低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术与传统扁桃体剥离术疗效的比较

目的:比较分析低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术与传统扁桃体剥离术的疗效。方法:将64例慢性扁桃体炎患者随机分为传统扁桃体剥离术(传统手术组)和低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术(等离子手术组)2组。传统手术组39例采用传统扁桃体剥离术治疗,等离子手术组25例采用低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术治疗。分析2组手术方式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间、术后出血发生概率上有无差异。结果:传统手术组与等离子手术组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术后出血发生概率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低温等离子刀扁桃体切除术较传统扁桃体剥离术手术时间短,术中出血少,术后疼痛轻,恢复快,安全性高。     

Clearance of recalcitrant psoriasis after tonsillectomy

Infection is a well-recognized triggering factor for both guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis. We investigated prospectively 13 patients with recalcitrant psoriasis exacerbated by recurrent tonsillitis, who underwent tonsillectomy between 1990 and 1993. There were 12 female patients and one male, with a mean age of 17 yr (range 6–28). Six patients had guttate psoriasis resistant to standard treatments and seven patients had chronic plaque psoriasis exacerbated by tonsillitis that was severe enough to warrant at least one admission to hospital. Patients were followed by chart review and postal questionnaire. Psoriasis was cleared completely after tonsillectomy in five out of the six patients (83%) with guttate psoriasis and was improved in one patient. Two out of seven patients with plaque psoriasis (29%) were cleared, two (29%) were improved and three (42%) were unchanged. We conclude that tonsillectomy may be a successful treatment modality in selected patients with recalcitrant guttate or chronic plaque psoriasis.     

扁桃体剥离术与电切术的临床分析

慢性扁桃体炎是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见病,在各个年龄层次的人群中均属高发,对于频繁发作的慢性扁桃体炎,扁桃体切除术是主要的治疗方法。现在常用的手术方式为传统的扁桃体剥离术（剥离术）和单极电刀扁桃体切除术（电切术）。选择我科于2010—01-2013-01期间收治的180例慢性扁桃体炎患者,分别采用剥离术和电切术,比较2种术式术中、术后的不同,现报道如下。     

Efficacy of tonsillectomy in treatment of recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether children with tonsillectomies experienced fewer recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections after surgery compared with children who did not receive tonsillectomies. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 290 children 4 to <16 years who experienced three or more episodes of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis at least 1 month apart in 12 months. RESULTS: Children without tonsillectomy were 3.1 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.9; P < .001) more likely to develop a subsequent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis infection during follow up than children who underwent tonsillectomy after adjusting for the number of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis infections per patient within the previous year and the presence of preexisting conditions. Among the children who developed a subsequent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis infection, the children without a tonsillectomy developed a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngeal infection sooner (median, 0.6 vs. 1.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: Tonsillectomy is associated with a decrease in the number of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis infections in children with a history of recurrent groups A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis infection. Tonsillectomy also increased the amount of time before development of further GABHS pharyngitis.     

The effect of recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillectomy on growth in childhood

The aim of this study was to determine if children with recurrent tonsillitis are smaller than expected before tonsillectomy and if they have an altered height or weight gain 1 year post-operatively. All (204) children attending the hospital for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy had their height and weight measured pre-operatively and 1 year after operation. The results of 2204 children in local schools were used as a control population. Analysis was by comparison of each population with the Tanner charts. This study suggests that our population of children listed for tonsillectomy were not lighter or smaller than expected before operation but that one year after tonsillectomy, there was an increase in their weight gain. The height gain was no different than expected after operation. Overweight seems to be a medium term complication of tonsillectomy. It may be necessary to redefine the indications for tonsillectomy in children who are already obese.     

