喉神经监测技术在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症手术中的应用

探讨喉神经监测技术在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（SHPT）手术中的应用价值。回顾性分析2017年2月至2021年6月230例SHPT手术患者,分为IONM组（使用神经监测仪）113例与对照组（未使用神经监测仪）117例,比较两组患者术中喉返神经（RLN）和喉上神经外支（EBSLN）损伤情况、EBSLN识别率、手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院总费用、嗓音障碍指数-10(VHI-10)评分情况差异。结果显示,对照组和IONM组暂时性EBSLN损伤、EBSLN识别率、手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院总费用,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;、永久性EBSLN损伤、暂时性RLN损伤、永久性RLN损伤、术后6月VHI-10评分,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结果表明喉神经监测技术在SHPT术中可以快速识别定位喉神经,减少喉神经损伤,节省手术时间,减少术中出血,提高手术安全性,加快术后恢复。     

高风险甲状腺手术中神经监测对喉返神经保护的研究现状与进展

高风险甲状腺手术是指喉返神经(RLN)损伤率高的多种甲状腺手术总称。主要包括再次甲状腺手术、甲状腺癌根治性手术等类型。术中神经监测(IONM)作为神经保护的一种辅助技术,对RLN的识别率高,有利于鉴别RLN与非神经组织,并能有效验证RLN功能的完整性,弥补了显露RLN技术的局限,降低了RLN损伤风险。IONM的费用较高,但与显露RLN技术相比,在高风险甲状腺手术中应用仍具有很高的成本效益。     

术中神经监测信号异常在判断甲状腺癌手术喉返神经损伤类型与转归中的作用研究

目的 探讨术中神经监测（IONM）信号异常在判断甲状腺癌手术喉返神经（RLN）损伤的类型与转归中的作用。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科确诊行甲状腺癌根治术并应用IONM的705例甲状腺癌病人临床资料。根据IONM结果、手术记录、术后症状，以及喉镜检查结果，分析IONM信号异常原因、RLN损伤及类型，研究IONM信号异常在判断RLN损伤的类型与转归中的作用。结果 705例病人中，63例（8.9%）IONM信号异常，包括RLN真性损伤42例（5.9%），短暂性损伤11例（1.6%），假损伤10例（1.4%）。与RLN短暂性损伤和假损伤相比，肿瘤侵犯或粘连（21.4%,9/42）是RLN真性损伤的重要原因（P <0.05），后者均出现术后喉镜结果异常，64.3%出现术后声音嘶哑或饮水呛咳症状。此外，RLN显性损伤9例（1.3%）,RLN非显性损伤44例（6.2%）。RLN显性损伤均为真性损伤；非显性损伤者中，33例为真性损伤（4.6%）、11例为短暂性损伤（1.6%）。此外，IONM一过性信号异常占RLN真性损伤者21.4%，短暂性...     

甲状腺腺叶切除术中显露喉返神经的方法和价值

目的分析甲状腺腺叶切除术中显露喉返神经(RLN)的方法和价值。方法随机将126例接受甲状腺腺叶切除术的患者分为2组,每组63例。对照组术中不显露RLN,观察组术中显露RLN,比较2组手术相关指标及RLN损伤情况。结果 2组手术时间、术中出血量、皮瓣面积、术后首日引流量、住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组均未发生永久性RLN损伤,观察组暂时性RLN损伤率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲状腺腺叶切除术中显露RLN,可降低RLN损伤率,而且未明显增加手术创伤。     

甲状腺再次手术中喉返神经实时监测与常规显露临床对比研究

目的 比较甲状腺再次手术中喉返神经实时监测与常规显露的差异,探讨术中喉返神经监测在甲状腺再次手术中应用的临床价值。 方法 回顾性分析2014年5月至2016年5月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院甲状腺乳腺外科接受甲状腺再次手术118例病人资料。其中应用术中喉返神经监测联合肉眼识别保护且术前电子喉镜检查正常者45例（神经监测组）,采用随机数表法,按照1：1对照原则,选取常规显露保护喉返神经且术前电子喉镜检查正常者45例为对照组（常规显露组）。比较分析两组病人在喉返神经识别率、确认识别时间、术后暂时性喉返神经损伤、永久性喉返神经损伤、术中出血量以及术后引流量的差异。 结果 应用喉返神经常规显露肉眼识别保护法,喉返神经顺利识别39例（86.7%）,确认识别时间为（3.4±0.9）min;余6例（13.3%）常规显露未顺利识别喉返神经,经术中细致解剖确认喉返神经时间延长至（16.5±3.2）min,应用神经监测联合肉眼识别保护,喉返神经识别率为100%,确认识别时间为（2.2±0.8）min;暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤率在神经监测组较常规显露组低,分别为6.7% vs. 22.2%（P<0.05）,0 vs. 2.2%（P>0.05）;神经监测组术中出血量及术后引流量较常规显露组少,分别为（12.2±2.9）mL vs.（13.1±1.8）mL（P>0.05）,（40.6±2.8）mL vs.（50.8±3.2）mL（P<0.05）。结论 甲状腺再次手术中,术中喉返神经监测较常规显露能加快完成喉返神经的确认识别,提高喉返神经的识别率,有效降低暂时性喉返神经损伤率,并且减少术后引流量,有利于术后恢复,在喉返神经周围危险区操作时,连续实时监测发现肌电信号振幅的危险改变,增加手术安全性。     

甲状腺手术中解剖显露喉返神经预防喉返神经损伤效果观察

目的探讨甲状腺手术中解剖显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的价值。方法选择152例接受甲状腺手术的患者为观察对象,根据术中是否解剖显露RLN分为2组,每组76例。观察组术中显露RLN,对照组术中不予显露RLN。随访3~6个月,观察比较2组患者的RLN损伤率。结果观察组患者暂时性RLN损伤率为1.32%、,对照组为2.63%;观察组患者永久性RLN损伤率为4.69%,对照组为10.94%,2组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论熟悉喉返神经的解剖,术中精细解剖显露出RLN并直视下予以保护,可有效降低永久性RLN的损伤率。     

术中神经监测在全腔镜甲状腺手术中的应用

目的探讨在全腔镜甲状腺手术(total endoscopic thyroidectomy,TET)中应用术中神经监测(intraoperative neuromonitoring,IONM)技术的可行性和临床价值。方法接受TET病人122例,根据是否使用IONM分为IONM组和无IONM组。比较两组病人的手术时间、腺叶全切比例、喉返神经(recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN)辨识率以及RLN相关并发症等指标。结果 IONM组腺叶全切比例为28.9%,无IONM组为6.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术时间分别为(118.7±27.8)分钟和(108.7±28.0)分钟,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);随访期间两组均未出现永久性RLN功能障碍。结论 TET术中应用INOM简单可行,有助于RLN的定位和保护。     

高风险甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经效果分析

目的探讨高风险甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经(RLN)的效果。方法将38例高风险甲状腺手术分为显露组(25例)与非显露组(13例),比较2组RLN损伤率。结果显露组与非显露组暂时性RLN损伤率分别为2.63%、10.94%;永久性RLN损伤率分别为1.32%、4.69%。2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高风险甲状腺手术术中显露RLN可以有效降低RLN损伤率。     

喉返神经监测技术在分化型甲状腺癌中央区淋巴结清扫术中的临床应用

目的探讨在分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）中央区（Ⅵ区）淋巴结清扫术中喉返神经监测技术（IONM）的应用价值。 方法100例DTC患者分为应用IONM手术观察组（观察组）和不应用IONM手术对照组（对照组）各50例,比较两组手术相关指标的统计学差异。 结果（1）观察组探查暴露喉返神经（RLN）的时间、中央区淋巴结清扫手术时间平均分别为（7.5±3.3）min、（15.2±4.8）min,对照组分别为（14.0±4.2）min、（21.6±6.1）min,两组差异均有统计学意义（t=9.134 5、5.830 2,P=0.000 0、0.000 0）。（2）观察组暂时性RLN损伤发生率为2.0%（1/50）,未发生永久性RLN损伤。对照组暂时性RLN损伤发生率为6.0%（3/50）,永久性RLN损伤发生率为2.0%（1/50）,但差异无统计学意义。 结论DTC患者中央区淋巴结清扫术中应用IONM可快速缩短探查暴露RLN的时间和有效保护RLN,还可能在一定程度上降低手术过程中RLN损伤的发生风险。但是任何仪器都不能改变手术操作本身是一项高风险技术的本质,该项技术可作为手术得力助手。     

应用术中神经监测技术评估中央组淋巴结清扫前后对喉返神经功能的影响

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid cancer,PTC)患者是否应常规行中央组淋巴结清扫术(central lymph node dissection,CLND)。方法检索国内外相关文献,综述CLND的必要性及CLND过程中的喉返神经(recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN)损伤风险,分析术中神经监测(intraoperative nerve monitoring,IONM)在CLND中的应用价值。结果 1常规行CLND可降低复发率、提高生存率、降低二次手术难度以及精确分期;2 CLND增加RLN损伤风险;3应用IONM可降低RLN损伤率。结论 IONM下常规行CLND既能有效降低外科医生,尤其是低年资外科医生CLND中RLN损伤风险,又可提高患者生存质量、改善预后,这种结合必将推进甲状腺癌患者常规CLND治疗手段的实施。     

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??A clinical comparative study of real-time recurrent laryngeal nerve moniroring versus conventional exposure during reoperation of thyroid gland LIU Kun-peng, DAI Wen-jie. Department of Thyroid-breast-cell-transplantation Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001,China
Corresponding author??DAI Wen-jie??E-mail??davidhmu@163.com
Abstract Objective To compare the difference between real-time recurrent laryngeal nerve??RLN?? monitoring and routine exposure, and investigate the clinical value of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring (IONM) during reoperative thyroid surgery. Methods The clinical data of 118 patients underwent a reoperation for thyroid in Department of Thyroid-breast-cell-transplantation Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May 2014 to May 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 45 patients with normal preoperative laryngoscope result who were reoperated with IONM combined with the naked eye recognition and protection—the nerve monitoring group. The 45 patients with normal preoperative laryngoscope result who were reoperated by using the method of exposing RLN routinely were selected as the control group—routine exposure group via the random number table method and the principle of 1??1. Recognition rate of RLN, confirming the identification time, transient RLN injury, permanent RLN injury, intraoperative blood loss and the amount of postoperative drainage were compared and analyzed. Results In routine exposure group, RLN was identificated successfully in 39 patients, and the confirmation time is (3.4±0.9) min. The remaining 6 patients (13.3%) had not successfully identified the RLN. Through careful dissection during the operation, confirmation time of RLN was prolonged to (16.5±3.2) min. Through the application of the neural monitoring combined with naked eye recognition, the recognition rate of RLN was 100%, and confirmation time was (2.2±0.8) min. Temporary and permanent RLN injury rate in the nerve monitoring group was lower than that in the conventional exposure group??6.7% vs. 22.2% (P<0.05), 0 vs. 2.2% (P>0.05). Intraoperative blood loss and the amount of postoperative drainage in the nerve monitoring group were less than those in the routine exposure group????12.2±2.9??mL vs.??13.1±1.8??mL??P>0.05??,??40.6±2.8??mL vs.??50.8±3.2??mL??P<0.05??. Conclusion Compared with the conventional exposure, IONM can speed up the recognition of RLN during reoperation of thyroid gland, improve the recognition rate of RLN??reduce the rate of RLN injury and the amount of postoperative drainage. When the dangerous area of RLN is operated??changes in the amplitude of EMG signals can be found by continuous real-time monitoring to ensure the safety of the operation.     

