带锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折58例疗效观察

【目的】观察带锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效。【方法】58例新鲜胫腓骨骨折病人采用带锁髓内钉治疗,并与加压钢板治疗胫腓骨骨折42病例,进行愈合时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、疗效优良率比较分析。【结果】带锁髓内钉组:愈合时间(22.59±7.6)周,住院时间(14.5±5.8),并发症发生率10.34%、疗效优良率96.5%;加压钢板组:愈合时间(39.9±11.3),住院时间(21.55±6.9),并发症发生率38.1%,疗效优良率83.3%,带锁髓内钉组均优于加压钢板组(P均<0.01)。【结论】带锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折创伤小、固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、感染率低,疗效优于加压钢板,适用于基层医院骨科临床治疗。     

微创经皮钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效比较

【目的】比较微创经皮钢板与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效。【方法】70例胫骨骨折患者被随机分成两组,分别行微创经皮钢板接骨术（A组）和交锁髓内钉（B组）治疗。全部病例获得随诊,时间12~24个月,平均16个月。从手术时间、手术出血量、平均住院时间、骨折愈合时间和并发症进行比较分析。【结果】A组与B组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、愈合时间及并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。【结论】微创经皮钢板接骨术与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折都能减少对骨折处血运的干扰,提高骨折愈合率,减少并发症。掌握好手术指征,是治疗胫骨骨折的两种较理想方法。     

三种髓内钉置入固定治疗胫骨骨折79例比较

选择惠东黄埠医院骨科收治的胫骨骨折患者79例,男47例,女32例,年龄16～73岁;开放性骨折19例,闭合性骨折60例.79例患者中交锁髓内钉固定治疗48例,旋入式自锁钉固定治疗19例,自动加压交锁髓内钉固定治疗12例.手术均顺利完成,交锁髓内钉固定组的平均手术时间为(102±10)min,旋入式自锁钉固定组平均(65±10)rain,自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组平均(100±10)min.79例患者均获得随访,平均6～10个月.交锁髓内钉固定组断钉1例,伤口浅表感染1例,骨延迟愈合3例;骨折平均愈合时间(21.0±3.2)周;Johner-Wruh法评定功能恢复优良率(85.42±5.20)%.旋入式自锁钉固定组骨折延迟愈合1例,骨折移位1例;平均骨折愈合时间(20.0±3.6)周:优良率(84.21±4.10)%.自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组脱钉1例,伤口浅表感染1例;平均骨折愈合时间(17.0±2.8)周;优良率(91.67±3.70)%.3组功能恢复优良率自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组与其他两组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),自动加压交锁髓内钉效果最好.提示自动加压交锁髓内钉较传统的交锁钉愈合时间快.     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折12例体会

【目的】探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折的临床应用技术和疗效。【方法】本组12例胫骨干新鲜闭合性骨折．全部进行闭合复位交锁髓内钉静力性固定治疗。【结果】经10～24个月(平均15个月)随访．骨折全部愈合．按Klemm功能恢复分级标准．全部为优。【结论】闭合复位交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨干闭合性骨折的理想方法。     

膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的疗效比较

[目的]比较研究膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的疗效. [方法]40例胫骨干骨折患者,19例采用膨胀髓内钉、21例采用传统交锁髓内钉内固定.分析比较其手术难易程度、治疗效果以及并发症.[结果]术中膨胀髓内钉组手术难度明显降低;术后平均随访18个月,膨胀髓内钉组平均骨折愈合时间为14周,并发症发生率为0.0%,交锁髓髓内钉组平均骨折愈合时间为19周,并发症发生率为38.1%.[结论]膨胀髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折具有创伤小、操作简单、并发症少等优点,是一种优于交锁髓内钉的新方法,值得推广.     

