The microcirculatory bed of hamster cheek pouches after occlusion of the common carotid arteries

The responses of hamster cheek pouch microvessels after occlusion of the common carotid artery on the ipsilateral side are compared. It is found that under conditions of limited inflow the microvessels preserve the inflow on the left side and the outflow on the right side, with venular constriction predominating in the left cheek and arteriolar in the right. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 144–147, February, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Responses of microvasculature in the paired cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution

Comparison of arteriolar and venular responses in the left and right cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution showed that blood loss led to a greater constriction of arterioles and venules in the right pouch than in the left and that blood substitution decreased arteriolar constriction and restored venular size in the right pouch, but resulted in a more marked constriction of both arterioles and venules in the left pouch. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 30–32, January, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The asymmetry phenomenon in responses of frog lingual microvessels

Qualitative evaluations and measurements of morphometric paramaters (area, length, and diameter) performed in symmetrical fragments of the vascular bed of 30 frog tongues before, during, and after the production of local ischemia on the ipsi-or contralateral side reveal morphological and functional asymmetries in microvessels on the two sides of the tongue. Two groups of individuals, tentatively designated as “right-dominant” and “left-dominant,” are identified. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 319–323, September, 1994 (Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Analysis of changes in the electroencephalogram power spectrum on a new model of brain ischemia in rats

The bioelectrical activity is studied in the left and right parietal cortex by recording the power spectrum of the electroencephalogram in brain ischemia caused by complete ligation of the left common carotid artery and 50% reduction of the blood flow in the right common carotid artery in experiments carried out on nonnarcotized Wistar rats. Ischemia results in marked and stable disorders in the bioelectrical activity manifested in a decrease of the total EEG power, depression of the dominating frequency in the Θ-range, increase of the δ-range power, and interhemispheric asymmetry of some spectrogram parameters. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 565–567, December, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of an organophosphorus compound on pulmonary and systemic circulations

Shortly (30–90 min) after an intragastric administration of the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio to cats, their cardiac output begins to decrease and the right ventricular output decreased to a greater extent than the left. Blood is redistributed to the greater circulation with a diminution of blood flow in the pulmonary lobar vessels. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 18–21, January, 1994     

Morphology of cortical structures in cerebral ischemia and its combination with audiogenic seizures

Studies of the sensorimotor and auditory areas of the brain in rats after ligation of the left common carotid artery reveal polymorphous alterations in cortical vessels, neurons, and glial cells. Compensatory reversible alterations constitute the largest group. In cerebral ischemia combined with audiogenic seizures dystrophic and destructive alterations in cortical elements become more significant. Alterations in cortical structures after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries are more pronounced than those occurring after unilateral occlusion. During the postseizure period after ligation of both arteries, dystrophic and destructive alterations become more severe, while reparative processes are inhibited. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 331–334, September, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of cytochromec on the necrosis zone in transitory myocardial ischemia

The cardioprotector effect of cytochromec during a 15-min complete blocking of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was studied in rat experiments. Cytochromec in a dose of 20 mg/kg was found to noticeably reduce the necrosis zone 4 h after transitory ischemia. The protective effect of a single injection of cytochromec was virtually undetectable after 72, h, this pointing to the need for a course of treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o , 4, pp. 439–440, April, 1994     

Effects of ischemia on the development of a deafferentation pain syndrome and on microcirculatory disturbances in rats

In a group of rats with transected sciatic nerve, ischemia of the operated limb produced by femoral artery ligation was found to result in an accelerated onset and increased severity of autotomy as compared to a similar group of rats without ischemia. Biomicroscopic examination of the mesenteric microcirculation showed that the ischemia also intensified disturbances of the terminal blood flow, made the venules more permeable, and increased the percentage of degranulated mast cells. The possible mechanisms by which ischemia promotes the development of chronic pain syndromes are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 3, pp. 235–237, March, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Reactivity of the conjunctival microcirculatory bed in students from various regions of the world as an indicator of adaptation of the organism

Microcirculatory vessels of the eyeball conjunctiva were examined during exercise in students from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The reactivity of microvessels was found to be increased at the early stages of adaptation, which indicates a high-level compensatory potential of the organism. An appreciable reduction of microvessel reactivity after 1 to 2 years of university studies indicates a decrease of the compensatory potential in this period of adaptation. After 4–5 years of studies the reactivity of the microvessels is virtually the same in foreign and Russian students, this indicating the formation of a stable phase of adaptation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 423–426, April, 1995 Presented by N. A. Agadzhanyan, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural and functional changes in the brain of rats with different behavioral types at later stages of circulatory hypoxia

Structural changes in the brain were studied at later (one and three months) stages of cerebral hypoxia caused by occlusion of the common carotid arteries, which were indicative of the development of recovery and destructive processes. Brain ultrastructure was found to be better preserved in rats with an active type of behavior one month after the onset of ischemia than in rats of the other groups; motor activity was restored to the baseline level, thus demonstrating a higher rate of recovery processes. Significant ultrastructural damage to the brain at the same stage of ischemia was observed in rats with a passive type of behavior (especially in rats of the middle group), while motor activity was increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 529–534, November, 1994 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences     