Thyroid Surgery and the Usefulness of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring,a Single Center Study

Purpose/Aim of study: To compare the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) versus visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) alone in thyroid surgery with regard to incidence in postoperative RLN injury and operation time. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in the Amphia Hospital, the Netherlands. All thyroid gland operations were collected from September 2009 to October 2012. For each case we recorded the patient characteristics, indication for surgery, intraoperative data, complications, results of pathological evaluation, and consultation of a ENT-surgeon. Research of current literature and statistical analysis was performed. Results: In total, 147 patients were included and classified into an IONM and non-IONM group. Both groups were similar in demographical aspects and indications for surgery. In total, we had 170 nerves at risk (NAR). In both groups, there were 85 (50%) NAR. Overall injury to the RLN was 6%. A statistical significant decrease of permanent RLN injuries was noticed in the IONM group compared to the non-IONM group (n = 0 vs n = 6; p = .044). In transient RLN injury, no difference was noticed (n = 2 vs n = 2). Operation time with or without IONM was not significantly different for hemithyroidectomies, neither for total thyroidectomies. Conclusion: IONM is a useful tool as an adjunct in thyroid surgery to prevent RLN injury. A statistical significant decrease in permanent RLN injury with the use of IONM was found, but it did not significantly decrease time of operation.     

显露喉返神经在非神经监测与神经监测下单侧甲状腺手术中的临床分析

目的 探讨显露喉返神经在非神经监测与神经监测下单侧甲状腺手术中的临床效果分析.方法 回顾性分析南方医科大学顺德医院2019年1月至2020年11月66例单侧甲状腺手术患者临床资料,根据是否应用喉返神经监测技术分为非神经监测组和神经监测组,每组各33例.非神经监测组钝性分离直接显露喉返神经,神经监测组在神经监测提示下逐步...     

纳米碳示踪剂在甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中的应用

目的探讨纳米碳淋巴示踪剂在甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫术中的应用价值。方法自2015年1月至2016年7月收治的40例单侧甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者被随机纳入对照组(20例)和纳米碳组(20例)。纳米碳组在患侧腺叶切除前给予纳米碳标记,手术均按患侧腺叶+峡部切除+患侧中央区淋巴结清扫术进行,由同一手术组医生完成。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流液量,统计中央区淋巴结获取数目,误切甲状旁腺例数,术后低血钙发生率,喉返神经损伤率。计量资料采用(x珋±s)表示,采取t检验;术后并发症发生率采用百分率表示,结果采取χ2检验,数据分析采用SPSS 19.0软件。当P0.05时认为结果具有统计学差异。结果在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流液量方面,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。纳米碳组术后中央区淋巴结获取数目显著多于对照组[(8±1.5)枚比(4±0.9)枚],P0.05;误切甲状旁腺对照组5例(25%),纳米碳0例(0)。两组均无永久性喉返神经损伤及低钙血症发生,一过性低钙血症对照组3例(15%),纳米碳组0例(0)(P0.05)。结论通过纳米碳混悬液进行术中淋巴结染色,可以显著增加中央区淋巴结清扫数目,并有助于辨认和保护甲状旁腺,降低淋巴结清扫可能带来的甲状旁腺误切除和术后低血钙发生。     

Intraoperative nerve monitoring is associated with a lower risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: A national analysis of 17,610 patients

BackgroundBased on current evidence, the benefit of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery is equivocal.MethodsAll patients who underwent planned thyroid surgery in the 2016–2018 ACS NSQIP procedure-targeted thyroidectomy dataset were included. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the association between nerve monitoring and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury while adjusting for patient demographics, extent of surgery, and perioperative variables.ResultsIn total, 17,610 patients met inclusion criteria: 77.8% were female, and the median age was 52 years. IONM was used in 63.9% of cases. Of the entire cohort, 6.1% experienced RLN injury. Cases with IONM use had a lower rate of RLN injury compared to those that did not use IONM (5.7% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.0001). After adjustment, IONM was associated with reduced risk of RLN injury (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59–0.82, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsNationally, IONM is used in nearly two thirds of thyroid surgeries. IONM is associated with a lower risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.     

