2种钡剂灌肠方式在学龄前儿童便秘诊断中的应用分析

目的 :探讨学龄前儿童便秘行钡剂灌肠的临床应用价值,分析首次灌肠钡剂需灌注至回盲部使全结肠充盈显影的必要性。方法:回顾性分析116例学龄前儿童钡剂灌肠检查资料,根据年龄,分为4组,观察结肠直肠器质性病变在各年龄组的分布。再根据首次灌肠钡剂是否灌注至回盲部分为A组、B组。A组首次灌肠钡剂灌注至回盲部,全结肠充盈显影。B组首次灌肠钡剂灌注至结肠肝曲附近,未灌注至回盲部。比较2组检查的差别。结果:结肠、直肠器质性病变7例,其中3岁组4例先天性巨结肠,4岁组1例结肠炎,5岁组和6~7岁组各1例直肠息肉。A、B组满足影像学诊断要求的概率比较和24 h随访钡剂潴留达结肠各段分布的比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=2.437,P=0.118;χ2=0.251,P=0.969)。A、B组各年龄段钡剂灌注总量比较,B组均较A组少(均P0.05)。结论:学龄前儿童便秘结肠直肠器质性病变少见,其中以较小年龄组先天性巨结肠为主。B组不影响检查结果,且减少钡剂的灌注量,缩短了检查时间,减少了电离辐射剂量。     

不透X线标记物检测胃肠道

目的探讨不透X线标记物法(radiopaquemarker's,Rom's)对胃肠动力学检测的临床应用价值.方法自制marker's为浸渍医用硫酸钡的聚乙烯,制成2mm×2mm的钡粒,20个装入一个胶囊内消毒备用.受检者为42例功能性消化不良(FD),50例慢性功能性便秘(CFC)以及20例健康对照,空腹随标准餐吞服含20个钡粒胶囊1个,于餐后4h、48h及72h拍腹部平片,计算4h胃排空率、48h、72h全胃肠排空率以及72h排空指数,评估FD及CFC病人的胃肠动力异常.结果66.6%(28/42)FD病人胃排空较正常延迟;CFC病人48h、72h全胃肠排空率均低于正常(Ρ＜0.01),其中根据排空指数测算64%(32/50)CFC为慢传型便秘.结论Rom's法检测胃肠动力,方法简单,符合生理条件并能定量评估胃肠排空,可为指导临床诊治胃肠运动障碍提供依据.     

结肠运输试验及排粪造影X线诊断及临床应用

目的：分析便秘的原因，并探讨结肠运输实验和排粪造影，对便秘的诊断及价值探讨。方法：对150例临床诊断为便秘患者作结肠运输实验或作排粪造影检查，或两项检查先后进行。结果：出口梗阻82例，31例结肠型（结肠无力）两者均存在31例。结论：结肠运输实验与排粪造影联合应用，能够准确诊断结肠运输异常及功能性出口梗阻所致的便秘。为临床提供准确全面诊断作为可靠依据。     

便秘的综合X线排粪造影

目的:探讨综合X线排粪造影检查对排便功能障碍(便秘)者的诊断价值.方法:137例便秘患者均完成结肠运输试验、逼囊试验和定量钡糊排粪造影或同步阴道造影(已婚女性)检查,并对检查结果进行分析.结果:便秘的原因是复杂的,结肠慢传输42例,功能性出口梗阻25例,逼囊试验不能逼出者87例.定量钡糊排粪造影或同步阴道造影显示大多数病例合并两种或两种以上异常.结论:便秘的X线综合排粪造影检查可以详细显示便秘相关病变,为临床治疗提供了可靠的依据.     

