甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植治疗难治性肾性甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效观察

目的 观察甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术（PTX+AT）治疗慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者严重继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)的临床疗效。方法 选择我院2011年2月~2012年7月难治性肾性SHPT行PTX+AT术并随访3个月以上的20例患者。观察手术前后甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、血钙、磷、血红蛋白、相关临床症状的变化情况。结果 （1）20例患者顺利完成手术,18例患者行甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术,2例患者术中仅发现并切除3枚甲状旁腺,未行前臂移植。（2）无一例出现手术并发症（喉神经损伤、呼吸困难、抽搐等）。所有患者术后第2天骨痛、皮肤瘙痒、乏力等临床症状均明显改善。（3）术后各时间点血钙、磷、iPTH较术前明显下降,术后3月红细胞压积（Hct）较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义。结论 PTX+AT对于治疗难治性肾性SHPT疗效明确,是一种安全、经济和有效的治疗手段,术前甲状旁腺的准确定位及术后及时调整血钙水平是治疗成功的关键。     

甲状旁腺全切并自体前臂移植术治疗肾性难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进疗效随访分析

目的观察甲状旁腺全切加自体前臂移植术(total parathyroidectomywith forearm autograft,PTX+AT)治疗肾性难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)的临床疗效。方法分析2011年2月至2013年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院终末期肾脏疾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)合并SHPT行PTX+AT随访6个月以上患者93例。收集患者术前和术后第1、3及6个月血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)及血细胞比容(hematocrit,Hct),测量相应时间患者血压,统计并分析结果;记录症状缓解、术后并发症及复发情况。结果①手术及并发症:成功手术93例,7例发生一过性喉返神经损伤,随访3个月均恢复。低钙血症发生率为80.6%(75/93),静脉或口服补钙有效。②症状缓解:大多数患者术后骨痛(74/76)、皮肤瘙痒(26/26)和失眠(18/18)症状次日即基本缓解,短期内仍有骨痛者2例,3个月后缓解。肌无力、纳差及全身营养状况逐渐改善。③血生化指标及血压:术后贫血改善,重组人红细胞生成素用量减少(P0.05)。与术前相比,患者术后血钙、血磷、iPTH水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。血钙、血磷及iPTH于术后第3个月开始缓慢升高,平均值达指南推荐水平。合并高血压病患者74例,49例术后血压得到有效控制,总有效率达66.2%。④复发及二次手术:7例复发,复发率为7.5%,其中3例为前臂种植部位复发,行种植部位甲状旁腺手术切除后缓解;4例为残留或异位甲状旁腺所致复发(其中3例已再次行PTX,1例手术失败,2例未再复发;1例因甲状旁腺异位于主动脉弓上方未再手术治疗)。结论 PTX+AT治疗肾性难治性SHPT疗效明确,骨痛、瘙痒及失眠症状迅速缓解,明显改善贫血、提高血压控制率并使血钙、血磷、iPTH达理想水平,是一种安全、经济和有效的治疗手段。     

甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体移植术治疗肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的长期疗效

目的: 探究甲状旁腺全切除加前臂自体移植术（total parathyroidectomy with forearm autotransplantation, TPTX+AT）治疗肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（secondary hyperparathyroidism, SHPT）术后长期疗效。方法: 我院1999年1月至2017年11月行TPTX+AT的SHPT病人124例,分析术后症状改善和血钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormones, iPTH）水平变化,以及术后复发率、持续性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率、死亡率等。结果: 术后病人临床症状均明显改善。术后1个月病人血钙、磷、iPTH及碱性磷酸酶水平均较术前明显降低（均P<0.05）,基本可长期控制在正常水平。随访至2018年5月,10例（8.06%）复发,7例（5.64%）发生持续性甲状旁腺功能低下,19例（15.32%）死亡。结论: TPTX+AT治疗SHPT能长期有效地缓解症状,改善钙磷代谢。术后复发率与持续性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率、死亡率均在较低水平。     

