人用Vero细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗临床观察及免疫学效果研究

国际上发达国家普遍使用狂犬病纯化疫苗 ,其中较具代表性的是法国巴斯德梅里厄公司生产的狂犬病纯化疫苗 ,该疫苗不仅效价稳定 ,注射后副反应也极其轻微。Ｖｅｒｏ细胞作为基质制备疫苗的安全性已得到国际认可 ,由武汉、长春、兰州生物制品研究所共同研制的Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗于1999年获得国家药品监督管理局批准进行临床研究 ,现将临床观察结果报告如下。一、材料与方法1.疫苗 :观察组疫苗由武汉生物制品研究所研制 (武汉苗 ) ,批号 :980 1、2 0 0 0 0 40 1;对照组疫苗为法国维尔博疫苗(法国苗 ) ,批号为Ｐ12 6 0 2。2 .接种对象 …     

人用纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗效果观察

目前 ,我国已研制成功精制地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗 ,虽然效价已达到ＷＨＯ规定的 2 .5ＩＵ/剂 ,副反应亦有显著降低 ,但由于以原代地鼠肾细胞为基质 ,其制备需人工饲养并解剖大量地鼠 ,不适于工业化大生产 ,且很难控制细胞外源因子。Ｖｅｒｏ细胞是经ＷＨＯ检定合格并推荐作为生产人用灭活狂犬病疫苗的传代细胞 ,它不仅来源方便 ,繁殖速度快 ,维持时间长 ,容易控制外源因子污染 ,且对狂犬病毒敏感 ,适合大规模生产狂犬病疫苗。 1993年我们在卫生部批准立项 ,开始了Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病疫苗研制工作 ,并于 1998年研制成功。现将该疫苗人体观察结…     

不同分子量超滤浓缩Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的效果研究

病毒超滤浓缩技术是生产人用纯化Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病疫苗的必要手段，国内研制者多采用３０万分子量超滤膜进行浓缩〔１〕。但据ＦＸＭｅｓｌｉｎ等报道，国外多采用１万～１０万分子量超滤膜进行浓缩〔２〕。为避免超滤过程中的病毒丢失，提高疫苗的产出率，我们进行了１...     

人用纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的研制

狂犬病是一种自然疫源性疾病，是由狂犬病毒引起的所有温血动物都易感的人兽共患性疾病，一旦发病，１００％死亡。唯一有效的预防手段就是及时注射狂犬疫苗。我国每年需要６００万人份左右的狂犬病疫苗。但是我国现行的原代地鼠肾细胞培养狂犬病疫苗。生产工艺落后，生产...     

应用Vero细胞制备狂犬病疫苗最适条件的研究

我国目前用于预防狂犬病的主要是地鼠肾细胞疫苗,其产量和质量尚不能满足防病、灭病的需要。Ｖｅｒｏ细胞经ＷＨＯ检定合格并推荐作为生产人用灭活狂犬病疫苗的传代细胞,不仅来源方便,繁殖速度快,维持时间长,容易控制外源因子污染,而且对狂犬病毒敏感,适合大规模生...     

密度梯度离心法纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的研究

笔者应用超滤浓缩和密度梯度区带离心技术,对Ｖｅｒｏ细胞制备的人用狂犬病疫苗进行了以蔗糖为介质的密度梯度区带离心纯化研究。1　材料和方法1.1　狂犬疫苗的制备　在10Ｌ转瓶常规培养的Ｖｅｒｏ细胞中接种ＣＴＮ-Ｖ1狂犬病固定毒,于37℃培养3ｄ后,换维持液;每过3～4ｄ收获病毒液3次,即为粗制疫苗。1.2　疫苗的澄清与浓缩　粗制疫苗先经0.45μｍ微孔滤膜澄清过滤,再用截留分子量为30万ＭＷ(美国ＭＩＬＬＩＰＯＲＥ公司生产)超滤膜浓缩80～100倍,然后用浓度为1/3000～1/5000的β-丙内酯灭活待用。1.3　高速离心去残渣　浓缩后的粗制疫苗经…     