Multiparametric comparison of cold knife tonsillectomy, radiofrequency excision and thermal welding tonsillectomy in children

OBJECTIVE: This is a prospective study evaluating certain intraoperative and postoperative parameters, comparing the relatively new technique of thermal welding tonsillectomy with cold knife tonsillectomy, and radiofrequency excision in pediatric population. METHODS: Ninety children aged from 5 through 13 years were enrolled a randomized prospective trial comparing cold knife tonsillectomy, radiofrequency excision, and thermal welding tonsillectomy. Indications included recurrent acute tonsillitis and/or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. All techniques were compared by means of length of surgery time, blood loss, postoperative bleeding and postoperative pain. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients underwent tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea, whereas 22 children underwent tonsillectomy due to recurrent acute tonsillitis. Median values of all variables tested, length of surgery time, blood loss, postoperative bleeding and postoperative pain, were found to differ significantly among the three surgical techniques (P<0.001). Particularly, a statistically significant higher median duration (P<0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (P<0.001), as well as, a statistically significant lower median pain score in each day tested (P<0.001) of the cold knife group, compared to each one of the other two groups, were found. Tissue welding and radiofrequency groups did not differ significantly in any aspect tested. CONCLUSIONS: Both thermal welding and radiofrequency excision techniques have shown comparable results regarding intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hemorrhage, and pain. Compared with cold knife tonsillectomy, welding and radiofrequency excision techniques were associated with less intraoperative blood loss and duration, though cold knife tonsillectomy seems to prevail over the two techniques in terms of the postoperative pain.     

Age-related tonsillar regrowth in children undergoing powered intracapsular tonsillectomy

Objectives

To review our experience with intracapsular tonsillectomy using powered instrumentation (PIT) in the management of tonsillar hypertrophy.

Design

Retrospective database review of pediatric patients undergoing PIT.

Methods

The medical records of 636 patients under 11 years of age who underwent PIT performed by the senior author (RFW), predominantly for obstructive sleep disturbance, were reviewed. Data were subsequently analyzed from 559 of these patients for clinical evidence of tonsillar regrowth, post-operative tonsillar hemorrhage, and post-operative dehydration due to pain. Specific information for possible correlation of age at the time of surgery and any increased rate of regrowth was primarily examined.

Results

There were a total of 33 patients who had clinical evidence of regrowth. Children less than 5 years of age had 5 times the incidence of regrowth (p < 0.001). Out of the group that exhibited regrowth, 5 patients exhibited evidence of recurrent upper airway obstruction and underwent a complete tonsillectomy. The age of this complete tonsillectomy group ranged from 1.1 to 2.7 years. Out of all patients undergoing PIT, there was 1 incident of delayed post-operative dehydration due to emesis but not due to pain. There were 2 incidents of delayed post-operative tonsillar bleeds. All three complications were self-limited and did not require re-hospitalization.

Conclusions

PIT is a safe procedure with a small risk of tonsillar regrowth being age related. The incidence of postoperative complications following PIT is relatively low (0.54%).     

低温等离子刀辅助内镜下儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术临床效果分析

目的:比较低温等离子刀辅助内镜下切除儿童扁桃体和腺样体(rT+A)和传统剥离法切除扁桃体、刮匙法刮除腺样体(cT+A)的手术效果差异.方法:47例扁桃体肥大伴腺样体肥大的患儿,其中24例采用rT+A术式,23例采用cT+A术式,采用t检验比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间和假膜脱落时间的差异.随访患儿手术前后听...     

Identification of hypoxaemia in children having tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy*

A series of children having tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was investigated for hypoxaemia during sleep and to assess the value of signs and symptoms as predictors of hypoxaemia. Forty-four children were studied the night before surgery. Oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was measured whilst the child was awake using a pulse oximeter and when the child was asleep oxygen saturation, ECG and chest impedance were continuously monitored and recorded. In addition, 20 control children having urological surgery were studied in the same way. All the measures of hypoxaemia (awake SaO₂, baseline asleep SaO₂, number of hypoxaemic episodes) differed significantly between patients and controls (P < 0.01). When significant hypoxaemia was defined as a baseline sleeping SaO₂ below 90% or one dip in SaO₂ of at least 10% below the baseline per hour 15 children were found to have abnormal studies. These children could not be identified from history or clinical examination but using the criteria of mouth breathing, audible respiration at rest and an awake SaO₂ of less than 96%, 14 of the 15 children were accurately identified (93% sensitivity, 86% specificity). Thus a combination of the physical signs of mouth breathing and measurement of oxygen saturation whilst awake may provide a useful clinic screening test for children suspected of suffering from sleep apnoea.     