甲状旁腺全切除加前臂移植治疗尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进

目的观察甲状旁腺全切除(PTX)加自体前臂移植术治疗尿毒症维持性透析患者严重继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院12例接受PTX加自体前臂移植术的患者资料,包括术前B超定位与手术切除的甲状旁腺定位的关系,以及术前后血甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、血钙磷、红细胞比容(Hct)、甘油三酯、透析充分性(Kt／V、UUR)的变化。结果 11例患者术中所切除的甲状旁腺结节与术前B超定位完全一致,1例患者在手术探查中新发现1个较小的约0．5 cm3甲状旁腺结节。术后血钙、磷及其乘积较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义。术后各时间点(1周、1、3、6、12个月)血iPTH较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义。术后3个月甘油三酯[(1．78±0．61)mmol／L]较术前[(2．07±0．47)mmol／L]明显下降,Hct (0．31±0．06)较术前(0．26±0．05)明显提高;透析充分性Kt／V、UUR(1．668±0．173、0．696±0．041)较术前(1．567±0．195、0．667±0．054)升高,差异均有有统计学意义。结论甲状旁腺全切除加自体前臂移植能有效治疗SHPT,可以改善患者的贫血及脂质代谢紊乱,提高部分患者的透析耐受性而改善透析充分性。术前颈部甲状旁腺B超定位指导手术是可行的方法之一。避免术后复发的关键是做到真正的甲状旁腺全切除及选取适量的弥漫增生的甲状旁腺行自体前臂移植。     

甲状旁腺切除术用于难治性肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的安全性及近远疗效

背景与目的:甲状旁腺切除术(PTX)是治疗药物不能控制的难治性肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)的重要手段,但PTX术后仍有可能发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,无动力性骨病或难治性骨软化症,且国内尚缺乏对PTX术后远期的疗效观察的研究。本研究进一步评价PTX治疗难治性肾性SHPT的安全性与近远期疗效。方法:纳入2011年1月—2014年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院行PTX治疗的139例伴有难治性肾性SHPT的维持性透析患者。收集患者术前及术后3 d、6个月及1、2、3年的临床资料、血全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、血钙、血磷、血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞压积(Hct)等,观察并记录术后症状缓解情况、术后并发症和随访情况。结果:139例患者的PTX手术成功率为95.7%(133/139),术中共计切除甲状旁腺腺体537枚,平均切除3.86枚/例。12例(8.6%)术后发生一过性喉返神经损伤,其中声音嘶哑9例(6.5%),饮水呛咳3例(2.2%),未予处理术后3个月内均自行好转。术后低钙血症或缺乏维生素D者120例(86.3%),给予西那卡塞、补钙及补充活性维生素D治疗后得到有效控制。全组未发生切口感染、出血、窒息及甲状腺功能减退等外科并发症。患者的贫血状况均有不同程度地改善,Hb和Hct术后6个月明显升高并在随访期间保持稳定;术后iPTH明显降低,术后3 d的血钙、磷、钙磷乘积水平最低,随访3年仍低于手术前,所有变化与术前均有统计学差异(均P0.05)。随访期间无死亡病例。患者术前的骨痛、顽固性皮肤瘙痒、失眠、异位钙化、肌无力伴萎缩症状在术后1 d即明显缓解;身高缩短、骨骼畸形患者随访期间无进行性加重;纳差、全身营养状况及自理能力术后3个月内不同程度地改善。11例(7.9%)持续性SHPT,包括4例(2.9%)术中未完全切除甲状旁腺腺体,1例(0.7%)术中1枚腺体较小而未切除完全,6例(4.3%)术后检查存在纵隔异位甲状旁腺。随访期间,5例(3.5%)腺体未切除完全者的iPTH均800 pg/mL,肌无力及顽固性皮肤瘙痒临床症状明显,再次行PTX;6例(4.3%)存在异位甲状旁腺腺体者,因手术风险较大患者拒绝再次手术,予以药物治疗;8例(5.8%)术后复发,其中6例(4.3%)系前臂移植物复发所致,均在局麻下行前臂皮下移植物切除;2例(1.4%)系颈部原位残留腺体过度增生,予以二次手术,术后症状缓解。所有进行二次手术的患者在随访结束时无明显的临床症状,均未复发。结论:PTX可改善难治性肾性SHPT患者临床症状、贫血及钙磷代谢,且近远期疗效均较好,是治疗难治性SHPT的安全有效方法。     

尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺亢进两种手术方式的疗效比较

目的：比较甲状旁腺次全切除与甲状旁腺全切除加自体前臂种植术治疗尿毒症维持性血透患者严重、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）的临床疗效。方法：对2002年8月~2007年12月期间在我院接受甲状旁腺切除术13例患者资料（甲状旁腺次全切6例,甲状旁腺全切加自体前臂种植7例）进行回顾性分析,包括定位诊断,以及手术前后完整甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、红细胞比容（Hct）进行比较。结果：术前分别行B超和颈部放射性核素显像断层扫描（ECT）的6例患者,B超对肿大甲状旁腺的检出率明显高于ECT。两组患者组内iPTH术后（3d,1周,1月,3月）较术前有明显的下降,有统计学意义;术后血钙、血磷及其乘积较术前明显下降,有统计学意义;术后Hct与术前水平接近,无统计学意义。两组间术前、术后iPTH及血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积水平接近,无统计学意义。结论：在两种术式均能有效的治疗SHPT和均有复发可能的情况下,甲状旁腺全切除加自体前臂种植术的二次手术简单易行,有一定的选择优势。     

甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术治疗继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症12例

探讨甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)的临床疗效。回顾性分析我院2012年3月—2014年9月收治的12例慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期SHPT患者的资料。患者均行甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术,骨痛、全身瘙痒症状明显缓解,血甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、血碱性磷酸酶较术前明显下降。甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术对SHPT有效。     

维持性血液透析患者继发性甲旁亢的手术治疗疗效观察

目的 回顾性总结维持性血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)行甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)的临床疗效.方法 收集2009年10月～2013年11月的25例血液透析患者(平均透析龄58±18.7个月;平均年龄45.6±8.3岁).监测术后并发症及复发情况.对比分析患者术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月的临床症状、全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、血清钙、血清磷及碱性磷酸酶等变化.结果 25例患者中,甲状旁腺全切术共24例(占96％),甲状旁腺全切加前臂自体移植术1例(占4％).术后围手术期无死亡发生.术后绝大部分患者的骨痛及皮肤瘙痒症状在数天内缓解,但随着随访时间的延长,术前颈部彩色超声示小于4枚甲状旁腺结节性增大的5例患者骨痛症状均有复发(20％),但程度较术前明显减轻.2例患者出现一过性声音嘶哑(发生率8％).术后全部患者均出现低钙血症(发生率100％),经积极补钙治疗后均可有效控制.25例患者术前均表现为明显增高的iPTH、血清钙、血清磷和ALP.术后iPTH(P＜0.01)、血清钙(P＜0.01)、血清磷(P＜0.01)和ALP(P＜0.01)水平均较术前显著降低.随访6个月,5例复发(20％),且均为术前检查小于4枚甲状旁腺结节性增大的患者.结论 PTX治疗维持性血液透析患者继发性甲旁亢是一种相对安全和有效的方法,但其长期疗效仍有待于进一步观察.     

甲状旁腺全切除联合自体前臂移植治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进

目的：分析甲状旁腺全切除联合自体前臂移植术治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床疗效。方法 ：研究本院2017年1月至2020年12月间行甲状旁腺全切除联合自体前臂移植术26例病人术后的血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素、碱性磷酸酶及临床症状改善情况,分析手术效果。本研究病人均为终末期肾病持续性透析治疗并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。结果：共切除甲状旁腺105枚。所有病人骨痛、皮肤瘙痒症状均明显改善或消失,术后3个月、6个月的血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶、全段甲状旁腺激素均较术前明显降低（P<0.05）。手术均成功。术后复发1例（3.85%）。术后并发症发生2例（7.69%）。结论：甲状旁腺全切除联合自体前臂移植术临床疗效好,是治疗难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进安全有效的方法。     

