人颈椎前纵韧带生物力学特性实验研究

目的研究正常国人颈椎前纵韧带的生物力学特性．为临床提供生物力学参数。方法取正常国人8具新鲜尸体颈椎C1-C4、C4-T1不同节段前纵韧带在Shimadzu AUTOGRAPH电子万能试验机上进行单向拉伸实验研究。结果得出了前纵韧带C1～C4、C4一T1段的拉伸破坏载荷、伸长比、Lagrange张应力、Lagrange张应变、Euler应力、弹性模量等数据。对应力、应变数据以最小二乘法进行拟合，得出颈椎前纵韧带C1-C4、C4-T1段的应力应变关系表达式及曲线。结论前纵韧带C1-C4段应力大于C4-T1段，前纵韧带C1-C4、C4-T1应变差异不显著，C4-T1段前纵韧带弹性模骨大于C1-C4殷前纵韧带。     

膝关节前交叉韧带与后交叉韧带粘弹性实验研究

研究了10具新鲜成人尸体膝关节前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带的拉伸力学性质和粘弹性力学性质,对前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带进行单向拉伸实验,得出了破坏载荷,强度极限、最大应变、伸长比、弹性模量.对前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带进行应力松弛,蠕变实验,得出了应力松弛、蠕变实验数据和曲线.对实验数据进行归一化处理,得出了归一化应力松弛函数,蠕变函数,以回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了回归系数,很好的拟合了实验曲线.实验结果表明:前交叉韧带的拉伸强度极限、最大应变等大于后交叉韧带,后交叉韧带7200s应力松弛、蠕变量小于前交叉韧带.     

人眼角膜黏弹性实验研究

对正常国人6具新鲜尸体8个眼角膜标本进行单向拉伸实验和拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验。得出了人眼角膜拉伸最大载荷、伸长比、张应力、应变、拟弹性模量。还得出了人眼角膜的应力松弛、蠕变数据和曲线。对应力松弛、蠕变实验数据进行归一化处理,得出了归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数及曲线。对应力松弛、蠕变实验数据进行回归分析,得出了回归系数。对人眼角膜应力、应变数据以多项式,用最小二乘法进行拟合,得出了其应力应变关系公式及曲线,建立了人眼角膜的松弛函数k(λ,t)=G(t)T(e)λ的表达式,得出了一些重要结论。     

髌骨软骨拉伸应力松弛蠕变实验研究

目的　研究正常国人 8具新鲜尸体髌骨软骨的力学性质 ,为临床提供生物力学参数。方法　对正常国人新鲜尸体髌骨软骨一维拉伸力学性能和拉伸应力松弛、蠕变粘弹性力学性质进行实验研究。结果　获得了髌骨软骨一维拉伸的破坏载荷、伸长比、张应力、张应变等测试结果 ,以多项式用最小二乘法对拉伸实验数据进行拟合 ,得出了半月板的应力 -应变关系表达式和应力 -应变曲线。还得出了应力松弛、蠕变数据、曲线和归一化应力松弛函数、归一化蠕变函数数据、曲线。对实验数据以最小二乘法进行处理 ,得出了G(t)表达式 ,根据准线性理论得出了半月板的松弛函数K(λ、t)=G(t)T(e) (λ)的表达式。结论　髌骨软骨单向拉伸最大载荷为 3 8.5 4± 4.1 8N ,伸长比为 1 .3 1 2± 0 .0 1 8,张应力为 6.65± 0 .83MPa ,应变为 3 4.0± 3 .6%。应力松弛曲线是以对数关系变化的 ,蠕变曲线是以指数关系变化的     

拇指掌指关节侧副韧带粘弹性的实验研究

研究正常国人新鲜尸体的拇指掌指关节侧副韧带的粘弹性力学性质,为临床提供生物力学参数。对拇指掌指关节侧副韧带进行拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验。得出了拇指掌指关节侧副韧带的应力松弛、蠕变数据。对实验数据进行归一化处理,得出了归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数及曲线。以回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了回归系数。表明拇指掌指关节侧副韧带为粘弹性生物材料。     

胎儿臂丛神经上干粘弹性实验研究

研究了 30具新鲜胎儿尸体臂丛神经上干的拉伸力学性质和粘弹性力学性质 ,对臂丛神经上干进行单向拉伸实验 ,得出了破坏载荷、强度极限、最大应变。对臂丛神经上干进行应力松弛、蠕变实验 ,得出了应力松弛、蠕变实验数据和曲线。对实验数据进行归一化处理 ,得出了归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数。以回归分析的方法处理实验数据 ,得出回归系数 ,很好地拟合了实验曲线。实验结果表明 6～ 7月龄胎儿臂丛神经上干的破坏载荷、强度极限、最大应变小于 8月龄以上的胎儿。男女胎儿臂丛神经之间拉伸力学性质差异不显著 ,低月龄胎儿臂丛神经 72 0 0S应力松弛量大于高月龄组 ,蠕变量差异不显著     

骨性关节炎对膝关节软骨粘弹性影响实验研究

研究了正常国人新鲜尸体膝关节软骨和骨性关节炎膝关节软骨的粘弹性力学性质.对正常和病态膝关节软骨进行一维拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验,得出了应力松弛、蠕变实验数据和曲线,以回归分析的方法处理应力松弛、蠕变实验数据,得出了归一化应力松弛函数、归一化蠕变函数表达式.以冯元桢教授的准线性理论得出了正常组和病态组膝关节软骨松弛函数表达式,并对实验结果进行了分析讨论.     

正常与病态股骨头松质骨纵向应力松弛蠕变方程

研究了正常股骨头松质骨和股骨头坏死(病态)松质骨的粘弹性力学性质.对正常和病态股骨头松质骨中立位纵向进行应力松弛、蠕变实验.结果得出了正常组和病态组纵向和横向应力松弛、蠕变数据和曲线;对应力松弛、蠕变实验数据进行归一化处理,得出了归一化应力松弛函数、归一化蠕变函数及曲线.病态组的粘弹性指标明显低于正常组.股骨头松质骨粘弹性与年龄密切相关,年龄越大,应力或应变变化越缓慢,尤其是50岁以上者更突出.     

前交叉韧带粘弹性特性的实验研究

目的 探讨前交叉韧带的力学性能和粘弹性行为与时间的变化规律，为研究人工韧带提供生物力学参数。方法 对正常国人新鲜尸体膝关节前交叉韧带进行系统的拉伸、应力松驰、蠕变实验，得出最大载荷、强度极限、最大应变、弹性模量等；还得出了应力松驰、蠕变实验数据和曲线，归一化应力松驰函数、蠕变函数数据和曲线。并得到7200s时的蠕变量和应力松驰量。结果 ①前交叉韧带在实验中表现出典型的松弛、蠕变现象，说明其粘弹性性质在膝关节运动中起着重要的缓冲作用。②最初600s时应力应变的变化幅度较大，之后应力缓慢下降，应变缓慢上升，前交叉韧带7200s时应力松弛量1．05Mp，蠕变量为6．82％。结论 前交叉韧带具有良好的粘弹性力学性质。其粘弹性力学行为是为了适应其所在解剖部位的功能需要。     

骨质疏松对骨生物力学性质影响实验研究

研究了正常大鼠股骨和维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松股骨的生物力学性质。选用了 175 g～ 2 4 5 g ,3月龄～ 4月龄Wistar大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为正常对照组 30只 ,模型组 30只。对模型组大鼠灌服维甲酸 (70mg·kg-1·d-1) 2周 ,实验第 12周末处死大鼠 ,测定股骨骨密度。取胫骨制作脱钙切片 ,进行骨组织形态观察。取股骨进行拉伸、冲击实验和应力松弛、蠕变实验。测定股骨生物力学性能指标 ,得出了正常对照组和模型组股骨的拉伸应力、应变数据等。还得出冲击功、冲击韧性、应力松弛 ,蠕变数据和曲线。对应力松弛蠕变实验数据进行归一化处理 ,得出归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数及曲线。实验结果表明模型组的各项力学性能指标显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。对骨质疏松对力学性能指标的影响进行分析讨论。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.