腔内修复术与开腹手术治疗腹主动脉瘤围手术期疗效的Meta分析

目的：系统评价方法比较血管腔内修复术与开腹术手术治疗腹主动脉瘤（AAA）的围手术期疗效。方法：检索国内外文献数据库,收集血管腔内修复术与开腹术手术治疗AAA的随机对照试验,采用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入7个随机对照试验,8篇文献,共2 807例患者,其中行血管腔内修复术1?433例（腔内组）,开腹手术1 374例（开腹组）。Meta分析结果显示,腔内组较开腹组手术时间减少（SMD=-0.87,95% CI=-1.43--0.31,P=0.002）,术中输血量减少（SMD=-0.83,95% CI=-0.94--0.72,P<0.00001）,ICU监护时间缩短（MD=-38.11,95% CI=-48.61--27.61,P<0.00001）,术后住院时间缩短（MD=-5.11,95% CI=-6.26--3.95,P<0.00001）,术后30 d病死例数降低（OR=0.30,95% CI=0.16-0.55,P=0.0001）。结论：腔内修复治疗AAA较开腹手术具有创伤小、失血少、术后恢复快的优点,围手术期具有较大优势,但长期预后有待研究。

     

腹主动脉瘤术后死亡与严重并发症分析

目的:分析腹主动脉瘤(AAA)围手术期死亡与严重并发症的发生情况与防治策略。方法:回顾分析2009年1月—2014年12月中南大学湘雅医院143例接受手术治疗的AAA患者临床资料。结果:全组围手术期(术后30 d内)死亡6例(4.2%),发生严重并发症20例(14.0%)。腔内修复术患者术后病死率低于开腹手术患者,但差异未达统计学意义(1.3%vs.7.5%,P0.05);腔内修复术患者严重并发症发生率明显低于开腹手术患者(6.6%vs.22.4%,P0.05),术前合并冠心病的患者术后心血管并发症的发生率明显高于非冠心病患者(9.1%vs.0.9%,P0.05),而术前合并高血压术后心血管并发症的发生率无明显增加(4.8%vs.2.5%,P0.05);术前合并其他系统基础疾病的患者例数较少,未作相关统计分析。结论:腔内修复术在降低AAA围手术期病死率与严重并发症发生率方面较开放手术有明显优势;对于术前合并冠心病的患者应积极采取预防措施预防与防止术后心血管并发症的发生。     

开放手术和腔内隔绝治疗腹主动脉瘤的体会

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)手术切除和腔内隔绝的适应证及时机,比较两种治疗方法的围手术期情况。方法回顾性分析2005年8月至2010年3月在我科进行手术切除和腔内隔绝治疗33例AAA患者的临床资料,比较择期行手术切除和腔内隔绝的围手术期情况。结果 5例急诊手术患者中,1例术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡。27例择期手术患者中,开放手术组:1例术后第2天因急性广泛前壁心机梗死死亡,1例术后出现右下肢缺血症状,彩超显示右侧髂外动脉狭窄,药物治疗后症状消失;腔内隔绝组:2例术后1个月内出现臀部疼痛和行走困难。随访1~3个月,均未见异常。择期手术患者围手术期比较:手术时间、出血量、输血量、术后住院天数等方面,腔内隔绝组明显优于手术切除组;但住院费用方面,腔内隔绝组远高于手术切除组。结论腔内隔绝治疗AAA的创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效理想,适合高龄和不易耐受开放手术的患者,但费用较开放手术高。     

复杂性腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗:问题与对策

目的探讨人工覆膜支架腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗复杂性腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析35例接受EVAR治疗的复杂性AAA的患者资料。结果 35例均接受EVAR治疗,2例失败(1例入路血管严重狭窄,支架不能释放,2天后死亡;1例术中瘤体破裂,手术中断,术后1天死亡),手术成功率为94.29%(33/35)。6例术前瘤体已破裂,术后死亡2例。结论对于复杂性AAA,通过改良技术进行腔内治疗,能够取得良好疗效。     

X线辅助内镜置入支架联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌并梗阻的疗效分析

目的:探讨X线辅助内镜置入支架联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌并梗阻的临床价值。方法:选择2007年1月—2013年12月75例符合条件的降结肠及直肠癌并梗阻患者,其中37例行X线辅助腹腔镜联合肠镜治疗(联合组),38例行开腹手术加术中结肠灌洗治疗(传统组),比较两组患者的相关临床资料。结果:两组术前资料有可比性。联合组经肠镜置支架成功率89.19%(33/37),腹腔镜手术成功率93.94%(31/33),手术失败的6例患者排除出组。与传统组比较,联合组除治疗费用增加外(3.06万元vs.2.55万元),术中诊断息肉阳性率(35.48%vs.7.89%)、根治性切除率(83.9%vs.71.1%)、术中预防性回肠末端造口(6.45%vs.23.68%)、手术时间(175.45 min vs.202.24 min)、切口长度(4.88 cm vs.16.84 cm)、清扫淋巴结数(16.80枚vs.11.92枚)、围手术期总并发症及感染相关并发症发生率(16.13%vs.39.47%;6.45%vs.26.32%)、术后住院时间(7.36 d vs.11.05 d)、二期手术率(6.5%vs.28.9%)、术后3个月肠镜检查发现结直肠息肉阳性率(3.23%vs.23.68%)方面均有明显优势(均P0.05)。术后1、3、5年生存率两组差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:X线辅助腹腔镜联合肠镜治疗结直肠癌并梗阻安全、可行,且手术根治效果好,能有效降低二期手术率。     

特殊类型腹主动脉瘤的诊疗体会

目的 探讨特殊类型腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的诊疗方法 .方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的31例特殊类型AAA的临床资料.结果 31例特殊类型AAA中,破裂型AAA(ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysnm,RAAA)17例,炎症性AAA(inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms,IAAA)4例,感染性AAA(mycotic abdomianl aortic aneurysms,MAAA)3例,结核性AAA 2例,累及肾动脉平面以上的AAA 5例.1例AAA破裂患者于急诊室抢救无效死亡,另30例中,施行紧急手术治疗16例,择期手术治疗14例.施行人工血管置换27例,支架型人工血管腔内微创治疗3例.无瘫痪、下肢动脉栓塞等并发症发生.术中及术后30d病死率为6%(2例).支架型人工血管腔内治疗的3例无漏血、移位等并发症发生,均痊愈出院.28例随访3个月至3年,均存活良好.结论 特殊类型AAA应积极手术治疗,改进传统手术方法 在技巧方面有利于提高手术的成功率;腔内技术的应用为其救治提供了新的方法 .     

3D腹腔镜手术治疗胃底部间质瘤的临床疗效

目的:探讨3D腹腔镜手术治疗胃底部间质瘤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2014年1月—2015年6月间收治的36例胃底部间质瘤患者临床资料,其中18例行3D腹腔镜手术(3D腔镜组),18例行开腹手术(开放手术组),比较两组患者的围手术期指标,术后病理资料及复发转移情况。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、BMI、肿瘤大小等一般资料方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但3D腔镜组在术中出血量、手术切口长度、术后排气时间及住院天数等指标方面均明显优于开放手术组(均P0.05)。两组患者均未出现肿瘤破裂以及切缘阳性的情况,均未发生大出血、吻合口瘘、术后肠梗阻等严重并发症,术后病理及免疫组化特征均无明显差异(均P0.05)。所有患者随访12~36个月,无复发、转移及死亡病例。结论:应用3D腹腔镜技术治疗胃底部间质瘤,能明显减少患者的手术创伤,且远期疗效与开放手术相似。     

破裂性腹主动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨破裂性腹主动脉瘤急诊救治的治疗经验。方法回顾性研究2002年5月-2013年7月救治的36例破裂性腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中25例合并高血压病,21例合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病。33例采取急诊开腹主动脉人工血管置换术;3例采取主动脉覆膜支架腔内修复术,其中1例中转开腹手术治疗。结果术后33例存活,另外3例死亡,死亡原因包括1例失血性休克和心功能衰竭,1例术中心跳骤停,1例术后多器官功能衰竭,围手术期病死率为8．3％。术后随访3～61个月,未发生人工血管感染等手术相关并发症及死亡病例。结论积极的手术治疗是提高破裂性腹主动脉瘤患者救治成功率的关键,早期明确诊断,手术中快速有效控制近端瘤颈血流,完善围手术期治疗能有效降低病死率。     

腔镜全胃切除D2淋巴结清扫术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效

目的：探讨腹腔镜全胃切除D2淋巴结清扫术治疗进展期胃癌的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2005年1月—2011年12月126例行全胃切除D2淋巴结清扫术治疗进展期胃癌患者资料,其中59例行腔镜手术（腔镜组）,67行例行开腹手术（开腹组）,比较两组的临床疗效。 结果：两组手术时间、住院费用方面差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,但腔镜组的胃肠功能恢复时间、进食时间、术后住院天数、术中出血量、切口长度方面均优于开腹组（均P<0.05）。两组术后总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;腔镜组手术相关并发症发生率低于开腹组（P<0.05）。两组平均近、远切缘以及淋巴结清扫数目差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;两组术后1、3、5年生存率和无瘤生存率间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论：腹腔镜全胃切除D2淋巴结清扫术治疗进展期胃癌安全、有效。

     

30例腹主动脉瘤的外科诊疗结果分析

目的 交流腹主动脉瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法 对1991年2月至2002年7月我院外科治疗的30例肾下型腹主动脉瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 数字减影血管造影术诊断1例．MR1诊断2例。其余27例均经CT确诊。该30例中．腹主动脉瘤破裂6例．行急诊手术，死亡2例(死亡率33.3％)；24例未破裂者中．22例行腹主动脉瘤切除和原位人造血管移植术．术后死亡2例(死亡率9.1％)．另2例行腹主动脉瘤腔内人造血管移植术。结论 及早术前诊断．恰当地选择手术时机、手术方式及正确的围手术期处理是提高手术成功率，减少术后并发症和死亡率的关键。     

破裂型腹主动脉瘤开放手术围手术期并发症防治要点

破裂型腹主动脉瘤（rAAA）起病急、病情重、病死率高,目前开放手术依然是处理rAAA的基本术式。笔者从诊断、术中注意事项和术后治疗3个方面论述rAAA开放手术围手术期并发症防治措施,指出：rAAA并发症需防治并重,“防”之重点在于提高诊断效率,减少失血量,术中缩短阻断时间并维持血流动力学稳定;“治”之要点在于早期发现,明确病因,对因治疗,避免诱因,改善症状。

     

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??Diagnosis and treatment principle of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms JIANG Mi-er, LIU Xiao-bing. Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
Corresponding author??JIANG Mi-er??E-mail: jiangme2005@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is one of the major leading causes of sudden death in the world. Despite many advances in the field of vascular surgery, the improvement in prognosis of rAAA has been very modest. Although endovascular treatment of rAAA is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality markedly when compared to the open surgical approach, open rAAA repair remains the most common therapy for the devastating vascular emergency. It will focus on diagnosis and management for rAAA in either open or endovascular aneurysm repair with particular attention to developing a standardized multidisciplinary approach to deal with the technical challenges, including the availability of preoperative CT, the choice of anesthesia, use of aortic occlusion balloons, need for bifurcated vs. aorto-uniiliac stentgrafts, diagnosis and treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome, and endovascular treatment conversion to open surgical repair. The open and endovascular repairs play equally important roles in management of rAAA.     

A 12-year experience of endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in all patients

ObjectiveEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been increasingly performed for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs). However, multiple randomized trials have failed to demonstrate a survival benefit compared with open aortic surgery. During a 12-year period, 100% of patients without a history of aneurysm surgery had undergone EVAR for a rAAA at Örebro University Hospital, with no emergent open aortic surgery performed. In the present study, we evaluated the mortality and technical success during this “EVAR-only” period.MethodsA single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted. We identified all patients who had presented to Örebro University Hospital with a rAAA between October 2009 and September 2021. Patients with isolated iliac artery, thoracic, and thoracoabdominal aortic ruptures were not included. Patients who had received previous aortic interventions (open or endovascular) and patients who had received palliative treatment instead of surgical intervention were also excluded. The patient characteristics, perioperative and postoperative data, and mortality rate were investigated.ResultsEVAR had been performed in 100 patients. Preoperative hemodynamic instability had been present in 54 patients (54%), and 18 (18%) had undergone aortic balloon occlusion. The aneurysm location was infrarenal in 89 patients (89%). Bifurcated stent grafts had been used in 97 patients (97%), and adjunct endovascular techniques had been used for 27 patients (27%). Of 98 patients, EVAR had been performed with the patient under local anesthesia for 62 patients (63%). Peri- and postoperative complications at 30 days had occurred in 20 of 100 patients (20%) and 22 of 79 patients (28%), respectively. The overall mortality at 30 days was 27% (27 of 100 patients), and the mortality for those with an isolated infrarenal rAAA was 24% (21 of 89 patients). The overall mortality at 1 year was 39% (39 of 100 patients) and for those with an isolated infrarenal rAAA was 37% (33 of 89 patients). The presence of preoperative hemodynamic instability and the use of ABO were statistically significantly and independently associated with increased 30-day mortality on multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsAll 100 patients who had undergone surgery for a rAAA had been treated using EVAR and endovascular adjuncts, with a relatively low mortality rate, thus continuing the “EVAR-only” approach. A low proportion of rAAA patients were considered surgically unsuitable. These findings support the applicability of EVAR for the treatment of all rAAAs at suitable centers.     

Ruptured AAA: open surgical management

Ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm (rAAA) is the 13th leading cause of death in the United States. Despite many advances in the field of vascular surgery, the improvement in mortality rates of rAAA have been very modest. Although endovascular repair has surpassed open repair for elective AAA repair in the United States, open rAAA repair remains the most common therapy for this devastating vascular emergency. In this article, we discuss open surgical management for rAAA. We also describe a fast-track algorithm we have developed at the University of Massachusetts where open and endovascular repairs play equally important roles in management of rAAA.     

腹主动脉瘤术中不同髂内动脉处理的疗效观察

目的：探讨腹主动脉瘤（AAA）术中结扎或是封闭髂内动脉（IIA）对患者疗效的影响。 方法：回顾性分析2010年6月—2014年6月中南大学湘雅医院手术治疗的108例AAA患者临床资料,其中腔内修复61例,开放手术44例,杂交手术3例。44例开放手术中结扎双侧IIA 7例,结扎单侧IIA 8例;61例腔内修复术中封闭双侧IIA 3例,封闭单侧IIA 5例。 结果：无术中死亡,围手术期30 d内有6例死亡均与处理IIA无关。开放手术结扎或腔内修复封闭双侧IIA的10例患者中,1例（1/10）出现直肠缺血症状,经过抗凝和扩血管治疗1个月后症状缓解;2例（2/10）出现术后一过性的臀肌疼痛,保守治疗后症状消失;均未出现间歇性跛行。开放手术结扎或是腔内修复封闭单侧IIA的13例患者中均未出现直肠缺血,臀肌疼痛或是间歇性跛行。 结论：AAA患者术中结扎或是封闭单侧IIA对患者术后状况无明显影响;结扎或是封闭双侧IIA可能出现直肠缺血或是臀肌疼痛等盆腔缺血的表现,但可经保守治疗缓解。     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians: myth or reality?

AIM: We studied the thirty-day mortality and morbidity rate to assess the value of conventional open repair vs endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in an elderly population presenting with a ruptured, symptomatic or asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) undergoing emergency, urgent or elective repair. METHODS: During the period from January 2004 to May 2007, 329 consecutive patients were treated for AAA in our Department. Among these, 81 (24.6%) were aged >80 years (mean age 83.6, range 80-95 years). These older patients were divided into groups according to their clinical presentation: ruptured AAA group (rAAA) - 22 cases (4 emergency EVAR, 18 emergency open repair); symptomatic non-ruptured AAA group (sAAA) - 15 cases (11 urgent EVAR, 4 urgent open repair); asymptomatic AAA group (asAAA) - 44 cases (32 elective EVAR, 12 elective open repair). The main outcome measures were 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity rate. RESULTS: The mortality rate following open surgery vs EVAR was 66.6% vs 50% (P=NS) in the rAAA group, 25% vs 0% (P=NS) in the sAAA group, and 9% vs 3.2% (P=NS) in the asAAA group. When comparing postoperative morbidities in the octogenarians, 3 of the patients that received EVAR (6.4%) and 15 of those that received open repair (48.4%) had a severe complication (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The introduction of EVAR has considerably changed the balance of risks and benefits for AAA treatment. Our study confirms the high mortality rate for octogenarians with rAAA and haemodynamic instability, and supports the value of an active EVAR approach for octogenarians with AAA to prevent rupture. Moreover, the introduction of endovascular techniques as part of an overall treatment algorithm for ruptured AAAs appears to be potentially associated with improved outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity as compared to open surgical repairs alone.     

The Nomenclature of the Veins of the Lower Limbs,Based on their Planar Anatomy and Fascial Relationships

Objectives: Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (eEVAR) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) is still under investigation. Since installation of an urgent eEVAR kit in our hospital, all patients with a rAAA or urgent thoracic aortic aneurysm are candidates for eEVAR or eTEVAR (emergency thoracic evar), respectively. For this study, we analyzed all rAAA patients treated with eEVAR.

Methods: Data were recorded prospectively. Criteria for an eEVAR were an infrarenal neck > 15mm, acceptable landing zone, angles below 70° and a good femoral approach. We prefer preoperative angio CT-scan but in case of instability, an intra-aortic balloon can stabilize the patient during angiography (in the OR) to decide between open or eEVAR repair. Follow-up was performed on regular intervals by duplex or CT-scan. Thirty-day mortality and overall survival were calculated.

Results: Since 2006, nine male rAAA patients with a mean age of 73 years (range: 62–82) had eEVAR repair. Aneurysm diameter was 8 cm (range: 5.8–11). The Hardman index was 1.5 (range: 0–3). In eight patients an aorto-uni-iliac device was placed succesfully followed by a femorofemoral crossover bypass. The 30-day operative mortality was 12.5% (one patient with septic shock). Three patients showed a type 2 endoleak with stable diameter during follow-up but one patient showed expansion 4 years after treatment.

Conclusions: Treating rAAA with eEVAR in selected patients with acceptable anatomy and a kit permanently available in the operating room yielded good results by a surgical team trained for both open and eEVAR repair. The conversion rate was low (11%) and the survival (immediate and 30-days) was excellent (87.5%).     

Ruptured abdominal aorto-iliac aneurysms: Diagnosis,treatment, abdominal compartment syndrome,and role of simulation-based training

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA), with or without iliac involvement, are a life-threatening scenario with high mortality even after surgical therapy. Several factors have contributed to improving perioperative outcomes in recent years, including the progressive use of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and intraoperative balloon occlusion of the aorta, a dedicated treatment algorithm with centralization of care to high-volume centres, and optimized perioperative management protocols. Nowadays, EVAR is applicable in the majority of scenarios even in the emergency setting. Among the factors that influence the postoperative course of rAAA patients, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare but life-threatening complication. As its early clinical diagnosis is often missed but crucial to initiate an emergent surgical decompression therapy, dedicated surveillance protocols and transvesical measurement of the intraabdominal pressure are key for prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment of ACS. Further improvement of rAAA patients’ outcome may be achieved by the implementation of simulation-based training (of both technical and non-technical skills for surgeons as well as all involved healthcare personnel in multidisciplinary teams) and by transfer of all rAAA patients to specialized vascular centres with advanced experience and high caseload.