进口和国产Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗安全性分析

近年我国已推广应用国产经Vero传代细胞培养制成的纯化狂犬病疫苗。我们于 2 0 0 2年 2～ 12月按《国际临床试验规范》(GCP)方法对进口和国产Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的安全性进行了临床试验观察。1.材料与方法 :实验组为维尔博 (Veroab)精制纯化Vero细胞狂犬病冻干疫苗 ,由安万特 巴斯德公司生产 ,0 .5ml× 5针 ,批号 :U 0 940 2 ;对照组为人用狂犬病纯化疫苗 (Vero细胞 )由中国长春长生实业股份有限公司生产 ,为液体疫苗 ,1.0ml× 5针 ,批号 :0 2 0 80 9 9。试验目的旨在评价暴露后伤者使用进口精制纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗 (维尔博 )和国…     

不同灭活方法对Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗效力的影响

传统的人用浓缩狂犬病疫苗是采用福尔马林进行灭活,而国际上新型疫苗早已采用β-丙内酯做为灭活剂.为了摒弃旧的生产工艺,提高我国生物制品产品质量,使之尽早与国际接轨,我们对两种灭活方法进行了试验研究.现报告如下.材料与方法(1)病毒原液制备:将Vero细胞与CTN-1株狂犬病毒混合接种于10立升转瓶,培养一定时间后,收获病毒液.     

人用Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗纯化工艺的建立

目的 建立人用Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的纯化工艺。方法 应用2步柱层析对Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗原液进行纯化，对该疫苗效价及残余小牛血清、Vero细胞DNA等纯化指标进行检测。结果 经纯化的疫苗各项纯化指标均达到《中国生物制品规程》的要求，并较好保留了疫苗活性。结论 该法适用于人用Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的纯化。     

Immunogenicity and safety study of Indirab: A Vero cell based chromatographically purified human rabies vaccine

A chromatographically purified Vero cell rabies vaccine, Indirab manufactured by Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad, India was subjected to safety and immunogenicity studies by both intramuscular and intradermal routes of administration in parallel with a reference vaccine, Verorab. A Pre-exposure study was undertaken in 239 subjects by intramuscular (IM) route (Study I), Post-exposure study in 188 patients by intramuscular route (Study II) and Simulated post-exposure study in 134 subjects by intradermal (ID) route (Study III). All subjects in these studies were administered with either the test or the reference vaccine as per WHO approved intramuscular and intradermal regimens. The blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 35 in case of Study 1, and days 0, 14, 28 and 90 in case of studies II and III. In all studies both vaccine groups had adequate antibody titers (>0.5 IU/mL) on all days tested post-vaccination and there was no significant difference in the titers observed (p > 0.05). Some side effects like pain, induration, itching and fever were noted in both vaccine groups in all studies. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Hence it can be concluded that Indirab is as safe and immunogenic as Verorab when administered by both intramuscular and intradermal routes.     

人用狂犬病无佐剂纯化疫苗的安全性与免疫原性的初步观察

目的评价国产人用狂犬病无佐剂纯化疫苗(Vero细胞微载体)的安全性和免疫原性。方法对502人(A组)接种人用狂犬病无佐剂纯化疫苗(Vero细胞微载体)另100人(B组)作为对照接种巴斯德公司生产的狂犬病纯化疫苗。采用0、3、7、14和28天程序,观察每针次接种后72小时内局部和全身反应及14天、45天的免疫应答水平。结果所有接种对象均未出现严重局部和全身副反应。首剂免疫14天,A、B组抗体阳性率均达到100%,几何平均滴度为5.2IU/ml和5.6IU/ml。第45天,A组抗体几何平均滴度上升至9.5IU/mll,与B组相似(9.8IU/ml)。结论人用狂犬病无佐剂纯化疫苗(Vero细胞微载体)具有良好安全性和免疫原性。     

Safety and immunogenicity of two freeze-dried Vero cell rabies vaccines for human use in post-exposure prophylaxis

