毒品注射致股动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血的诊治

目的探讨注射毒品引起股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2003年3月—2009年12月收治的22例因反复注射毒品致股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血患者的临床资料。结果 22例患者均接受手术治疗,术中行瘤体切除、清创后,8例行股动脉破口修补术;4例行破口两侧股动脉结扎术;10例行髂外动脉-股动脉人工血管移植术。22例均手术成功,手术后早期出现人工血管与股动脉吻合口破裂出血1例,急诊手术重新吻合,随后出现切口感染,经换药后切口愈合。术后患侧下肢功能均好。随访6个月至7年,平均3年。1例患者术后2年出现人工血管感染,1例出院后14d发生吻合口出血,均经再次血管吻合治愈;2例股动脉结扎患者遗留轻间歇性跛行。结论治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血的手术方式,以股动脉假性动脉瘤切除+清创+股动脉修补术最为简单、安全有效;人工血管移植术疗效确定,能最大限度保证患肢血供;股动脉修补或结扎术在选择病例中也是有效的治疗方法。     

颈动脉体瘤的手术治疗及围手术期处理

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤手术及围手术期处理方法。方法 15例颈动脉体瘤患者均给予充分的围手术期处理后行手术治疗。结果 15例中6例行单纯肿瘤剥离切除,7列行肿瘤及颈外动脉切除,2例行肿瘤及颈总动脉交叉处切除,颈总与颈内动脉重建。手术顺利,无手术死亡者。术后随访1～3年,平均15.3个月,所有患者手术切口一期愈合,肿瘤压迫症状消失,其中2例术后头痛3个月,经对症处理后头痛好转,1例术后2d天出现脑梗死,1例出现舌下神经损伤,经治疗后症状缓解。术后肿瘤无复发。结论完善的围手术期处理可提高颈动脉体瘤切除手术的疗效、增加手术的安全性、降低手术的并发症。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的原因及治疗策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内修复术(EVAR)后髂支闭塞的原因及治疗策略。方法:回顾性收集2016年1月—2018年7月中南大学湘雅医院血管外科收治130例行EVAR的AAA患者临床资料,对其中并发髂支闭塞患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:130例成功接受EVAR的AAA患者中,6例(4.61%)发生术后髂支闭塞,均为单侧闭塞,发生闭塞的平均时间为(55±87)d。临床表现主要为间歇性跛行和静息痛。治疗方式包括:股动脉切开取栓+股-股动脉转流术2例,髂动脉支架植入术1例,股动脉切开取栓+髂动脉支架植入术3例。术后患肢缺血症状均消失。术后随访时间12个月,所有患者均未再次出现下肢缺血症状。结论:髂支闭塞是EVAR术后较为常见的并发症之一,其原因包括瘤颈条件差、髂动脉入路扭曲、髂支远端锚定区解剖异常等;股动脉切开取栓和(或)髂动脉支架植入是行之有效的治疗方法。     

解剖条件复杂的肾下型腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内修复术治疗复杂解剖条件肾下型腹主动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 对2003年1月至2011年3月接受经股动脉植入分体式覆膜支架治疗解剖条件复杂的48例腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性37例,女性11例;年龄50～81岁,平均71.4岁.其中近端短瘤颈(＜15 mm) 14例,近端瘤颈成角大(＞60°)13例,复杂髂动脉解剖者21例,其中髂动脉严重扭曲者15例,髂动脉狭窄(直径＜7 mm)者6例.结果 所有病例治疗均获成功,术中无中转开腹手术者,围手术期生存率100％.40例患者获得随访,随访时间4-122个月,平均63个月,死亡2例,均为心脑血管意外,其余生存良好,累积生存率95.8％.Ⅰ型内漏2例,其中1例2周后消失,1例长期存在,随访过程中未发现新发内漏、支架移位或堵塞、瘤体扩大或瘤体破裂等并发症;2例封堵一侧大部分肾动脉的患者恢复良好,术后未出现肾功能不全.结论 腔内修复术治疗复杂解剖条件肾下型腹主动脉瘤安全、有效.随着经验的不断积累,腔内修复术在治疗解剖条件复杂的肾下型腹主动脉瘤中将发挥更重要的作用.     

复杂性近肾腹主动脉闭塞症的手术治疗

目的探讨不同近肾腹主动脉闭塞和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病的患者的合理手术方式。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的17例近肾腹主动脉闭塞的患者的临床资料,其中6例伴有下肢动脉的重度狭窄或闭塞,5例伴肾动脉狭窄,2例伴有锁骨下动脉狭窄,1例同时伴有肾动脉的狭窄和一侧股浅动脉闭塞,1例伴有胸主动脉瘤。手术方式有主-髂(股)动脉人工血管搭桥术(12例),腋-双股人工血管搭桥(4例),经双侧股动脉切开取拴+腔内支架成形术(1例),在合并有其他部位血管疾病处理方法有血管腔内球囊扩张+支架成形、股-腘动脉人工血管搭桥及动脉瘤切除人工血管置换术。结果 1例术后4d死亡,其他16例未出现严重并发症。16例患者术后下肢缺血症状均得到明显改善,其中5例下肢静息痛症状消失,4例高血压患者血压较术前明显容易控制,2例肾功能不全患者术后肾功能恢复到正常水平,2例伴有头晕、上肢乏力症状患者术后症状消失。16例存活患者均获5～56个月随访,生存率高达94.1%,致残及严重血管并发症机率为6.3%。结论针对近肾腹主动脉闭塞症和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病患者制定合理的手术方式尤为重要,也是提高患者生存率及生存质量的关键。     

胰高血糖素瘤并肝转移的外科治疗

目的：探讨胰高血糖素瘤并肝转移的诊断、治疗方式和预后。方法：回顾1例肝转移性胰高血糖素瘤患者2次入院临床资料,结合患者胰体尾切除+脾切除术后病史,分析该病治疗的方式选择和预后。结果：该例肝转移性胰高血糖素瘤患者经实验室检查、影像学明确诊断后,行超声刀肝右后叶切除+肝左叶肿瘤局部切除+胆囊切除术后好转出院。术后随访1个月,恢复良好。结论：胰高血糖素瘤术后可并发肝转移,手术治疗为有效手段,预后较好,必要时可行肝移植治疗。

     

剖解外腋—股,股—股动脉旁路移植术治疗主髂动脉闭塞症

目的 探讨剖解外腋－股、股－股动脉旁路移植术治疗主髂动脉闭塞症的疗效。方法 采用解剖外旁路移植术治疗主骼动脉闭塞症患者３２例。１８例腹主动脉或两侧髂动脉闭塞者采用腋－股动脉旁路术,其中２例为腋－两股动脉旁路术;１４例单侧髂动脉闭塞者采用股－对侧股动脉旁路术。采用腋－肌动脉旁路的患者,术中８例用真丝人造血管移植,１０例四氟乙烯（Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ）人造血管;股－股动脉旁路术中６例用真丝人造血管移植,１     

介入手术治疗复杂主髂动脉闭塞症：附16例分析

目的:探讨经皮腔内介入治疗复杂主髂动脉闭塞症的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析收治的16例复杂主髂动脉闭塞患者临床资料,患者均行介入手术治疗,通过多穿刺入路途径,采用内膜下血管再通技术和导丝抓捕技术建立工作导丝通道,然后行球囊扩张术及对吻技术支架植入等。结果:16例复杂主髂动脉闭塞的患者,手术均获得成功,手术成功率100%。16例患者中15例患者血管完全通畅,症状明显改善,1例患者症状中度改善,下肢缺血症状消失。1例患者出现穿刺部位血肿,术后并发症发生率为6.25%。所有患者均随访3~48个月,其中有5例患者出现支架内狭窄及血栓形成,经过腔内介入治疗后再次恢复血流。术后12、24、36个月血管通畅率分别为87.5%、81.25%、68.75%。结论:经皮腔内介入治疗复杂主髂动脉闭塞,能够迅速打通血管、恢复血流,且并发症少,临床效果满意。     

腔内修复术在复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤中的应用

目的:探讨对于复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)行腔内修复(EVAR)治疗的操作要点和治疗效果。方法:回顾行EVAR治疗的15例复杂型肾下AAA患者的临床资料,分析术中操作要点和临床结局。结果:手术技术成功率为100%,无中转开腹病例,1例(6.67%)术后5 d死于急性心衰。瘤颈成角过大2例患者均使用肱-股双导丝技术完成手术;髂动脉狭窄患者7例,4例利用肱-股双导丝技术及球囊扩张后置入支架,其余经球囊扩张完成操作;1例左髂动脉闭塞的患者采用对侧髂动脉进入导丝通过闭塞段完成手术;8例重度扭曲患者通过超硬导丝将扭曲段纠正后释放支架。术中无瘤体破裂、血管穿孔及医源性血管夹层等严重并发症出现。随访期间,1例患者术后2年出现腰椎结核,死于多脏器功能衰竭;内漏3例,二次手术干预1例。结论:随着经验的积累,技术的进步及支架的不断完善,EVAR治疗复杂型肾下AAA是可行、有效的。     

注射吸毒所致感染性假性股动脉瘤的股动脉结扎治疗

目的总结股动脉结扎治疗注射吸毒所致感染性假性股动脉瘤的体会。方法对45例注射吸毒所致感染性假性股动脉瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析。采用股动脉或髂外动脉结扎+瘤体切除术治疗感染性假性股动脉瘤,术后预防血栓形成及抗感染治疗,并随访患肢功能。结果44例患者保肢成功,近期患肢行走功能良好。1例术后因深静脉血栓形成,出现肢体坏死而截肢。结论34例(75.6%)获3～12个随访,疗效满意。股动脉结扎是治疗感染性假性股动脉瘤的有效方法。     

感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤手术治疗及伤口处理：附16例分析

目的:探讨感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤治疗的手术方式,以及评估封闭负压辅助闭合(VAC)装置在治疗感染伤口的作用和应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月—2018年4月行手术治疗的16例感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果:16例患者术中破损动脉直接缝合破口5例,自体静脉修补6例,自体静脉置换3例,2例行动脉瘤切除局部旷置。患者手术伤口术后均经VAC装置引流治疗;伤口二期直接缝合12例,行皮瓣移植4例,伤口愈合时间平均34.2 d。术后13例患者获随访6个月,除1例伤口再次破溃接受清创治疗之外,其余12例患者伤口均无再次感染或破溃,所有随访患者动脉瘤均未复发。结论:感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤应尽早手术清创治疗;VAC装置治疗感染性伤口安全、有效。     

颈动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨颈动脉瘤的外科治疗。方法回顾性分析2005年8月—2010年5月收治的16例颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料。发病至入院时间平均(31.0±0.7)个月。1例为双侧发病,15例患者为单侧发病;发病部位颈总动脉5例,颈内动脉9例,颈外动脉2例。7例患者无明显临床症状,5例伴有不同程度神经压迫症状,4例患者颈部外伤后出现颈部包块就诊。所有患者均行外科手术或血管腔内治疗。结果 16例患者均一期手术成功,无手术死亡。其中9例行外科手术,7例行血管腔内治疗。术后随访11例,随访时间平均(23.3±0.7)个月。超声检查:5例移植大隐静脉血管通畅;4例行覆膜支架患者例颈动脉通畅,瘤腔完全闭塞;2例支架内血栓形成,颈动脉闭塞,但无临床症状,未再外科干预。结论颈动脉瘤发生率虽低,但潜在风险高,一旦确诊,应积极治疗。开放手术疗效确切,血管腔内治疗微创,两者均为有效的外科治疗手段。     

复杂主动脉病变的腔内治疗和杂交手术

目的：总结复杂主动脉病变腔内治疗和杂交手术的疗效和近中期结果。方法：回顾性分析2003年4月—2012年12月间收治的53例复杂主动脉病变患者的临床资料，其中男39例，女14例；年龄31~82岁，平均55岁；主动脉夹层35例，主动脉弓动脉瘤2例，腹主动脉瘤16例；其中5例合并髂动脉瘤。分别采用不同的腔内技术和/或杂交手术治疗。结果：全组患者手术技术成功率100%。术中即刻发生I型内漏8例，2例在其近端加一Cuff后内漏消失，其他患者未作特殊处理。随访1~72个月，平均20.2个月，无移植物移位及器官缺血。随访患者中无I型内漏发生，发生II型内漏2例，未行特殊处理，后自愈；无截瘫病例；1例高龄腹主动脉瘤患者术后1个月死于痰堵塞导致的窒息。结论：腔内治疗和杂交手术治疗复杂主动脉病变具有较好的近、中期疗效，远期疗效有待进一步评估。

     

白塞病并发动脉瘤12例的外科治疗体会

目的总结白塞病并发动脉瘤的外科手术和腔内治疗经验。方法对1977年6月至2006年3月收治的12例白塞病患者并发21个动脉瘤进行回顾性分析。腹主动脉瘤3个,升主动脉瘤1个,髂动脉瘤4个,髂动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤1个,股总动脉瘤3个,股浅动脉瘤2个,腘动脉瘤2个,椎动脉瘤1个,锁骨下动脉瘤2个。颈动脉瘤1个和肠系膜上动脉瘤1个。21个动脉瘤中,行外科手术14个,包括动脉瘤切除、人工血管或自体大隐静脉移植术12个,动脉瘤切除、病变动脉结扎术2个;行支架型人工血管腔内修复术6个;1个升主动脉瘤因患者全身情况差,行保守治疗。结果围手术期死亡患者2例,其中1例行外科手术,1例行腔内修复术。术后吻合口假性动脉瘤1例（1个）,其他部位新动脉瘤形成7个,下肢血管移植物闭塞2例,但患肢无明显缺血坏死。6例患者随访3-293个月,随访中位时间28个月,1例死于肺癌。结论白塞病动脉瘤一旦发生,需积极处理。术前、术后积极免疫抑制治疗可降低外科手术和腔内修复术后并发症发生。因术后有吻合口和其他部位假性动脉瘤复发及血管移植物闭塞可能,需长期随访、及时处理。     

Vessel and nerve injuries complicating total hip arthroplasty

Arterial and neural damage following total hip replacement is not common. Three cases are reported. The first patient had an isolated femoral nerve damage. The second case developed a false aneurysm arising from the external iliac artery 2 months after hip surgery and the third patient sustained a tear of the external iliac artery during the operation. The nerve and vessel injuries were caused by retractors. In both patients with arterial damages a transitory femoral nerve involvement occurred. The prognosis was good in all patients. Preventive measures are discussed.     

Vessel and nerve injuries complicating total hip arthroplasty

Summary Arterial and neural damage following total hip replacement is not common. Three cases are reported. The first patient had an isolated femoral nerve damage. The second case developed a false aneurysm arising from the external iliac artery 2 months after hip surgery and the third patient sustained a tear of the external iliac artery during the operation. The nerve and vessel injuries were caused by retractors. In both patients with arterial damages a transitory femoral nerve involvement occurred. The prognosis was good in all patients. Preventive measures are discussed.     

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??Without restruction followed the external iliac artery resection for en bloc excision of huge retroperitoneal sarcoma: A report of three cases ZHENG Jia-jia*??YANG Yu??TONG Han-xing??et al. *Department of General Surgery??Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University??Shanghai 200032??China
Corresponding author??LU Wei-qi??E-mail: lu.weiqi@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Abstract Objective To discuss the experience of dealing with external iliac artery which involved by retroperitoneal sarcoma. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients treated in Department of General Surgery??Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from November 2012 to November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients underwent en bloc excision of retroperitoneal sarcoma involved external iliac artery. One patient was found external iliac arterial occlusion during the operation. Two patients underwent emergency operations because of rupture of arterial anastomoses after vascular reconstruction in previous operations. All patients ligated unilateral external iliac arteries finally. Results Postoperative pathological examinations showed that, in all three patients, tumors invaded adipose tissue lateral to the arteries, and one of the three had vascular atresia by thrombus. One patient had calf muscle pain after operation, and was cured by vasodilator drugs 1 months later. Another two patients had no symptoms of lower limb ischemia or claudication.Two weeks after operations, CTA were conducted in both patients, and showed discontinuities of left external iliac arteries, but the blood flows in femoral arteries and their distal branches were normal. Many collateral vessels could be seen around the artery interruption. Follow-up of 6 months after operations showed that there was no influence in blood supplies of the lower limbs among all three patients. Conclusion It is generally agreed that the risk of artery ligation is high. But in certain conditions??collateral circulation may avoid those disastrous consequences.     

Arterial Infections in the New Millenium: An Old Problem Revisited

The natural history of infected aneurysms or arterial infections is characterized by rapid expansion leading to rupture, pseudoaneurysm formation, and sepsis. Treatment options include in situ grafting either with prosthetic or autogenous grafts or with cryopreserved allografts (CPAs), resection of the aneurysm with remote bypass grafting, and ligation. The purpose of this study was to review our recent experience with these infections and to present long-term follow-up with in situ CPAs. From January 2000 through June 2005, we treated nine patients with infected aneurysms and one patient with an infection without aneurysm formation. The infection involved the infrarenal abdominal aorta in six patients and the femoral artery in three patients. One patient had an infected splenic artery aneurysm. Aortic rupture occurred in five of the six patients with infected aortas. Two of the three patients with infected femoral aneurysms presented with recurrent hemorrhage. Of the six patients with aortic infections, five were treated with in situ CPAs. One patient was treated with aortic resection and axillofemoral grafting. Two patients with femoral aneurysms were treated with in situ CPAs, and the third patient underwent aneurysm resection and prosthetic grafting through the obturator foramen. The patient with the splenic aneurysm underwent combined valve replacement, aneurysm resection, and splenectomy. Three of the six patients with aortic infections died postoperatively, all of whom were septic at presentation. The cause of death in these three patients was multiple organ failure in two and overwhelming sepsis in one. The three survivors are alive and well with up to 5-year follow-up. The three patients with infected femoral aneurysms are alive and well with follow-up extending to 44 months. The patient with the splenic aneurysm is doing well. No recurrent infections have been noted among the survivors. The CPAs have remained structurally intact in all. The mortality rate among patients with abdominal aortic infections remains high and is likely related to their preoperative septic state. In situ grafting with CPAs appears to be a reasonable treatment option for arterial infections. CPAs appear to maintain their structural integrity and to be resistant to recurrent infection.     

Combined percutaneous endovascular and open surgical approach in the treatment of a persistent sciatic artery aneurysm presenting with acute limb-threatening ischemia--a case report and review of the literature

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a continuation of the internal iliac artery into the popliteal-tibial vessels and provides the major supply to the lower limb bud in early embryologic development, and its remnants participate in the formation of the inferior gluteal, deep femoral, popliteal, peroneal, and pedal vessels. When the femoral artery develops, the PSA involutes. In rare circumstances it persists and has a bilateral location in 22% of cases of PSA. This rare vascular anomaly is associated with aneurysmal formation in 15% to 46% of cases. Persistent sciatic artery aneurysm (PSAA) was first described in 1864. At present 87 cases, including this case, have been reported in the international literature. The authors describe a patient affected with PSAA and treated with a combination of thrombolysis, arterial reconstruction, and aneurysm embolization in a staged fashion. Embryology, anatomy, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare disease are briefly discussed.