对苯二胺类与2,2′-二噻吩共轭共聚物的金属催化法合成与表征

以1,3-二(二苯基膦)丙烷二氯化镍(Ⅱ)作为催化剂,分别合成了2,2′-二噻吩与N,N′-二氯对苯醌二亚胺和2,5-二甲基-N,N′-二氯对苯醌二亚胺的共轭交替共聚物：聚（N,N′-对苯醌二亚胺-2,2′-二噻吩）和聚（2,5-二甲基-N,N′-对苯醌二亚胺-2,2′-二噻吩）。利用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、循环伏安等测试方法对这2种共聚物进行了表征和性能研究。结果表明：这2种共聚物分别在263、315、410、261、321、403 nm处出现了紫外吸收峰,对苯二胺上的甲基对共聚物电化学活性具有一定的影响。     

有机可溶性含氟不对称聚酰胺酰亚胺的合成与性能

采用不对称联苯二酐单体2,3,3′,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐(a-BPDA)与3-氨基-2,4,5-三氟苯甲酸(3FAB)反应制备了一种新型不对称二酸化合物2,3,3′,4′-联苯四甲酸-N,N′-双(3-羧基-2,5,6-三氟苯基)二酰亚胺 (a-BPFDI).以此两种酸为原料、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂、亚磷酸三苯酯(TPP)与吡啶为缩合剂、氯化钙为催化剂,通过Yamazaki-Higashi反应,直接与3种芳香族二胺单体反应制得一系列聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI).研究表明:PAI材料在极性非质子性溶剂中具有优良的溶解性能,其薄膜的玻璃化转变温度超过250 ℃,氮气中起始热分解温度超过410 ℃.此外,PAI薄膜还具有良好的力学性能以及介电性能.厚度为10 μm左右的PAI薄膜在可见光区(400～700 nm)的透光率达到或超过80%.     

溶剂对相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜性质的影响

研究了用相转换法制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微孔膜时溶剂对成膜性质的影响.用浊点法测定了二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、磷酸三甲酯等五种溶剂配制的质量分数为wPVDF=0.12的铸膜液在30℃时的相分离点,显微镜拍照法测定了这些铸膜液与水接触时相分离前沿推进速率,泡点法测定了膜孔径,并测定了气体通量.结果表明,二甲基亚砜、磷酸三甲酯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺是适于制作聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的溶剂.     

具有pH和还原双重敏感性壳聚糖纳米微凝胶的制备及其控释性能

以含双硫键的N,N-二（3-羧基丙烯酰）胱胺(BCCy)为交联剂,在1-（3-二甲氨基丙基）-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（EDC/NHS）的催化下将壳聚糖（CS）交联,在水溶液中制备了纳米微凝胶。通过红外、元素分析、纳米粒度仪和扫描电镜等对其结构和形貌进行了表征,考察了pH和还原性环境对粒径的影响。对抗癌药物喜树碱（CPT）进行了负载,考察了载药粒子在还原性环境中对药物的控释性能。结果表明：随交联剂用量的增加,纳米微凝胶的粒径减小。该纳米微凝胶具有较好的生物相容性、较显著的pH和还原敏感性。     

含有吡啶环的可溶型聚苯并咪唑共聚物的合成及表征

采用溶液缩聚法合成了不同摩尔比的3,3′-二氨基联苯二胺（DAB）、2,3,5,6-四氨基吡啶（TAP）盐酸盐和4,4′-二羧基二苯醚（DCDPE）的共聚物。用红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）、热重分析（TGA）以及电子拉力机对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：共聚反应中,当TAP在两种胺类单体中的摩尔分数分别为0.1、0.2、0.3时,30 ℃的特性黏度对应为0.806、0.816、1.028 dL/g。共聚物在N,N-二甲基酰胺（DMF）、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）等极性溶剂和浓H2SO4中有良好的溶解性。3种单体可以在短时间内形成共聚产物,产物具有良好的成膜性、热稳定性和力学性能。     

水性聚氨酯荧光材料的制备及其荧光性能

将4-胺基-4′-(N, N-二苯基氨基)-1,2-二苯乙烯（ADAS）溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）中后分别以混合和接枝的方式引入水性聚氨酯,制备了不同软段和扩链剂的水性聚氨酯荧光材料（FWPU）。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、荧光光谱表征了FWPU的结构和荧光性能。结果表明：水性聚氨酯的软段和扩链剂结构均可影响FWPU的荧光强度;与溶解同样浓度ADAS的DMF溶液相比,混合法制备的FWPU其荧光强度最大可以增加76倍,接枝法制备的FWPU最大可增加47倍。     

双酚F型聚酰亚胺的合成及其性能表征

以苯酚和甲醛为原料,合成了双酚F（BPF）和双酚F二酐（BPFDA）,用BPFDA分别和间苯二胺（m-PDA）、4,4′二氨基二苯醚（4,4′-ODA）、1,4(4-氨基苯氧基)苯（TPEQ）反应,得到了3种双酚F型聚酰亚胺,分别对其结构、溶解性、热性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明：聚合物的比浓对数黏度为0.5~0.6 dL/g,具有比较高的分子量,同时都具备很好的溶解性,不仅溶于极性非质子溶剂N甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）、N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）等,也溶于     

对苯醌二亚胺与吡啶共聚物的金属配合物催化法合成及性能

在二氯-1,3双(二苯基磷)丙烷基镍(Ⅱ)存在下,通过N,N′-二氯苯醌二亚胺和2,5-二甲基N, N′- 二氯苯醌二亚胺与2,5-二溴吡啶的格氏(Grignard) 试剂共聚,得到了两种新型共轭聚合物。采用FT-IR、1HNMR、 UVVis、XRD、循环伏安、充放电对共聚物进行结构与性能测试。结果表明：该类共聚物具有一定的电化学活性,每种聚合物均在-1.0～2.0 V 出现一对氧化还原峰。聚（N,N′二氯苯醌二亚胺吡啶）和聚（2,5二甲基N, N′二氯苯醌二亚胺吡啶)的比电容分别为126 F/g和63 F/g。     

基于3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺的聚酰亚胺的溶解性、热稳定性和取向性能

用制得的大体积双侧基3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺（DAPDM）,与3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(DMMDA)、3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)采用一步法共缩聚制得聚酰亚胺共聚物。采用核磁共振对该共聚物进行了表征,对其溶解性、热稳定性、预倾角进行了分析。结果表明：制备的聚酰亚胺可溶于氮甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）等溶剂,溶解性良好,并且聚酰亚胺膜具有2.8°的预倾角。     

含叔丁基可溶性芳香聚酰胺的制备及其性能研究

采用含叔丁基二胺的单体3,3''-二叔丁基-4,4''-二氨基二苯基-4″-叔丁基苯基甲烷（TADBP）分别与萘-1,4-二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和4,4-二苯醚二甲酸3种二酸单体通过Yamazaki膦酰化法缩聚制得一系列新型可溶性芳香聚酰胺（PA）。通过FT-IR、¹H-NMR、TG、DSC等测试手段研究了含叔丁基芳香聚酰胺的结构与性能,以及聚合物结构对其溶解性能、热性能的影响。结果表明：PA具有优异的溶解性能,常温下不仅能溶于高沸点的N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）等强极性溶剂中,加热条件下甚至能溶于四氢呋喃、氯仿、二氯甲烷等低沸点溶剂;同时,PA还具有良好的热性能,玻璃化转变温度（T_g）为188~193℃,氮气氛围下失重5%和10%时的热失重温度分别为391~416℃和404~437℃。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.