To provide basis for human rabies vaccination in China, the safety and immunogenicity of two freeze-dried Vero cell rabies vaccines for human use were assessed. A total of 250 volunteers were enrolled and divided into two groups: volunteers in Group A (n = 200) were vaccinated five doses of Speeda Vero cell rabies vaccine manufactured by Liaoning Chengda Biotechnology Co. Ltd. on day 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 after exposure. Volunteers in Group B (n = 50) were treated with Verorab Vero cell rabies vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur on the same schedule. The local and systematic adverse reactions were observed. Serum neutralizing antibody levels of 80 individuals in Group A and 50 individuals in Group B were tested with RFFIT on day 7, 14, 45, 180, 360 after the first dose. The seroconversion rates in Groups A and B were 40.3% and 37.0% on day 7 after the first dose, 95.5% and 97.7% on day 14, 100% and 100% on day 45, 100% and 100% on day 180, 89.1% and 89.5% on day 360 respectively, indicating no significant differences between the two groups. And no significant differences were found between the neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the two groups on day 7, 14, 45, 180 and 360 after the first dose, with the GMTs of day 14, 45, 180 and 360 all higher than 0.5 IU/ml. Antibody levels of the two groups peaked around 2 weeks after the full vaccination program, followed by a 55% decrease up to day 180 and another 76% decrease up to day 360. Both groups experienced occasions of transient fever, rash, edema, and scleroma after vaccination. Neither group had any severe adverse reactions. It was concluded that both vaccines showed satisfactory safety and immunogenicity. Booster vaccination is recommended following another exposure after six months since the full vaccination program.     

Safety and immunogenicity of a serum-free purified Vero rabies vaccine in healthy adults: A randomised phase II pre-exposure prophylaxis study

A serum-free, highly purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV-NG) is under development. We previously demonstrated that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with PVRV-NG had a satisfactory safety profile and was immunogenically non-inferior to the licensed purified Vero cell rabies vaccine in adults. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenic non-inferiority of PrEP with PVRV-NG compared to the licensed human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) in healthy adults (NCT01784874). Participants received three vaccinations (days 0, 7, and 28) as PrEP with or without a booster injection after 12 months. Rabies virus neutralising antibodies (RVNA) were evaluated on days 0, 28 (subgroup only), and 42, and Months 6, 12, and 12 + 14 days (booster group only). Non-inferiority (first primary objective) was based on the proportion of participants with RVNA titres ≥ 0.5 IU/mL (World Health Organization criteria for seroconversion) on day 42, expected to be ≥ 99% (second primary objective). Safety was evaluated after each dose and monitored throughout the study. At day 42, PVRV-NG was non-inferior to HDCV and the first primary objective was met; seroconversion was observed for 98.3% of PVRV-NG recipients and 99.1% of HDCV recipients. As < 99% of participants in the PVRV-NG group had RVNA titres ≥ 0.5 IU/mL, the second primary objective was not met. Booster vaccination produced a strong increase in RVNA titres for all groups, primed with PVRV-NG or HDCV. RVNA geometric mean titres tended to be higher for HDCV than PVRV-NG primary vaccine recipients. In a complementary evaluation using alternative criteria for seroconversion (complete virus neutralization at 1:5 serum dilution), 99.6% and 100% of participants in the PVRV-NG and HDCV groups, respectively, achieved seroconversion across the vaccine groups. No major safety concerns were observed during the study. PVRV-NG was well tolerated, with a similar safety profile to HDCV in terms of incidence, duration, and severity of adverse events after primary and booster vaccinations.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01784874.     