功能性便秘的病因与影像学诊断

目的：分析便秘的病因并评价结肠运输试验与排粪造影对诊断便秘的价值。方法：对１００例便秘患者作结肠运输试验及排粪造影。结果：结肠运输异常者４３例,出口梗阻者９６例,两种均存在者占４２例。４２例中,外科单纯纠正出口梗阻３１例,术后随访发现１５例症状无明显改善且复查排粪造影均表现正常。结论：由于出口梗阻与结肠无力常合并存在并相互作用,作者强调：结肠运输试验与排粪造影联合应用将有助于作出正确、全面的诊断和制定恰当的治疗方案。     

结肠运输试验及排粪造影对便秘的诊断

目的：分析便秘的病因并评价结肠运输试验与排粪造影对便秘诊断的价值。材料与方法：对１００例便秘患者作结肠运输试验及排粪造影。结果：结肠运输异常者４３例，出口梗阻者９６例，两种均存在者占４２例，４２例中，外科单纯纠正出口梗阻３１例，术后随访发现１５例症状无明显改善且复查排粪造影均表现正常。结论：由于出口梗阻与结肠无力常合并存在并相互作用，作者强调；结肠运输试验与排粪造影联合应用将有助用于正确，全面的诊     

排粪造影检查在诊断功能性出口梗阻型便秘中的价值

对53例临床初步诊断便秘患者进行排粪造影检查。检查前均行结肠运输试验除外结肠型便秘。结果：直肠前突35例，直肠粘膜内套叠44例，会阴下降24例，盆底肌肉痉挛综合症14例，仅1例未见异常。粪造影检查诊断的敏感性为98．1％，由此表明，应用排粪造影检查诊断功能性出口梗阻型便秘具有极高的敏感性和应用价值。     

类风湿性关节炎患者小肠功能的改变

作者用钡餐造影、同位素和生化方法检查了133例确诊为类风湿性关节炎患者的小肠运动排空和脂肪糖吸收功能,约1/3例出现异常。年龄16～60岁,多数为青年和中年人。94例以关节型为主,39例为关节内脏型。病程1～28年,85例超过5年。76例无肠道病变之主诉症状,其余患者有全身虚弱、体重减轻、便秘、腹泻、大便不成形、下腹或脐部疼痛、腹鸣及腹胀等。检查方法:小肠运动排空功能以钡餐透视、全腹片及点片观察。钡剂开始充盈小肠头部后,每小时观察一次,钡头到盆部小肠后,患者用餐,30～35分钟后观察胃回肠运动反射。脂肪吸收试验:早餐前30分钟空腹服15毫升~(131)碘标示的顺油酸,收集粪便测量放射性,直至放射性完全消失为止,平均需收集4～5天的大便,以此推算出排出脂肪量占     

乙状结肠冗长症的X线诊断

目的：探讨X线钡剂灌肠在乙状结肠冗长症的诊断价值，以期进一步提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：回顾我院近年来收治的12例乙状结肠冗长症的临床及影像学资料并结合文献加以分析。结果：乙状结肠兀长症有典型的便秘症状。X线钡剂灌肠显示12例患者的乙状结肠平均长为54cm（45cm-67cm）。X线钡灌肠可显示乙状结肠冗长、迂曲、旋转。活动度大并形成环袢，24小时复查常见钡剂存留。结论：乙状结肠兀长症的诊断首选X线钡剂灌肠，但需与先天性巨结肠、特发性巨结肠、慢性便秘、内分泌紊乱等疾病相鉴别。     

婴幼儿先天性巨结肠的X线诊断

目的：探讨婴幼儿先天性巨结肠的X线诊断要点.方法：收集我院47例经手术及病理证实的先天性巨结肠患儿,分析其腹部立位片及结肠钡剂造影的影像学表现.结果：腹部立位片示低位结肠不全性梗阻35例,肠淤张17例,小肠低住梗阻1例.结肠钡剂造影显示常见型39例,短段型5例,超短段型2例,长段型1例,征象可见痉挛段、移行段及扩张段,其中3例新生儿及超短段型狭窄段显示不明显,3例移行段显示不明显,24 h复查38例有不同程度钡剂残留.结论：凡临床怀疑先天性巨结肠的婴幼儿应尽早行腹部立位片及结肠钡剂造影检查,并随访观察24 h钡剂排空情况,对其早期诊断及治疗有重要意义.     

Colonic total and segmental transit times in healthy Italian adults

Purpose

This study was done to determine colonic transit times in healthy Italian adults.

Materials and methods

Institutional review board approval and informed patient consent were obtained. Colonic segmental radiopaque markers were counted and transit times calculated in 36 healthy subjects studied using a technique involving daily radiopaque marker ingestion and single radiological visit, with oral administration of 8–10 ml of a thick barium paste as a colonic trace for the marker count. Two independent radiologists counted the marker twice. Observer agreement was assessed using comparison analysis.

