慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压:构建动物模型的研究进展

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)被认为是急性肺血栓栓塞症的一种长期并发症,然而,研究表明,部分确诊为CTEPH的患者并无症状性肺血栓栓塞的既往病史,提示肺血栓栓塞可能并不是CTEPH的唯一病因.尽管近年来对肺动脉高压的研究取得了广泛的进展,但由于缺乏对CTEPH病理生理学的相关研究,此类患者的综合治疗仍面临许多挑...     

《中国肺动脉高压诊断与治疗指南(2021版)》解读：慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是一种急性肺血栓栓塞症的远期并发症。2021年1月,《中国肺动脉高压诊断与治疗指南(2021版)》发布,将CTEPH作为单独章节,从CTEPH早期识别、诊断及治疗三个方面出发,明确了如何利用影像学检查早期识别CTEPH,提出了肺动脉血栓内膜剥脱术、靶向药物治疗、球囊肺动脉成形术的适...     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是一种继发性肺动脉高压，它有自身的病因及发病机制，因而是可治疗的。针对其肺动脉高压及右心衰竭的表现，可以采取药物治疗以缓解症状；针对肺动脉内的残留机化血栓，可采取肺血栓动脉内膜切除术及球囊肺血管成形术；而且肺移植亦可用于该病的治疗。有资料显示，CTEPH发病率及死亡率均高。本文就流行病学、发病机制、诊断及治疗等进行综述。     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的介入治疗及策略

<正>慢性血栓栓塞性肺高血压(chronic thromboembolic pulmonaryhypertension,CTEPH)是未溶解的血栓发生机化、内膜纤维性增生，近端肺血管腔狭窄甚至闭塞、远端肺血管重构，引起肺动脉压力及肺血管阻力进行性升高，右心负荷逐渐增加，最终导致右心衰竭甚至死亡的一组病理生理学复杂的临床综合征^[1]。其主要临床表现为呼吸困难、乏力、活动耐力减低。依照我国2021年肺高血压指南的临床分类，CTEPH属于第四类肺动脉阻塞性疾病导致的肺高血压；按照血流动力学分类，CTEPH属于毛细血管前性肺动脉高压。     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的诊疗进展

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,CTEPH),属于肺动脉高压分型的第四大类,是目前唯一可能治愈的肺动脉高压,不干预则远期预后不佳,故明确诊断和积极治疗非常重要。对于CTEPH的诊断,肺通气灌注显像较CT肺动脉造影有更高的敏感性。CTEPH的预后与其治疗决策密切相关:所有患者都需要终身抗凝,利奥西呱是目前唯一获批用于CTEPH治疗的靶向药物。能否手术治疗取决于CTEPH的血栓机化部位:对于血栓栓塞在肺动脉近端,可行肺动脉内皮剥脱,其治愈率高,术后恢复以及长期预后往往较为理想;如果病变部位在中段,可以尝试进行肺动脉球囊扩张,球囊扩张往往需要分次逐步进行,扩张后患者活动耐量有显著提升,此外球囊扩张也用于如外科内皮剥脱后残余肺动脉高压或肺动脉高压复发;如果病变部位在肺血管末端,则只能选择药物保守治疗。多种治疗手段联合治疗或为未来CTEPH治疗的发展方向。     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的介入治疗

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是肺栓塞的潜在致命结果。目前肺动脉内膜剥脱术(PEA是首选的治疗方法,但多种因素限制了其临床应用和开展。对于不能行PEA治疗的CTEPH患者,经皮球囊肺动脉成形术是近年来发展迅速的一种能够改善患者临床症状、降低肺动脉压力和肺血管阻力并改善患者预后的新的介入治疗方法。     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的误诊分析

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是指肺动脉及其主要分支由于血栓栓塞导致的血流受阻,长期不能缓解或进行性加重,导致肺动脉高压。CTEPH的误诊率很高,笔者对近3年所收治的7例CHEPH患者进行误诊分析,以提高对CTEPH的认识。1对象与方法近3年我院心内科确诊的CTEPH患者共7例,男2例,女5例。年龄40~66(52±9.52)岁。均经螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA)和肺通气灌注扫描证实的至少有1个肺段以上的肺栓塞。患者均经过超声多普勒检测肺动脉收缩压>30mmHg(1mmHg=0·133kPa)以上,均排除其他非血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压。2结果症状体征:主要症状有…     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压发病机制新进展:从基础到临床

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)属于肺动脉高压分型的第四大类,是一种自然预后极差的慢性进展性疾病.CTEPH通常被认为是急性肺血栓栓塞症(APTE)的一种长期并发症,但研究表明部分CTEPH患者无明确的APTE既往史.因此,阐明CTEPH的发病机制,对于认识CTEPH的发生发展过程、指导疾病诊治具有重要意义.现围...     

经皮腔肺动脉成形术在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压中的应用

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)是肺高血压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)非常重要和常见的类型[1],是以反复性未溶解肺动脉栓子和(或)进行性肺动脉血栓形成及瘢痕形成,以及肺动脉重塑所致肺动脉阻塞为特征的进行性致命性疾病。右心导管(right heart chatheterization,RHC)是诊断CTEPH的"金标准"[2],肺动脉(主干、叶段、节段、亚     

临床诊断慢性肺血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压2例分析

慢性肺血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,CTEPH)是肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary embolism,PE)的一种特殊类型,是由于血栓不能完全溶解,或者是在深静脉血栓形成(DVT)反复脱落的基础上继发反复多次栓塞肺动脉,血栓机化,肺动脉内膜慢性炎症并增厚,发展     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

高血压降压治疗目标的再认识

根据传统的高血压水平的定义,1993年WHO高血压治疗指南提出血压控制目标为<140/90mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),但是并非所有患者都必须将血压降至同一水平,而应根据患者情况进行个体化治疗。Framingham进行的一项长达10～12年的心血管事件研究发现,第5年后,正常上限血压[收缩压(SBP     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.