狂犬病aG毒株适应3aG-V生产株的特性研究

目的研究狂犬病固定毒Vero细胞适应株3aG-V生产株的生物学特性。方法观察毒株形态、培养条件、致病性、免疫原性、毒力试验及其在中枢神经系统是否形成尼氏小体。结果狂犬病aG固定毒3aG-V株具有抗原性好,培养产毒量高,保持有aG固定株弱毒性、传代稳定、无变异的特性。结论狂犬病aG固定毒3aG-V株可作为替代地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗aG毒株,用于Vero细胞培养病毒生产出毒液毒力高、灭活后效力高、安全性好的纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗的生产用疫苗株。     

A comparative study on the safety and immunogenicity of purified duck embryo cell vaccine (PDEV,Vaxirab) with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC,Rabipur) and purifed vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV,Verorab)

Rabies is a fatal but preventable disease. Cell culture vaccines (CCV) and purified duck embryo vaccines (PDEV) are currently recommended by WHO for post-exposure prophylaxis. In India, a PDEV (Vaxirab) is being manufactured and is in use since 2003. In the present study, we have evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and tolerance of this vaccine with two other WHO approved CCVs, viz., purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC, Rabipur) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Veroroab). This study was an open label, randomized phase IV comparative clinical trial. A total of 152 people bitten by dogs and other animals were recruited from 4 different centres from India. They were randomly assigned to receive one of the vaccines by Essen intramuscular regimen (52 subjects received Vaxirab and 50 each Rabipur and Verorab) and rabies immunoglobulin was also administered in all category III exposures. Their blood samples were collected on day 0 (prior to vaccination), 14, 28, 90 and 180. Side effects if any were monitored. The rabies neutralizing antibody titers in their blood samples were estimated by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Subjects in all three groups had neutralizing antibody titers by day 14 (>0.5 IU/mL) and geometric mean titers (GMT) observed for different vaccines on all days tested did not vary significantly (p > 0.5). Side effects observed were minimal and did not vary significantly among the groups. The results of the present study indicate that PDEV (Vaxirab) is as safe, tolerable and immunogenic as both PCEC (Rabipur) and PVRV (Verorab). Thus this vaccine can be a good alternative to WHO approved CCVs for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.     

2013-2016年天津市狂犬病暴露后免疫效果分析

目的 了解天津市狂犬病暴露后免疫者血清中和抗体水平,为指导狂犬病预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法 对2013-2016年在天津市疾病预防控制中心动物致伤门诊全程注射狂犬病疫苗并于免疫后14～30天采血进行快速荧光灶抑制试验者进行统计学分析。结果 不同月份接种狂犬病疫苗,中和抗体水平趋于平稳,在10IU/ml上下波动;未成年组头面部暴露比例最高,青壮年组下肢暴露比例最高,老年组上肢暴露比例最高;91例暴露后免疫者血清中和抗体几何平均滴度为9714IU/ml,阳转率为100%;女性中和抗体水平明显高于男性(t=2482,P=0015);复种组中和抗体水平远高于初种组(疫苗组及疫苗+蛋白组)(F=5356,P=0006);不同年龄组、不同暴露部位、不同暴露等级及接种不同疫苗中和抗体水平无统计学差异(P皆＞005)。结论 狂犬病暴露后免疫效果不受季节、年龄、暴露部位、暴露等级及接种疫苗种类影响,女性免疫效果优于男性,复种组免疫效果明显优于初种组。     

Serum-free purified Vero rabies vaccine is safe and immunogenic in children: Results of a randomized phase II pre-exposure prophylaxis regimen study

BackgroundA serum-free, highly purified Vero rabies vaccine (PVRV-NG) has been developed with no animal or human components and low residual DNA content. A phase II randomized clinical study aimed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the immune response and assess the safety profile of PVRV-NG versus a licensed human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (HDCV) in a pre-exposure regimen in healthy children and adolescents in the Philippines.MethodologyChildren aged 2–11 years and adolescents aged 12–17 years were randomized (2:1) to receive three injections of either PVRV-NG or HDCV (on day [D] 0, D7 and D28). Rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) were measured at D0, D42 and 6 months after the first injection (month [M] 6). Safety was assessed during the vaccination period and up to 28 days after the last vaccination. Serious adverse events were followed until 6 months after last vaccination.Principal findings342 healthy participants (171 children and 171 adolescents) were randomized and followed for 6 months after the last dose. All participants in both groups had an RVNA titer ≥ 0.5 IU/ml at D42, demonstrating non-inferiority in seroconversion rate for PVRV-NG versus HDCV. Over 90% of participants had RVNA titer ≥ 0.5 IU/ml at M6. PVRV-NG was well tolerated after each vaccination and up to 6 months following the last dose. There were no major safety concerns during the study, and the type and severity of solicited adverse events was similar for both treatment groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the non-inferior immune profile of PVRV-NG compared with HDCV in a pre-exposure setting within a pediatric population. PVRV-NG was well tolerated with no safety concerns. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01930357) and EU Clinical Trials Register (2015–003203-30).     