Results

There was very good observer agreement for the segmental marker counts. The upper limit for colonic transit times was: 45.6 h in the colon as a whole, 31.2 h in the right colon, 19.2 h in the left colon and 16.8 h in the rectosigmoid. Colonic transit times were not gender-related.

Conclusions

In healthy subjects, a barium trace affords optimal visibility of the different colonic segments, enabling accurate location of all markers and thus providing an anatomy-related, repeatable and reproducible fluoroscopic segmental marker count. We suggest that the reference values for normal colonic transit times could be adopted for Italian people irrespective of gender.     

Defaecography and colonic transit time for the evaluation of female patients with obstructed defaecation

Purpose

Colonic transit time and defaecography are well known, commonly used studies for evaluating patients with chronic constipation. The aim of this study was to compare colonic transit time with radiopaque markers and defaecography in female patients with obstructed defaecation.

Materials and methods

In a prospective observational study, between January 2010 and December 2012, a total of 30 female patients, mean age 60 years, with symptoms of obstructed defaecation were subjected to colonic transit time and defaecography, and divided into two groups: normal or abnormal colon transit time. The results were statistically compared using the Chi-square test.

Results

The comparison of data between colonic transit time and defaecography showed the following groups: group 1 (6/30 = 20 %) with normal colonic transit time but abnormal defaecography, and group 2 (24/30 = 80 %) with abnormal colonic transit time; the latter was further divided into two subgroups: group 2a (4/24 = 17 %), patients with inertia coli; group 2b (20/24 = 83 %), patients with impaired defaecation demonstrated at defaecography. There was a significant statistical difference between the radiological findings in these groups.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the value of both defaecography and colonic transit time in assessing clinically obstructed women. Obstructed defaecation might not always be associated with abnormal colonic transit time. Likewise, not all constipated patients had signs of obstructed defaecation. The differential diagnosis between colonic slow transit constipation and constipation due to pelvic floor disorders is essential for an adequate strategy of care.     

Colonic transit time in patient with slow-transit constipation: Comparison of radiopaque markers and barium suspension method

Background

Colonic transit study provides valuable information before surgical treatment is considered for patient with constipation. The radiopaque markers method is the most common way for evaluating colon transit time. The aim of this study is to compare the barium suspension with the radiopaque makers to assess the colonic mobility in patient with constipation.

Methods

Colonic transit time was measured in 11 female patients with slow-transit constipation using both radiopaque markers and barium suspension method. In radiopaque markers method, the patient ingested 20 markers on the first day, and an abdominal radiograph was performed every 24 h until 80% markers were excreted. In barium suspension method, the patient swallowed up to 50 ml of 200% (w/v) barium meal. The abdominal radiographs were taken at the same time point as the former.

Results

The total or segmental colonic transit time were obviously prolonged in all patients. Segmental transits time spent in the right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid for radiopaque markers and barium suspension method was, respectively, 30 ± 6 h and 34 ± 7 h; 38 ± 9 h and 32 ± 6 h; 40 ± 8 h and 38 ± 10 h. In the radiopaque markers method, total colonic transit time was 108 ± 14 h and it was 103 ± 13 h in the barium suspension method (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The barium suspension and radiopaque markers gave the similar results for colonic transit time. The barium suspension was a simple and cheap method for evaluating the colonic mobility.     

Error count of radiopaque markers in colonic segmental transit time study

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a radiologic technique in increasing colon visibility in colonic transit time studies. Three radiologists counted segmental colonic radiopaque markers in two patient groups, based on classic criteria in the first group and also on a colonic barium trace in the second. Agreement between marker counts was assessed using method comparison analysis. CONCLUSION: With the barium trace technique, the anatomic conspicuity of colonic segments is improved, a correct segmental marker count can be obtained, and colonic inertia can be more easily distinguished from distal constipation.     

Radiological and instrumental study of the colon in idiopathic constipation

It has been demonstrated that it is not always possible to attribute to constipation a reduced colonic transit time as being evidenced by radiological studies using radiopaque markers. In fact, in constipated patients with a normal transit time, it was more reasonable to consider a recto-anal disorder as evidenced by defecography and manometry.     