术中神经监测技术在甲状腺手术中的应用与进展

喉返神经损伤是甲状腺手术较常见及最严重的并发症,尤其在复杂甲状腺手术及再次甲状腺手术中,因解剖层次不清、喉返神经解剖变异等所导致的喉返神经损伤机会加大。术中神经监测(IONM)是应用电生理技术监测术中神经功能完整性的一种技术,近年来研究显示,甲状腺手术中喉返神经IONM较常规暴露喉返神经能明显降低暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤率。笔者就有关喉返神经IONM在甲状腺手术中的应用与进展进行综述。     

Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Can Reduce Prevalence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroid Reoperations: Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study

Background

The prevalence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is higher in repeat than in primary thyroid operations. The use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) as an aid in dissection of the scar tissue is believed to minimize the risk of nerve injury. The aim of this study was to examine whether the use of IONM in thyroid reoperations can reduce the prevalence of RLN injury.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent thyroid reoperations with IONM versus with RLN visualization, but without IONM. The database of thyroid surgery was searched for eligible patients (treated in the years 1993–2012). The primary outcomes were transient and permanent RLN injury. Laryngoscopy was used to evaluate and follow RLN injury.

Results

The study group comprised 854 patients (139 men, 715 women) operated for recurrent goiter (n = 576), recurrent hyperthyroidism (n = 36), completion thyroidectomy for cancer (n = 194) or recurrent thyroid cancer (n = 48), including 472 bilateral and 382 unilateral reoperations; 1,326 nerves at risk (NAR). A group of 306 patients (500 NAR) underwent reoperations with IONM and 548 patients (826 NAR) had reoperations with RLN visualization, but without IONM. Transient and permanent RLN injuries were found respectively in 13 (2.6 %) and seven (1.4 %) nerves with IONM versus 52 (6.3 %) and 20 (2.4 %) nerves without IONM (p = 0.003 and p = 0.202, respectively).

Conclusions

IONM decreased the incidence of transient RLN paresis in repeat thyroid operations compared with nerve visualization alone. The prevalence of permanent RLN injury tended to be lower in thyroid reoperations with IONM, but statistical validation of the observed differences requires a sample size of 920 NAR per arm.     

Intraoperative neuromonitoring for thyroid malignancy surgery: technical notes and results from a retrospective series

This study evaluates the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for thyroidectomy performed in cancer patients with emphasis on postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP). The study is a retrospective series comprising 76 thyroidectomy alone (control group) versus 76 thyroidectomy with IONM. In the control group the laryngeal nerves have been identified by visualization solely. In the IONM group both vagal nerve and RLN have been localized and monitored during thyroid resection. The main surgical outcome was RLN morbidity. All patients undergo pre- and postoperative laryngeal examination. Overall RLN morbidity was 3.9% in the IONM group and 9.2% in the control group (P < 0.05). There have been two cases of permanent RLNP (2.6%) in the control group and one in the IONM group (1.3%), one case of bilateral RLN injury in the control group. The incidences of temporary RLNP in the IONM group have been 2.6 versus 6.5% in the control group. IONM is an effective procedure in thyroid cancer patients.     

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??Application of intraoperative neromonitoring during complex thyroid operation SUN Hui,LIU Xiao-li,FU Yan-tao,et al.Division of Thyroid Surgery,China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130033, China Corresponding author: SUN Hui,E-mail:sunhui1229@163.com Abstract Objective Apply the intraoperative neuromonitoring ??IONM?? as an adjunct to avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during complex thyroid operation. Methods From March 2009 to July 2009, 132 pations (186 nerves at risk) underwent complex thyroidectomy with the application of IONM. Vagus nerve and RLN were tested respectively before and after resection of thyroid lobe. Video recording of cord mobility was performed routinely pre- and postoperatively. Results In addition to 4 cases with preoperative vocal cord paralysis??182 RLN after resection of thyroid lobe with a clear electromyography(EMG) and 0?? nerves experienced signal loss before closing surgical incision showed normal electrical transduction function. Accurately detect non-RLN in 2 nerves. Conclusion IONM could make RLN identification more reliabe and precise, test the functional integrity of RLN. IONM is a useful adjunct to reduce RLN palsy rate in complex thyroid operation.