全胰切除术联合自体胰岛移植治疗慢性胰腺炎的研究进展

慢性胰腺炎是一种由遗传、环境等因素引起的胰腺组织进行性慢性炎症性疾病,其临床表现为反复发作的腹痛与胰腺内、外分泌功能不足。外科治疗在慢性胰腺炎的治疗中主要是针对内科与内镜治疗无效的顽固性疼痛、以及慢性胰腺炎相关并发症。全胰切除术联合自体胰岛细胞移植(TPIAT)可在缓解患者腹痛、减轻患者阿片肽类药物依赖、提高患者生活质...     

慢性胰腺炎胰腺切除术后自体胰岛移植现状

目前,胰腺切除后自体胰岛移植（IAT）主要用于治疗伴有顽固性疼痛的慢性胰腺炎。IAT可以防止或者减少由胰腺切除引起的外科糖尿病的发生,最大程度地保留胰腺内分泌功能。随着胰岛制备技术的不断提高,IAT的效果逐渐得到改善,且具有手术安全、术后不需免疫抑制剂、可有效防止糖尿病发生、改善预后等优点,应于国内推广开展。     

我国首例胰腺次全切除联合自体胰岛细胞移植治疗慢性胰腺炎临床分析△

目的总结分析胰腺次全切除联合自体胰岛细胞移植治疗慢性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法对1例全胰腺实质弥漫性病变及其他治疗均失败的慢性胰腺炎患者行胰腺次全切除联合自体胰岛细胞移植,并对随访3个月的资料进行总结与分析。结果患者术后恢复顺利,无出血、无吻合口漏、无严重低血糖等并发症发生,腹痛完全缓解,术后未使用任何镇痛药。随访期间患者空腹血糖及C肽在正常水平,腹部超声检查未发现异常。结论胰腺次全切除联合自体胰岛细胞移植是治疗全胰腺实质弥漫性病变及其他治疗均失败的慢性胰腺炎患者的理想方法,既能缓解患者的临床症状,又最大程度地预防了外科性糖尿病的发生,即使术后移植胰岛仅保留部分功能,但对于维持血糖的生理性平衡、减少糖尿病并发症的发生尤其是致命性低血糖的发作是十分重要的。     

胰腺移植及胰岛移植的现状

本文简要综述了胰腺移植与胰岛移植治疗1型及2型糖尿病的现状。     

胰腺移植及胰岛移植的现状

本文简要综述了胰腺移植与胰岛移植治疗1型及2型糖尿病的现状。     

胰腺干细胞和胰岛移植

胰岛移植是治疗糖尿病行之有效的方法，但是胰岛移植需要解决两大难题：首先，每位受体需要移植大约10万个胰岛，所以要有足够量的胰岛供体，而目前胰腺供体相当匮乏；其次是免疫排斥问题，当前所采用的免疫移植剂治疗都有严重的副作用。     

子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植治疗糖尿病

目的 探讨利用子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植保护移植胰岛,提高糖尿病移植疗效的可行性.方法 分离纯化孕16 d SD大鼠子鼠:胰腺干细胞培养传代,行Nestin免疫组织化学及流式细胞术鉴定;分离纯化SD大鼠胰岛,分联合移植组(10只)、单独移植组(10只)及正常对照组(10只),分别将2×105个子鼠:胰腺干细胞与800个胰岛和单纯800个胰岛移植至糖尿病大鼠模型左肾包膜下,定期监测各组大鼠血糖情况及留取血浆ELISA测胰岛素含量,观察胰岛存活时间.结果 子鼠:胰腺干细胞培养传代3代后细胞涂片免疫组织化学示存在Nestin阳性细胞,流式细胞术测定nestin阳性细胞含量占74.1%.联合移植组大鼠均于术后第3天起血糖开始下降,血浆胰岛素水平逐渐升高,术后5 d内血糖可降至正常[(5.4±0.6)mmol/L],血浆胰岛素达到正常水平[(509.8±16.6)ng/L],胰岛存活时间(18.2±2.4)d;单独移植组大鼠血糖可于术后1周内降至正常[(6.1±0.9)mmol/L],胰岛存活时间(14.4±2.1)d;两组胰岛存活时间差别有统计学意义(P《0.05).结论 子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植可保护胰岛功能,延长胰岛体内存活时间,提高移植疗效.     

胰腺移植和胰岛移植的现状

糖尿病是临床常见病 ,据推测至 2 0 10年全球糖尿病患者预计将超过 3 .5亿 ,其中 5 %～ 10 %的患者将因糖尿病晚期出现的糖尿病肾病、视网膜病变、微血管病变和神经末梢病变等并发症而直接影响生命 ,因此糖尿病及其并发症作为一项重要而艰巨的课题仍然困扰着广大医务工作者。胰腺移植和胰岛移植能增加患者胰岛素分泌细胞 ,从而有效地控制血糖 ,防止和改善糖尿病的并发症 ,提高生活质量 ,是治疗胰岛素依赖性糖尿病 (IDDM )的有效手段[1,2 ] 。现就胰腺移植和胰岛移植的现状综述如下。1　胰腺移植的现状自 1966年 12月Kelly等[3 ] 实施了首…     

Pancreatic islet autotransplantation with total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis

Achieving pain relief and improving the quality of life are the main targets of treatment for patients with chronic pancreatitis. The use of total pancreatectomy to treat chronic pancreatitis is a radical and in some ways ideal strategy. However, total pancreatectomy is associated with severe diabetic control problems. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation can relieve severe pain and prevent the development of postsurgical diabetes. With islet autotransplantation, patients with chronic pancreatitis receive their own islet cells and therefore do not require immunosuppressive therapy. In the future, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation may be considered a treatment option for chronic pancreatitis patients.     

The role of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis

Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation are done for chronic pancreatitis with intractable pain when other treatment measures have failed, allowing insulin secretory capacity to be preserved, minimizing or preventing diabetes, while at the same time removing the root cause of the pain. Since the first case in 1977, several series have been published. Pain relief is obtained in most patients, and insulin independence preserved long term in about a third, with another third having sufficient beta cell function so that the surgical diabetes is mild. Islet autotransplantation has been done with partial or total pancreatectomy for benign and premalignant conditions. Islet autotransplantation should be used more widely to preserve beta cell mass in major pancreatic resections.     

Systematic review of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis

Background:

Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP/IAT) is a treatment option in a subset of patients with chronic pancreatitis. A systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate the outcome of this procedure, with an attempt to ascertain when it is indicated.

Methods:

MEDLINE (1950 to present), Embase (1980 to present) and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies of outcomes in patients undergoing TP/IAT. Cohort studies that reported the outcomes following the procedure were included. The MOOSE guidelines were used as a basis for this review.

Results:

Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The techniques reported for pancreatectomy and islet cell isolation varied between studies. TP/IAT was successful in reducing pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Comparing morphine requirements before and after the procedure, two studies recorded significant reductions. Concurrent IAT reduced the insulin requirement after TP; the rate of insulin independence ranged from 46 per cent of patients at 5 years' mean follow‐up to 10 per cent at 8 years. The impact on quality of life was poorly reported. The studies reviewed did not provide evidence for optimal timing of TP/IAT in relation to the evolution of chronic pancreatitis.

Conclusion:

This systematic review showed that TP/IAT had favourable outcomes with regard to pain reduction. Concurrent IAT enabled a significant proportion of patients to remain independent of insulin supplementation. Copyright © 2012 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation in a pancreatic-sufficient cystic fibrosis patient

For children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) suffering from acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), abdominal pain can be severe, difficult to treat, impair their quality of life, affect participation at school, and can lead to chronic opioid dependence. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is an uncommon treatment that is reserved for refractory cases of ARP. We present a case of a 4 year old female with pancreatic-sufficient CF, refractory ARP, frequent hospital admissions for abdominal pain, and continued growth failure despite gastrostomy tube and parenteral nutrition. One year after successful TPIAT, the patient is insulin-independent, growing well, and has not been re-hospitalized for abdominal pain. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient with CF to undergo TPIAT for debilitating ARP. With CFTR modulators restoring some pancreatic function, CF clinicians should have increased vigilance for the development of ARP.     

Distal pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis.

Eight patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent 95% pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation. The partially purified islet material was transplanted into the liver at the time of surgery via embolization into the portal vein. Hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy developed in all patients immediately followed surgery. Six patients subsequently became normoglycemic an average of 28 days following the transplant (range: 8-90 days). Three of these patient have remained normoglycemic on a regular diet nine, 18, and 22 months following transplant. The other three redeveloped hyperglycemia and insulin dependency three, six, and eight months after surgery. Indirect measurement of functioning islet cell mass by intravenous glucose tolerance testing preoperatively was predictive of the outcome of the transplant. All patients developed portal hypertension (14-60 cm H2O) during tissue injection into the portal vein. Portal hypertension persisted in one patient and required treatment with a mesocaval shunt. The patient subsequently died of hepatic necrosis. Postoperative catheterization in four patients, three to 12 months posttransplant, revealed that portal pressure had returned to normal. Clinically, all seven surviving patients were improved following surgery.     

Total pancreatectomy in the treatment of acute necrotising and hemorrhagic pancreatitis indications-technique

The place of total pancreatectomy in the treatment of pancreatitis is still not clear: the author is in favour of this operation and gives the indications, surgical technique, complications and results. The operation is indicated in cases of necrosis involving more than ${\raise0.5ex\hbox{${\raise0.5ex\hbox{ rds of the gland, or the whole of the head and part of the body of the pancreas. The duodenum and pancreas should be removed in one piece and intestinal continuity should be restored performing choledocho-jejunal and gastro-jejunal anastomoses.It is important to carry out this operation early, between the 3rd and 6th days, treating all areas of necrosis before the lesions become the site of uncontrollable infection.     

Total or near total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for treatment of chronic pancreatitis.

Total or near total pancreatectomy is the surest way to relieve the pain of chronic pancreatitis but is rarely applied because the metabolic consequences are so severe. For most patients drainage procedures are applicable, but pancreatectomy may be the only alternative for small duct disease or where procedures to improve duct drainage have failed. Preservation of endocrine function is a major problem in patients who require pancreatectomy. Experiments in pancreatectomized dogs have shown that intrasplenic or intraportal transplantation of unpurified pancreatic islet tissue dispersed by collagenase digestion can prevent diabetes. We have applied this technique to ten patients with chronic pancreatitis, small ducts, and intractable pain. The entire pancreas of > 95% of the pancrease was excised, minced, dispersed by collagenase digestion and infused into the portal vein < 2 1/2 hours after removal. Mean (+/- SD) rise in portal pressure was 17 +/- 8 cm of water. Liver function tests were altered minimally. All patients were relieved of pain. One patient died of a complication not related to the islet autotransplant; viable islets were identified in the liver at autopsy. Of the remaining nine patients, three have been insulin independent for 1, 9, and 38 months. One patient was insulin indpendent for 15 months and now takes 12 units of insulin daily. Three have nonketosis prone diabetes (tested by insulin withdrawal) and take 15--30 units of insulin per day. C-peptide studies in these patients show that functioning islets are present. Two patients are diabetic and require 35 and 60 units of insulin per day. In eight of nine patients tested serum insulin concentrations fell to undetectable levels during the interval between pancreatectomy and islet transplantation. Serum insulin levels during the first few hours after islet transplantation predicted success. In the insulin independent or in the patients with mild diabetes, insulin levels were persistently greater than or equal to 6 microU/ml. In the other two patients, the increase in insulin concentration was not sustained. Islet tissue preparation from a diseased pancreas is difficult. The surgeon and the patient must still be willing to accept diabetes for relief of pain when performing this operation. In some patients, however, islet autotransplantation can prevent or partially ameliorate diabetes after pancreatectomy, and preservation of endocrine function is worthwhile.     

胰头肿块型胰腺炎诊断和外科治疗进展

随着慢性胰腺炎发病率的逐年升高,胰头肿块型胰腺炎发病率也逐年升高。在临床工作中,胰头肿块型胰腺炎与胰腺癌较难鉴别。但是两者的治疗方案决然不同,且预后差别大。因此胰头肿块型胰腺炎越来越多的受到临床工作者关注。笔者就胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗做一综述,以期望为临床提供一些参考。