Colon transit scintigraphy in health and constipation using oral iodine-131-cellulose

The purpose of the study was to assess if a new scintigraphic method for noninvasive assessment of colonic transit could differentiate between subjects with normal bowel transit and those with constipation. Eleven normal subjects and 29 constipated patients were given 4 MBq iodine-131-cellulose (131I-cellulose) orally and sequential abdominal scans were performed at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr from which total and segmental percent retentions were calculated. There were clear differences between the normal subjects and the constipated patients for the total percent retention at all time intervals, on a segmental basis in the right colon at 24 hr, and in all segments at 48 and 72 hr. Three-day urinary excretion of radioiodine was minimal; 2.4% +/- 1.2% (mean +/- s.d.) in constipated patients and 3.1% +/- 0.8% in normals, with approximately 75% occurring in the first day. The use of oral radiotracers in the investigation of constipation appears promising.     

Gallium-67 activated charcoal: a new method for preparation of radioactive capsules for colonic transit study

Indium-111 is currently the radionuclide of choice for colonic transit study. However, it is expensive and not available in many hospitals. Technetium-99m has been proposed for colonic transit study but the short half-life has limited its use. Gallium-67 citrate is inexpensive and available in most countries. Most importantly, it has a suitable half-life for colonic transit study. Attempts have been made in some studies to use (67)Ga citrate to label activated charcoal, but the results have not been good because of poor stability. In this study, we successfully labelled activated charcoal()with (67)Ga citrate by adding alcohol and 5% glucose solution. To evaluate the in vitro stability, the (67)Ga-activated charcoal was incubated in a milieu mimicking the intestinal content, containing lipase, trypsin and glycochenodeoxycholate at different pH values (6.0, 7.0, 7.4 and 8.0) and for different durations (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). For the in vivo study, the (67)Ga-activated charcoal was loaded into a commercial empty enteric capsule. Colonic transit scintigraphy was performed in five volunteers, including three healthy people and two constipated patients, after intake of the radioactive capsule. Images were obtained at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24h, 48 h, 72 h etc. until no radioactivity was detected in the bowel. Our data show that the in vitro stability of (67)Ga-activated charcoal was good. The labelling efficiency still exceeded 91% at 96 h at pH values of 6.0, 7.0 and 7.4. In the group with a pH value of 8.0, the labelling efficiency gradually fell during the 4-day incubation but was still higher than 88% at the end of the fourth day. In the in vivo study, most capsules disintegrated in the caecum/colon region, and the (67)Ga-activated charcoal mixed very well with bowel content. In addition, the radioactive charcoal could be detected clearly on the 72-h image, which is very important for the evaluation of colonic transit time in patients with constipation. In conclusion, activated charcoal labelled with (67)Ga citrate is a potential radioactive marker for colonic transit study.     

Intestinal transit studied with radiopaque markers in patients with multiple sclerosis]

The patients affected with multiple sclerosis (MS) often complain of constipation. This symptom is little tolerated by the patient; its etiology is still unknown. MS patients often have their movements impaired by disease progress, so that they have to sit down for a long time, or else they exhibit severe problems walking or moving. MS patients also present low intraabdominal pressure during voluntary contraction of abdominal wall muscles. In these patients, the authors suggest to study intestinal transit time by means of radiopaque markers. To this purpose, the radiological follow-up contributes to the setting of colorectal MS dysfunctions by daily controls of the progress of per os radiopaque markers, focusing on colonic transit time and temporary deposit areas. The results show high incidence of anorectal constipation. Thus, the examination can be considered a useful tool in the study of MS dysfunctions and an effective alternative to anorectal manometry.     

结肠运输实验与排粪造影在诊断便秘中的临床应用(附110例分析)

目的　分析便秘的原因 ,并评价结肠运输实验与排粪造影对诊断便秘的价值。方法　对 110例临床诊断为便秘患者先做结肠运输实验 ,再做排粪造影。结果　结肠运输实验异常者 79例 ;排粪造影异常者 5 3例。综合分析结肠运输实验与排粪造影 ,诊断为结肠慢运输 40例 ,功能性出口梗阻 5 3例。结论　结肠运输实验与排粪造影联合应用 ,能够更加准确区分结肠慢运输与功能性出口梗阻所致的便秘 ,进一步明确功能性出口梗阻的病因 ,为临床治疗提供可靠的依据。