低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术在儿童手术中的对比研究

目的：比较低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术对患儿术中、术后的影响。方法：92例患儿,随机分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70T＆A刀头,能量设置为7,消融扁桃体;对照组则采用常规扁桃体剥离术,分别记录2种方法所需时间和出血量;使用Wong—Baker FACES疼痛评分表记录术后第1天至第10天患儿每日咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常饮食和正常活动时间;记录术后并发症。结果：等离子组手术时间比对照组短（分别为10．2min和36．5min,P〈0．01）,等离子组术中平均出血量为（6．83±3．36）ml,而对照组为（30．07±7．04）ml;等离子组患儿术后第1、2、3天疼痛轻于对照组,第4～10天两组差异无统计学意义;等离子组比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,但恢复正常活动时间相似。对照组有1例患儿于术后第6天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论：低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术相比,手术时间缩短,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,恢复正常饮食时间早,术后前3天疼痛较轻。     

The effect of parental smoking on outcome after treatment for glue ear in children

A sample of 201 children aged between 2 and 9 years with bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) were treated prospectively and at random by adenoidectomy, adenotonsillectomy, or with neither procedure. In all cases only a unilateral grommet was inserted and the contralateral unoperated ear was examined one year post-operatively for persistence or resolution of the effusion. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by the parents concerning their smoking habits. The resolution of effusion following surgery was assessed in relation to smoking by the mother and father separately and in combination. Clearance of glue was statistically less frequent where the child's mother or where both parents smoked. This was related to the number of cigarettes smoked by the mother or both parents. The adverse effect was demonstrable whether or not adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy had been performed for treatment. The findings lend further support to professional and governmental opinions of a deleterious effect of passive smoke exposure on children and in this case parental smoking has been shown to have an adverse effect on the outcome of OME following surgical treatment.     

A study of serum IgA levels in children undergoing tonsillectomy

Earlier work has suggested that up to 25% of children undergoing tonsillectomy because of recurrent sore throats are relatively deficient in IgA immunoglobulin and that they do less well after the operation than ‘normal’ children. Measurements of serum immunoglobulin levels were carried out in 96 children undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent sore throats. Levels of IgA, IgM and IgG were found to be similar to those in healthy children, 7.29% of those studied had ‘low’ IgA serum levels. There was significant relationship between serum IgA levels and the age of the child. No relationship could be established between IgA levels and pre- or postoperative clinical state of the children. Low IgA serum levels are probably the result of delayed immunological maturation rather than a true immunodeficient state. IgA estimations, therefore, have no bearing on selection for operation or the prognosis after opertion.     

Consent for tonsillectomy

Rulings in recent negligence cases reveal a shift towards what the ‘reasonable patient’ would expect in deciding the risks doctors must disclose to patients. This survey aimed to investigate whether the ‘reasonable patient’ and ‘responsible body of medical opinion’ agree about which risks should be discussed regarding tonsillectomy. Using questionnaires, surgeons were asked which of the 10 complications they routinely discussed and patients were asked how seriously they regarded these complications. The results were compared with the Test of Proportions. Most surgeons routinely mentioned otalgia, odynophagia, throat infection and re‐operation. Most patients regarded potentially fatal bleeding, pneumonia and blood transfusion as very serious but only the minority of surgeons mentioned these (P < 0.001). When obtaining consent for tonsillectomy, surgeons do not routinely mention all the risks that the ‘reasonable patient’ would expect. The ‘reasonable patient’ would expect that re‐operation, transfusion, pneumonia and fatal blood loss are discussed.     

The relation between tonsillectomy and snoring

The aim of this study was to determine the relation between snoring and tonsillectomy. The grossly enlarged tonsils of a heavily snoring child or adult with upper airway obstruction is usually sufficient indication for tonsillectomy. The authors wondered if tonsillectomy could affect snoring, no matter what the age and the indication for surgery. One thousand people took part in this study: a random sample of patients, aged between 2 and 89 years of age, and those accompanying them in the ENT outpatients. The prevalence of snoring was 12.5–48%, mainly in men. The degree of snoring was graded from non-snorers to mild, moderate and severe snorers. In 19.8% of the sample tonsillectomy had already been performed, usually in childhood. The authors conclude that tonsillectomy does not reduce the likelihood of becoming a snorer.