全程护理对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者正压通气治疗依从性的影响

目的探讨全程护理模式对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者正压通气治疗依从性的影响。方法将88例愿意接受正压通气治疗的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各44例。对照组采用传统护理模式,治疗组实施院内、院外全程护理模式。比较两组患者6个月后呼吸机使用情况、嗜睡评分和多导睡眠图各项参数。结果护理干预6个月后,治疗组患者持续气道正压通气治疗依从性显著高于对照组,嗜睡评分显著低于对照组,呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低血氧饱和度、0.90的氧减时间比等参数较对照组有显著改善(P0.05,P0.01)。结论采用全程护理模式,可提高阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者正压通气治疗依从性,改善其相关症状。     

临床护理路径在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者健康教育中的应用研究

目的:探讨临床护理路径在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者健康教育中的应用.方法:将80例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者随机分观察组和对照组,观察组采用临床护理路径进行护理,对照组采用传统护理方法进行护理,比较两组患者对疾病相关知识掌握程度和对护理满意度情况.结果:两组患者在疾病相关知识掌握程度及对护理满意度方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者实施临床护理路径,可以提高患者对疾病知识掌握程度和对护理满意度,有利于患者康复.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠体位与呼吸紊乱指数关系分析

目的 了解阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠体位与呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析经多导睡眠图(PSC)确诊的202例OSAHS患者的PSC结果，对RDI、睡眠体位及两者之间的关系进行归纳分析。结果 OSAHS患者随病情的加重，侧卧位睡眠时间与仰卧位睡眠时间比增加，该比值与RDI有显著相关性；侧卧位时RDI较仰卧位时低，有显著性差异。结论 OSAHS患者随病情加重，侧卧位睡眠时间与仰卧位睡眠时间比增加，可能是机体的一种自我调节机制。     

2型糖尿病伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的延续护理

目的探讨延续护理对2型糖尿病伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者干预效果及生存质量的影响。方法将100例2型糖尿病伴OSAHS患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组给予常规出院健康指导,观察组在此基础上实施为期6个月的延续护理。分别在干预前、干预后3个月及6个月测量患者的糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1c)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),并采用糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(DSQL)及Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)进行调查。结果 82例患者完成研究,干预3个月后,观察组HbA1c、DSQL总得分及心理功能、社会关系2个维度得分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);干预6个月后,观察组HbA1c、呼吸暂停低通气程度、白天嗜睡程度、DSQL总得分及各个维度得分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论长期有效的延续护理可以提高2型糖尿病伴OSAHS患者的治疗效果,改善其生存质量。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术对肥胖型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征中期疗效的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)对肥胖型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)的疗效,并分析其影响因素。方法:回顾分析2017年1月至2018年7月行腹腔镜袖状胃切除术的37例肥胖型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床资料及随访资料,分析此术式对患者体重及OSAHS的控制情况,并采用单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析影响体重及OSASH控制效果的相关因素。结果:共37例患者完成手术并定期随访至术后12个月,患者术后体重指数呈下降趋势,额外体重减轻百分率达73.2%;阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征治疗有效率达91.89%,呼吸暂停低通气指数、夜间最低血氧浓度较术前均呈现明显改善趋势;单因素分析显示,性别、体重、额外体重减轻百分率、吸烟可影响LSG对OSAHS的疗效(P<0.05),额外体重减轻百分率、吸烟是影响LSG治疗病态性肥胖疗效的独立因素之一。结论:LSG可有效降低肥胖患者多余体重,具有可靠的减重疗效,同时对OSAHS患者具有良好的中期疗效,吸烟及额外体重减轻百分率可能是影响手术疗效的因素。     

DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效研究

目的：评估DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法：选取16例轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者,为其制作分体式口腔矫治器,对比佩戴前后鼾声嗜睡以及PSG监测指标。结果：与戴用DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗前比较,16例患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低血氧饱和度有明显的改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;鼾声和嗜睡明显减轻,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。患者无明显不适,依从性好。结论：DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器佩戴舒适、制作简单是治疗轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征的有效方法。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与骨质疏松症的相 关性分析

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS)与骨质疏松症的相关性。方法选择深圳市人民医院收治的 63例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者为实验组,39例体检中心的非OSAHS人群为对照组,所有参与实验的对象行体 格检查、调查问卷、多导睡眠检测、骨密度检测等,比较两者人群的骨密度、骨质疏松症患病率,并对OSAHS患者行骨密度与最 低血氧饱和度（SaOJ的相关性分析。结果中、重度OSAHS患者的腰椎L14、股骨颈的骨密度低于对照组;中、重度OSAHS 患者骨质疏松症发生率高于对照组。此外,OSAHS患者的骨密度水平与最低SaO2呈正相关,患者最低SaO2越低,骨密度水 平越低。结论OSAHS患者容易继发骨质疏松症,低氧血症可能是OSAHS患者其并发骨质疏松症的重要危险因素。     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者日间嗜睡、TNF－α水平及微觉醒的关系研究

目的探讨阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者日间嗜睡、TNF—α水平及微觉醒的关系。方法选取多导睡眠图证实为OSAHS的男性患者40例（OSAHS组）,另选择经多导睡眠图检查无OSAHS的健康者15例作为对照组。测定两组受检者血清中TNF-α水平,以Epworth嗜睡量表进行问卷调查并判断嗜睡评分。结果OSAHS组血清TNF-α水平[（18．42±6．23）ng／L]较对照组[（9．75±3．12）ng/L]明显升高（P〈0．01）,两组的嗜睡评分、微觉醒指数比较差异有统计学意义。OSAHS组血清TNF-α水平与微觉醒指数、嗜睡评分呈正相关（r值分别为0．373、0．461,P〈0．01）,嗜睡评分与呼吸暂停低通气指数、微觉醒指数呈正相关（r值分别为0．443、0．751,P〈0．01）。结论OSAHS患者嗜睡评分、TNF-α、微觉醒指数升高。OSAHS相关的微觉醒对日间嗜睡的发生起了重要作用,TNF-α水平异常可能是造成睡眠呼吸紊乱的丰耍原因方一．     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者骨密度及血清OPG、RANKL的变化

目的通过测定阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者骨密度及血清骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand,RANKL)的变化,初步探讨OSAHS与骨质疏松的关系。方法根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)将我院确诊的88名OSAHS患者分为3组:轻度组(5次/h≤AHI15次/h)30例、中度组(15次/h≤AHI30次/h)30例、重度组(AHI≥30次/h)28例,并选择30名健康人群作为正常对照组。记录所有受试者一般资料,测定骨代谢指标及腰椎、股骨颈骨密度,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测各组受试者的血清OPG、RANKL水平,比较各组之间的差异并与AHI进行相关性分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果中度OSAHS组腰椎、股骨颈骨密度较正常对照组降低,差异有统计学意义;重度OSAHS组腰椎、股骨颈骨密度分别较正常对照组、轻度OSAHS组降低,差异有统计学意义。各组OSAHS患者血清OPG均较正常对照组降低,其中重度OSAHS组分别与轻度OSAHS组、正常对照组差异有统计学意义。各组OSAHS患者血清RNAKL均较正常对照组升高,其中中度OSAHS组较正常对照组差异有统计学意义,重度OSAHS组分别较轻度OSAHS组、正常对照组差异有统计学意义。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:骨密度、OPG与AHI呈负相关,RANKL与AHI呈正相关。结论OSAHS患者有发生骨质疏松的风险,且与缺氧程度密切相关,OPG/RANKL比率下调可能为作用机制之一。     

住院中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者认知功能特点及影响因素分析

目的探讨住院中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的认知功能特点及其影响因素。方法运用便利抽样法,选取348例住院中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者为研究对象。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表对其认知功能进行评估,根据得分分为认知功能正常组与认知功能障碍组,对比分析中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的认知功能特点,并应用多因素Logistic回归法分析其影响因素。结果住院中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者认知功能障碍发生率为39.66%,认知功能障碍组延迟记忆、注意力与认知功能正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、学历、体育锻炼频次、平均血氧饱和度是患者发生认知功能障碍的影响因素(均P0.01)。结论住院中年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者存在较严重的认知功能损伤,其中以延迟记忆及注意力领域受损为主;认知功能障碍的发生与年龄偏大、学历偏低、体育锻炼不足、血氧饱和度偏低有关。     

Palatal implants for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of palatal implants for treatment of mild/moderate obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Sixty-two non-obese adults with history of snoring, daytime sleepiness, and mild/moderate OSAHS, were randomized to receive palatal implants (n = 31) or placebo procedure (n = 31). Complete follow-up including quality of life (QOL, SF-36), snoring visual analog scale (VAS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) data were obtained in 62 patients. Seven patients refused follow-up polysomnography for a total of 55 patients (29 implant and 26 placebo). RESULTS: The treatment group (change in score of -7.9 +/- 7.7) was significantly improved compared with the placebo group (change in score of 0.9 +/- 4.3) for apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) (P < 0.0001), QOL, SF-36 (P < 0.0001), snoring VAS (P < 0.0001), and ESS (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Palatal implants improve AHI, QOL, snoring intensity, and daytime sleepiness for selected patients with mild/moderate OSAHS.     

A prospective controlled study of sleep respiratory events in patients with craniovertebral junction malformation

OBJECT: Craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) or Chiari malformation in adults, with or without syringomyelia and basilar invagination, produces neuronal dysfunction of the brainstem, cerebellum, cranial nerves, and upper spinal cord. The respiratory center and some of its afferent and efferent components can be altered in these diseases. The authors studied patients with and without CVJM to determine whether this physical feature contributed to sleep disturbances. METHODS: Respiratory manifestations during sleep were studied prospectively, by using whole-night polysomnography, in 32 symptomatic patients (CVJM group) and 16 healthy volunteers (control group). Patients with CVJM presented with more sleep disturbances (reports of snoring and apnea) than those in the control group. The apnea/hypopnea index values were higher in patients with CVJMs than in the control group (13 +/- 15 compared with 3 +/- 6; p = 0.007) and the rate of central sleep apneas was higher in the CVJM than in the control group (22 +/- 30 compared with 4 +/- 8%; p = 0.009). The apnea/hypopnea index was highest in the subgroup with basilar invagination than in the other subgroups. The central apneic episodes were more frequent in the patients with basilar invagination (35 +/- 40%; p = 0.001) and in those with syringomyelia (17.6 +/- 24.6%; p = 0.003) than in the control group (4 +/- 8%). Patients with symptomatic CVJM, especially those with basilar invagination, presented with more sleep respiratory compromise than did those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome is significantly higher in patients with CVJM.     

Acoustical analysis of pediatric snoring: what can we learn?

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate a database of pediatric patients who underwent snoring acoustical analysis for associations between snoring measurements, demographics, and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A database of pediatric patients who underwent home testing with a polysomnogram device (SNAP Test, Glenview, IL) that includes acoustical snoring analysis was reviewed. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-six patients were included (mean age, 6.87 years). Four hundred twenty-nine (94.1%) patients had measurable snoring. Snoring index (events/hr) (r = 0.2073; P < 0.0001) and maximal loudness (dB) (r = 0.2218; P < 0.0001) were directly proportional to the apnea/hypopnea index. Among patients without OSAHS (apnea index <1), increasing snoring index (r = -0.2102; P < 0.0001) and volume (P < 0.005 ANOVA) were associated with increasing oximetry desaturation events. CONCLUSION: The majority of children evaluated had objective snoring. Increasing snoring index and loudness are associated with increased severity of OSAHS. In the absence of OSAHS, increasing snoring is associated with oxygen desaturations. SIGNIFICANCE: Pediatric snoring is objectively related to OSAHS severity.     

Reduction of C-reactive protein with surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has an impact on C-reactive protein (CRP) level. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 34 consecutive subjects undergoing surgical treatment for OSAHS. CRP levels were evaluated preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. The most commonly performed procedure was uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) combined with radiofrequency tongue base reduction. RESULTS: Seven patients were treated for mild OSAHS and 23 were treated for moderated/severe OSAHS; 18 of 23 patients with moderate/severe disease had relative elevation of preoperative CRP levels. Mean CRP level decreased from 0.33 mg/dL preoperatively to 0.16 mg/dL postoperatively (P=0.003). Even patients who did not achieve complete "cure" by classical polysomnography (PSG) criteria may benefit from lowered CRP levels. All patients, however did achieve reduction in apnea hypopnea index and improvement in clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of CRP were elevated preoperatively but decreased after surgical treatment. Therefore, OSAHS surgical treatment may be useful in reduction of CRP levels in patients who will not or cannot accept nasal-CPAP therapy.     

Combined uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and radiofrequency tongue base reduction for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compare the objective results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) combined with tongue base radiofrequency reduction (TBRF) with standard UPPP treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study of 277 patients who had stage I, II, or III OSAHS based on the Friedman staging system previously presented. METHODS: One hundred thirty-four patients who had treatment with UPPP only were used as a control group. This included 31 patients with stage I, 29 patients with stage II, and 74 patients with stage III OSAHS. An additional 143 patients with Stage II (n = 52) and III (n = 91) OSAHS were treated with combined UPPP and TBRF, initially and followed by additional TBRF treatments (up to 9000 J) as necessary. Subjective results were collected based on questionnaires and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score for the experimental group, but these subjective measures were not available for the control group. Objective results were compared based on the polysomnographic findings before and after surgery. RESULTS: Subjectively, the study group did extremely well. Based on objective measures of successful treatment, UPPP plus TBRF resulted in a significantly higher percentage of patients who were "cured" of OSAHS compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Stage I patients were usually successfully treated with UPPP only. However, patients allocated to stage II or III will benefit from the addition of TBRF to standard UPPP. Many UPPP-plus-TBRF patients in this study aborted further recommended TBRF treatments after subjective improvement and therefore objective results for this group, although improved in comparison to stage II and III patients treated with UPPP only, may not represent maximal potential improvement.     

软腭菱形切除缩短术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的 探讨一种治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的手术方法.方法 1998年1月至2006年8月共收治OSAHS患者12例,经软腭正中菱形切除部分软腭组织短缩软腭,扩大咽腔,保留悬雍垂.结果 术后随访6个月至5年,12例中显效9例,有效2例,无效的1例行舌部分切除术后治愈,均未见食物返流和语音改变等并发症.结论 软腭菱形切除缩短术可以有效治疗OSAHS,并且减少了并发症的发生.     

Sleep disorders and aortic dissection in a working population

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between acute aortic dissection (AAD) and sleep disorders in a working population. Seventy (50.4%) of 139 younger subjects with AAD suffered from sleep disorders. Insomnia was reported by 35 patients (50%), sleep deprivation by 31 patients (44.3%), and sleep apnea syndrome was present in 43 patients (61.4%). The average apnea–hypopnea index was 22.0 ± 7.5 points, requiring appropriate treatment. Most of these patients had irregular daily schedules due to job pressure. Sixty-six (94.3%) complained of severe mental and physical stress in daily life. Sleep disorders are considered one of the risk factors for the occurrence of AAD at younger active ages. In primary care for patients with mental or physical stress due to their daily life, it is important to assess these individuals for the presence of sleep disorders.     

Metabolic bariatric surgery as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: review of the literature and potential mechanisms

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is closely related to obesity and can cause multiple organs and systems damage. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is presently the only long-term effective treatment and an important strategy for severely obese population, which also provides a novel therapeutic for obese patients with OSAHS, especially in patients with poor continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) adherence. To date, the resolution mechanism of OSAHS in obese patients after MBS has not been fully clarified. In addition, there is no specific metabolic bariatric surgical treatment of OSAHS guidelines. Therefore, this review provides an update on the relationship between OSAHS and MBS for highlighting the importance of weight loss strategies for obese patients with OSAHS.     

Association Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in People With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study was designed as a cross-sectional and observational study. Patients who underwent polysomnography evaluation were classified as normal, mild, moderate, severe, or position-dependent OSAS, and OSAS?+?obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). BMD was measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method at the femur and lumbar spine. The chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay was used for the measurement of 25(OH) D levels. A total of 126 patients (73 males, 53 females) with a mean age of 48.55 ± 11.8 years were included. Body mass index was significantly higher in the OSAS?+?OHS group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of total BMD, T-scores and Z-scores of the lumbar spine, femural neck, and total femur (p > 0.05 for all). Post hoc analyses showed that OSAS?+?OHS subgroup had lower level of 25(OH) D compared to the normal subjects (p?=?0.006). Yet no significant difference was observed between the other OSAS groups. No significant correlation was observed between the apnea hypopnea index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, desaturation index, and BMD parameters (all for p > 0.05). While 25(OH) D levels were lower in OSAS?+?OHS patients, there was no statistically significant relationship between OSAS and BMD values.