The state of the microcirculatory bed,microhemodynamics, and oxygen supply of the liver under conditions of disrupted parasympathetic innervation

Vagotomy is shown to result in disturbances of the microcirculation (a reduced rate of blood flow and distortion of its kinetics), the morphological basis of which consists of certain transformations of the microvascular network organization and ultrastructural changes in the cells lining the sinusoidal capillaries. The most pronounced disorders in microhemodynamics and blood supply of the liver are found 5–14 days after vagotomy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 328–330, September, 1994 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of substance P on neurological status and behavioral responses altered as a result of prolonged brain ischemia in rats with different types of behavior

Substance P administered 30 min after the onset of cerebral ischemia improved the neurological status and prevented postischemic hyperactivity in rats with a passive type of behavior; had no effect on the neurological status of rats with an intermediate type of behavior but reduced their postischemic hyperactivity; aggravated the neurological status of rats with an active type of behavior without exerting a significant effect on their behavioral responses; and averted a rise in the level of depression in rats of all three groups. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the type of behavior, manifestations of cerebral ischemia, and the effects of substance P. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 132–136, August, 1995 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Characterization of cardiac function in hypertensive rats of the NISAG strain (an ECG study)

Analysis of ECGs recorded in 3 standard leads, 3 augmented limb leads, and 3 chest leads revealed typical signs of left ventricular hypertrophy with a relative deterioration of coronary blood supply in NISAG rats, a new strain with hereditary arterial hypertension. These signs are considered to be characteristic of an established arterial hypertension and may be taken as evidence that the NISAG strain can serve as an adequate animal model of human hypertensive disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7 pp. 17–18, July, 1994 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Study of cardioprotective effect of α-tocopherol and panthenol using an experimental model of ischemized-reperfused isolated heart

Using an experimental ischemia-reperfusion model it is found that combined treatment with α-tocopherol and panthenol markedly increases the content of endogenous antioxidant tocopherol during total ischemia and reperfusion, i.e., it improves the antioxidant state of the postischemized myocardium, thus preventing possible damage caused by stepped-up production of active oxygen forms during reoxygenation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 574–576, June, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural stereological analysis of absolute parameters of cardiomyocytes exposed to contrasting temperature effects

It is shown that moderate low and superlow temperatures as well as general overheating of the organism cause a marked decrease in the total volume of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic matrix in cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle. These alterations develop in all cases and do not depend on changes (an increase or decrease) in the heart mass. The most pronounced alterations in the total volume and area of the main organelles of cardiomyocytes are noted after general cooling of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp 437–441, October, 1995 Presented by V. V. Lyakhovich, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Changes in rhythmoinotropic reactions of the myocardium in chronic ischemia: Pathology or adaptation?

Changes in the organization of the Ca⁺-transporting systems but not disturbances in the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes are shown to occur in chronic coronary heart disease. During a certain stage of CHD the change in rhythmoinotropic relations may reflect adaptive changes induced by functioning of the myocardium under conditions of ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 457–459, May, 1994     

Impact of preliminary gamma-irradiation on the pattern of change in vascular tone after intravenous injection ofNeisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharide in rats

It is shown on rats that intravenous administration of theNeisseria menignitidis lipopolysaccharide lowers the mean arterial pressure, myocardial contractility and vascular tone in the system of the left carotid artery. In rats exposed to gamma radiation and then to the lipopolysaccharide, the decrease in myocardial contractility and the degree of arterial hypotension were more pronounced than in those exposed to the lipopolysaccharide alone, but the vascular tone in the carotid artery system was reduced to a lesser extent. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 129–131, August, 1995 Presented by V. A. Matyukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of cerebrocrast on local cerebral bloodflow and EEG of alert rats with brain ischemia

Cerebrocrast, a, 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, accelerated blood delivery to the brain and normalized the spectrum and total power of the electroencephalogram during brain ischemia; manifestations of interhemispheric asymmetry of the electroencephalogram and cerebral bloodflow were leveled. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o . 3, pp. 296–298, March, 1995 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam acting jointly increase cardiac electrical stability

In experiments on rabbits under Nembutal anesthesia, intravenous injection of flunitrazepam in a single dose of 0.125 mg/kg in combination with delta sleep-inducing peptide in a single dose of 60 nmol/kg raised the threshold of ventricular fibrillation to a level that was significantly higher than that after injection of flunitrazepam alone in the same dose and comparable to that after injection of this benzodiazepine alone in twice as high a dose (0.25 mg/kg), but without the side effects (persistent hypotension and transient bradycardia) produced by the latter dose. It is concluded that the ability of jointly acting delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam to increase the electrical stability of the heart may have practical relevance to the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias occurring under conditions of emotional stress and myocardial ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 342–345, April, 1995 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences