作站上进行后处理,分析其CT表现。其中20例行腔内支架隔绝术并复查,均行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果 59例患者中,主动脉夹层40例,真假双腔及剥离内膜片均可显示,36例可见破裂口;未见明显破口的主动脉壁间血肿8例,合并壁间血肿的主动脉穿透性溃疡7例;主动脉瘤破裂4例,位于主动脉弓2例,位于降主动脉2例。20例患者术后支架通畅,未出现内漏、支架移位、血栓形成等并发症。结论 64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描是一种无创、快速的检查方法,对急性主动脉综合征具有较高的诊断及腔内支架隔绝术后的随访价值。     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的评价血管内支架置入治疗夹层动脉瘤的安全性和临床疗效。方法2000年1月至2006年12月,48例StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤患者行腔内修复术。所有患者在DSA下行左肱动脉穿刺插管、造影,了解主动脉真、假腔、夹层裂口及其与重要血管分支位置关系。腹股沟区纵切口显露股动脉,送入人工血管输送器至病变处,准确定位后,释放人工血管进行腔内修复。术后复查造影,观察真假腔血液动力学变化、内脏及下肢动脉供血的改变。结果48例患者一次性成功置入人工血管支架,2例支架未能完全封堵漏口、内漏明显,手术成功率95.8%。支架置入后假腔血压下降,机体脏器缺血状况改善,临床症状好转或消失。结论支架性人工血管腔内修复术治疗夹层动脉瘤安全可行、效果明显,值得临床进一步推广。     

主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术围术期护理

主动脉壁内膜破裂,高速的血流通过破口将动脉的内膜和中膜分离,血液从中流动,过去称为主动脉夹层动脉瘤,现称为主动脉夹层血肿,简称主动脉夹层。血管腔内隔绝术（endovasculargraftexclusion,EVGE）是指经股动脉导入人工导管,以内支架固定于动脉壁上,将血液与瘤壁隔绝,使瘤壁免受血流冲击,以达到治疗目的的一种介入治疗方法。我院2006年1月至2010年3月共收治DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层51例,现将主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术围术期护理报告如下。     

Hybrid endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm in a patient with Behçet's disease following right to left carotid-carotid bypass grafting

Endovascular repair of inflammatory aortic aneurysms has been reported as an alternative to open surgical treatment. In selective cases, adjunctive bypass surgery may be required to provide an adequate landing zone. We report a case of endovascular repair of an inflammatory aortic aneurysm in a patient with Behçet''s disease using a carotid-carotid bypass graft to provide an adequate landing zone. A 45-yr-old man with a voice change was referred to our hospital with the diagnosis of saccular aneurysm of the distal aortic arch resulting from vasculitis. Computed tomography showed a thoracic aortic aneurysm with thrombosis. Right to left carotid-carotid bypass grafting was performed. After 8 days, the patient underwent an endovascular stent graft placement distal to the origin of the innominate artery. The patient was discharged with medication and without postoperative complications after 5 days. Hybrid endovascular treatment may be suitable a complementary modality for repairing inflammatory aortic aneurysms.     

新型国产覆膜支架腔内修复肾下型腹主动脉瘤的临床对照研究：近-中期随访结果与单中心经验总结

BACKGROUND: Limited by the high financial burden of stent-graft and proof of evident-based medicine, the popularization of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, a mini-invasive method, is impeded in China. In order to reduce costs, development of domestic-made stents is imperative, but the relative research is still rare. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of domestic-made stent-graft (Percutek) and Gore Excluder in the endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS: From January to November 2014, there were 32 male patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, aged 56-79 years old with mean age of (70.2±6.9) years, admitted in the Vascular Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Clinical data were collected and retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 cases undergoing domestic-made stent-graft repair and 21 undergoing Gore Excluder repair. Aortic CT angiography was performed at 1 and 6 months after surgery, and every 6 months thereafter to evaluate the effect of the two modalities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Domestic-made stent-grafts were successfully implanted into the 11 patients, and there were 1 case of late type I endoleak, 1 of type II endoleak, 1 of iliac occlusion and 1 of death after surgery. Totally 11 stent-graft trunks, 18 iliac stent-grafts, 1 Cuff, and 1 bare metal stent were implanted in the domestic-made stent-graft group (2.8 stents/case). Totally 21 patients were subjected to Gore Excluder repair with the success rate of 90%, and 2 cases of intraoperative I type endoleak (10%), 2 of postoperative I type endoleak and 2 of postoperative II type endoleak were observed. Totally 21 stent-graft trunks, 28 iliac stent-grafts and 3 Cuff were implanted in the Gore Excluder group (2.47 stents/case). These results suggest that the novel domestic-made stent-graft has achieved a satisfactory outcome in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, showing no significant differences in related indicators with the Gore Excluder; however, the long-term outcomes still need to be further studied.     

Correlation between intrasac pressure measurements of a pressure sensor and an angiographic catheter during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm

PURPOSE: To establish a correlation between intrasac pressure measurements of a pressure sensor and an angiographic catheter placed in the same aneurysm sac before and after its exclusion by an endoprosthesis. METHODS: Patients who underwent endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and received an EndoSure wireless pressure sensor implant between March 19 and December 11, 2004 were enrolled in the study. Simultaneous readings of systolic, diastolic, mean, and pulse pressure within the aneurysm sac were obtained from the catheter and the sensor, both before and after sac exclusion by the endoprosthesis (Readings 1 and 2, respectively). Intrasac pressure measurements were compared using Pearson's correlation and Student's t test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients had the pressure sensor implanted, with simultaneous readings (i.e., recorded by both devices) obtained in 19 patients for Reading 1 and in 10 patients for Reading 2. There was a statistically significant correlation for all pressure variables during both readings, with p<0.01 for all except the pulse pressure in Reading 1 (p<0.05). Statistical significance of pressure variations before and after abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion was coincident between the sensor and catheter for diastolic (p>0.05), mean (p>0.05), and pulse (p<0.01) pressures; the sole disagreement was observed for systolic pressure, which varied, on average, 31.23 mmHg by the catheter (p<0.05) and 22 mmHg (p>0.05) by the sensor. CONCLUSION: The excellent agreement between intrasac pressure readings recorded by the catheter and the sensor justifies use of the latter for detection of post-exclusion abdominal aortic aneurysm pressurization.     

Features of Debakey III aortic dissection after endovascular graft exclusion: evaluation with DSCT angiography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prothesis and vascular features of Debakey III aortic dissection by DSCT angiography after endovascular graft exclusion. We performed a retrospective analysis of 39 Debakey III aortic dissection patients who underwent DSCT angiography after endovascular graft exclusion. After the operations in this study, all the 39 patients had no stent fracture and migration, 15 among all the 39 had endoleaks (type I 12 patients, type II 2 patients, 1 patient had no reason), 17 had large amount of thrombosis in false lumen, and 1 had false lumen outside the stent absorbed completely. While before the operations, 15 patients had abnormal renal perfusion pre-operation, and 9 of them had recovered after the operations. And the nearer located to the initial exclusive place, the more obviously the aortic remodeling occurred. In conclusion, DSCT angiography can accurately evaluate the prosthesis and anatomic-pathologic features of Debakey III aortic dissection after endovascular graft exclusion.     

腹主动脉瘤开放手术和腔内手术治疗的近期疗效分析

目的 对比分析腹主动脉瘤开放手术(OSR)与腔内修复手术(EVAR)的近期疗效。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2008年1月—2020年12月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院血管外科接受手术治疗的腹主动脉瘤患者118例,其中男102例、女16例,年龄(70.5±9.6)岁。根据手术治疗方式的不同,分为OSR组23例和EVAR组95例。观察指标:(1)比较两组患者的年龄、性别、不良生活习惯、合并症、瘤体最大径、复杂瘤颈形态等基线资料。(2)比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后禁饮食时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间,以及术后并发症和死亡发生情况。(3)术后定期复查CT血管成像(CTA),观察有无再干预、支架内血栓形成、支架内再狭窄、移植物感染、各型内漏等发生。结果 OSR组和EVAR组的基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。患者均顺利完成手术。EVAR组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后禁饮食时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间均少于OSR组,分别为(141.15±22.97) min与(242.79±29.41) min、(34.32±16.08) mL与(443.93±109.58)mL、(14.26±3.34) h与(52.25±12.05)h、(4.07±0.63) d与(6.48±0.83)d、(21.88±1.78) d与(24.44±2.44)d,差异均有统计学意义(t=17.919、17.881、14.978、15.532、4.745,P值均＜0.05);两组患者围手术期并发症发生率及死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。患者均获随访1年,除EVAR组2例出现轻微Ⅱ型内漏外,均无严重并发症发生。结论 腹主动脉瘤的OSR和EVAR均能取得良好的近期治疗效果。与OSR相比较,EVAR手术时间更短,术中出血更少,术后禁饮食、卧床及住院时间更短,术后恢复更快。     

周围动脉瘤的外科和介入治疗

目的：总结周围动脉瘤的诊断、外科和介入治疗体会。方法：20例周围动脉瘤患者，2例行腔内修复治疗，18例行外科手术治疗，后者中损伤动脉管壁裂口直接修补3例，动脉瘤切除自体大隐静脉移植11例、人造血管移植3例，股深动脉假性动脉瘤切除及动静脉瘘结扎1例；1例合并髂动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤者同时行髂动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤切除人工血管移植术，1例合并下肢缺血患者行胭动脉切开取栓，1例并发小腿骨筋膜室综合征者行切开减压术。结果i2例腔内修复治疗者一期治愈出院。18例手术患者，16例一期治愈出院；1例出现远端肢体缺血行动脉切开取栓后痊愈出院，另1例小腿骨筋膜切开减压者行二期植皮，并遗留部分腓总神经缺血症状。随访17例，随访时间4个月～5年（平均15个月），均未发现肢体远端明显缺血症状和动脉瘤复发。结论：周围动脉瘤选择恰当的治疗方法均可获得良好的疗效，腔内修复治疗周围动脉瘤是安全可行的。     

Limited feasibility in endovascular aneurysm repair using currently available graft in Korea

Despite the wide acceptance of endovascular aneurysmal repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR), stringent morphologic criteria recommended by manufacturers may preclude this treatment in patients with AAA. The purpose of this study was to investigate how many patients are feasible by Zenith and Excluder stent graft system, which are available in Korea. Eighty-two AAA patients (71 men, mean age 70 yr) who had been treated surgically or medically from January 2005 to December 2006 were included. Criteria for morphologic suitability (MS) were examined to focus on characteristics of aneurysm; proximal and distal landing zone; angulation and involvement of both iliac artery aneurysms. Twenty-eight patients (34.1%) were feasible in Zenith stent graft and 31 patients (37.8%) were feasible in Excluder. The patients who were excluded EVAR had an average of 1.61 exclusion criteria. The main reasons for exclusion were an unfavorable proximal neck (n=34, 41.5%) and problem of distal landing zone (n=25, 30.5%). There was no statistical significance among gender, age or aneurysm size in terms of MS. Only 32 patients (39%) who had AAA were estimated to be suitable for two currently approved grafts by strict criteria. However, even unfavorable AAA patients who have severe co-morbidities will be included in EVAR in the near future. Therefore, more efforts including fine skill and anatomical understanding will be needed to meet these challenging cases.     

Tissue Responses to Endovascular Stent Grafts for Saccular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in a Canine Model

We investigated tissue responses to endoskeleton stent grafts for saccular abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in canines. Saccular AAAs were made with Dacron patch in 8 dogs, and were excluded by endoskeleton stent grafts composed of nitinol stent and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Animals were sacrificed at 2 months (Group 1; n = 3) or 6 months (Group 2; n = 5) after the placement, respectively. The aortas embedding stent grafts were excised en bloc for gross inspection and sliced at 5 to 8 mm intervals for histopathologic evaluation. Stent grafts were patent in all except a dog showing a thrombotic occlusion in Group 2. In the 7 dogs with patent lumen, the graft overhanging the saccular aneurysm was covered by thick or thin thrombi with no endothelial layer, and the graft over the aortic wall was completely covered by neointima with an endothelial layer. Transgraft cell migration was less active at an aneurysm than at adjacent normal aorta. In conclusion, endoskeleton stent grafts over saccular aneurysms show no endothelial coverage and poor transgraft cell migration in a canine model.