运用胫骨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的观察

目的:探讨胫骨干骨折运用胫骨交锁髓内钉治疗的效果。方法:选取2017年6月～2018年5月我院骨科收治的150例胫骨干骨折患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为髓内钉组和钢板组,每组75例。髓内钉组采用胫骨交锁髓内钉治疗,钢板组采用钢板内固定治疗,比较两组患者手术状况、术后恢复状况、术后并发症状况和骨折恢复效果。结果:髓内钉组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、开始负重训练时间、骨折愈合时间和远近期并发症总发生率均明显低于钢板组,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;术后6个月,髓内钉组骨折恢复优良率明显高于钢板组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:运用胫骨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折患者创伤小,手术时间短,并发症少,恢复快,且骨折恢复效果良好。     

Fixion膨胀髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效分析

【目的】评价Fixion膨胀髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效。【方法】自2005年5月至2008年6月共59例胫骨干骨折患者采用Fixion膨胀髓内钉（A组）进行治疗,同时间段内另一组38例胫骨干骨折采用传统交锁髓内钉治疗（B组）,用来比较手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、术后并发症和骨折愈合时间。【结果】两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在术后并发症上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。因此可膨胀髓内钉组在多方面均优于交锁髓内钉组。【结论】Fix—ion膨胀髓内钉治疗横行和短斜形胫骨干骨折较传统的交锁髓内钉有明显的优势,操作方便、手术时间短、透视暴露少,创伤小、骨折愈合快,但其价格较贵,可以作为一种很好的交锁髓内钉的替代治疗方案。     

带锁髓内钉和钢板螺钉固定治疗胫骨干骨折疗效观察

目的 观察比较带锁髓内钉和钢板螺钉固定治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法 选取2011年7月-2013年6月在本院骨外科进行手术治疗的胫骨干骨折患者116例,按照手术方式不同分成观察组60例与对照组56例,观察组采取带锁髓内钉内固定手术方式,对照组采取钢板螺钉内固定手术方式,比较2组患者手术情况、并发症发生率、骨折愈合优良率、术后具体疗效.结果 观察组手术时间(83.64±16.32) min、术中出血量(153.69±40.25) mL、术后住院时间(20.29±3.46)d、出现骨痂时间(2.78±0.86)月、负重时间(2.76±0.83)月、骨折愈合时间(4.17±1.34)月、去除内固定时间(13.34±3.96)月均明显低于对照组;2组术后骨折愈合优良率、并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨下骨折可达到与钢板螺钉固定相当的手术效果,但创伤更小,愈合更快,在严格掌握适应证基础上,可作为优先选择的手术方案.     

逆行交锁髓内钉与解剖钢板治疗股骨远端骨折的比较

目的 评价逆行交锁髓内钉(GSH)与解剖型钢板治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 49例股骨远端骨折随机分为两组,一组采用逆行交锁髓内钉,另一组采用解剖型钢板治疗.结果 经16个月的随访,逆行交锁髓内钉治疗组骨折愈合率95.6%,骨折平均愈合时间4.5个月.钢板治疗组骨折愈合率81.8%,骨折平均愈合时间6.4个月.逆行交锁髓内钉术后无肺炎、深静脉栓塞等严重并发症两组并发症 结论 髓内钉愈合率高于钢板,但膝关节僵硬发生率高股骨远端髁上和(或)髁间骨折采用交锁髓内钉固定,关节面解剖对位良好,固定牢靠,术后即能早期功能锻炼,疗效满意.     

交锁髓内钉固定术治疗肱骨干中段骨折的疗效分析

目的:分析交锁髓内钉固定术治疗肱骨干中段骨折的疗效。方法:选取本院2014年5月~2017年5月收治的64例肱骨干中段骨折患者为研究对象,依据手术方案不同分成对照组和实验组各32例。对照组行锁定加压钢板固定术治疗,实验组行交锁髓内钉固定术治疗,对比两组手术效果、术后并发症及肩关节功能恢复效果。结果:实验组手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率等指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);实验组肩关节功能恢复优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:肱骨干中段骨折行交锁髓内钉固定术治疗疗效确切,且并发症少,患者肩关节功能恢复效果好,临床价值显著。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.