Purification of rabies virus produced in Vero cells grown in serum free medium

Rabies is a viral zoonosis caused by negative-stranded RNA viruses of the Lyssavirus genus. It can affect all mammals including humans. Dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans. Vaccination against rabies is still the sole efficient way to fight against the disease.Cell culture vaccines are recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for pre and post exposure prophylaxis; among them Vero cell rabies vaccines which are used worldwide. In this work we studied the purification of inactivated rabies virus produced in Vero cells grown in animal component free conditions, using different methods. Cells were grown in VP-SFM medium in stirred bioreactor, then infected at an MOI of 0.05 with the LP2061 rabies virus strain. Collected harvests were purified by zonal centrifugation, and by chromatography supports, namely the Capto Core 700 and the monolithic CIM-QA column. Generated data were compared in terms of residual DNA level, host cell proteins (HCP) level and the overall recovery yield.Rabies virus purification using the monolithic column resulted in the highest antigen recovery yield, equal to 94%. Capto Core 700 showed a lower yield, about 84%; whereas the purification yield by zonal centrifugation was equal to 60%. In terms of host cell residual DNA removal, zonal centrifugation was the most efficient method; the removal yield was equal to 88.5%; elimination of host cell DNA was slightly lower when using the monolithic CIM-QA (equal to 73%). Whereas Capto Core 700 showed the lowest level (49.2%). Host cell protein removal varied between 92.6% for the monolithic column and 78.6% for the zonal centrifugation. Capto Core 700 eliminated 86.5% of HCP.     

One-week intramuscular or intradermal pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell vaccine or Vero cell rabies vaccine,followed by simulated post-exposure prophylaxis at one year: A phase III,open-label,randomized, controlled trial to assess immunogenicity and safety

Shorter rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens may offer improved convenience and feasibility over classic 3-week regimens, for example in regions with poor access to vaccines or for travelers to rabies-endemic regions. In this multicenter, open-label, controlled trial, 570 healthy participants aged 2–64 years were randomized to receive: 1-week PrEP (vaccination days [D]0 and 7; Group 1) or classic 3-week PrEP regimen (D0, D7, and D21; Group 2) with one 1.0 mL intramuscular [IM] dose of human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (HDCV) at each visit; 1-week PrEP with two 0.1 mL intradermal (ID) HDCV doses at each visit (Group 3); or 1-week PrEP with one 0.5 mL IM dose (Group 4) or two 0.1 mL ID doses (Group 5) of Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) at each visit. Participants received simulated post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) vaccination (two IM or ID doses of HDCV or PVRV three days apart) one year later. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers and seroconversion (titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) rates were assessed 14 days and up to 1 year post-PrEP, and pre- and post-PEP. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Seroconversion rates were high 14 days post-last PrEP injection (ranging from 96.7 % to 97.2 % across groups 1, 3–5; 1-week PrEP) and reached 100 % in Group 2 (3-week PrEP). Non-inferiority of Group 1 versus Group 2 in terms of seroconversion rates 14 days post-last PrEP injection (primary objective) was not demonstrated. After simulated PEP, all groups showed rapid and robust immune responses, with all but one participant achieving seroconversion (titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL). There were no safety concerns, and the tolerability profiles of the vaccines were similar across the groups.A 1-week, IM or ID PrEP regimen with HDCV or PVRV provided efficacious priming, enabling rapid robust anamnestic responses to simulated PEP 1 year later across age groups.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03700242.WHO Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1183-5743.