CKD-MBD患者甲状旁腺切除术疗效观察

目的 调查本院维持透析并发慢性肾脏病矿物质及骨代谢紊乱(chronic kidney diseasemineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)患者在接受甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)后,血钙、血磷及血清全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)的恢复情况,追踪PTX的手术疗效.方法 检测19例行甲状旁腺全切加前臂自体移植术的CKD-MBD患者术前及术后的血钙、血磷及血iPTH,比较患者术前和术后的血钙、血磷、血iPTH的变化.结果 术后0d、1d、7d、15d血钙较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01),通过术后规律补钙,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月与术前血钙比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后低血钙发生率为21％,无高钙血症发生.术后0d、1d、7d、15d、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月血磷与术前血磷比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05).术后低血磷发生率为33.3％,无高磷血症发生.术后0d、1d、7d、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的血iPTH较术前下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).随访中有2例出现低iPTH(iPTH＜ 16pg/mL)血症,2例iPTH升高明显,均＞800pg/mL.结论 CKD-MBD患者行甲状旁腺全切加前臂自体移植术后血钙、血磷、血iPTH可恢复正常范围.     

Total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft in the treatment of uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of total parathyroidectomy (PTX) with forearm autograft in uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods One hundred and eighteen cases undergoing PTX with forearm autograft in our hospital from 2001-2010 were included in this study. Their preoperative and postoperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), biochemistry tests (total calcium,inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphate) were collected and postoperative symptom relief, complications and recurrence were investigated. Results Of all the 118 cases, 32 underwent endoscopic surgery and 86 open surgery. The surgery was performed successfully in 110 cases (93.2%) and one case died in perioperative period. Thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed during surgery in 2 cases and radical operation was performed at the same time. Temporary injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve was found in nine cases (7.6%). Postoperative hypocalcemia was frequently seen in 108 cases (91.5%) and it was effectively controlled by postoperative calcium administration. After operation, bone pain and itching were alleviated, and weakness, anemia and malnutrition status were improved in all the cases who received successful surgery. The postoperative levels of serum iPTH (P＜0.01), calcium (P＜0.01), phosphorus (P＜0.01) and calcium×phosphorus (P＜0.01) were decreased significantly than those in preoperative period. A long-term follow-up of over 3 years was carried out in 21 cases. Six cases recurred, among them, 4 cases relieved after removal of autografted parethroid tissue, and another two cases received the second operation. The longest follow-up period lasted for 9 years in two cases without recurrence. Conclusions PTX with forearm autograft is safe and effective in the treatment for uremic patients with SHPT. No severe complication is found during the long-term follow-up period.     

甲状旁腺切除术对尿毒症患者难治性继发性甲旁亢的疗效观察

目的回顾性统计尿毒症难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者进行甲状旁腺切除术的临床疗效。方法监测并统计12例人组患者术前及术后1个月、3个月、半年、1年的血钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺素及临床症状。结果全切＋自体移植7例,次全切5例。次全切患者均复发,改用药物保守治疗仍部分有效。全切＋自体移植中5例术后1年持续低全段甲状旁腺素,为（61．31±21．11）pg／ml（38～89．91pg／ml）。常见足跟疼痛以及下肢承重关节相关的临床表现。术后无论何种术式及是否复发,患者除不宁腿综合征以外的症状均改善或明显改善,且其3个月、6个月及1年时症状及生化指标均较术前有明显改变。结论手术能明显缓解难治性患者的症状及生化水平,但长期来看存在可能复发及长期低全段甲状旁腺素的问题。     

61例尿毒症患者甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术后低钙血症的发生与处理

目的针对内科治疗无效的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（sHPT）的尿毒症患者行甲状旁腺全切加前臂移植术,分析术后患者低钙血症的发生与处理。方法61例患者术后立即监测血钙浓度,并静脉补充葡萄糖酸钙,使血钙维持在1．8～2．2mmol／L之间,统计手术前、后患者的全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、血清钙磷乘积和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）水平以及手术切除的总的腺体质量。结果56例患者（占91．7％）术后12-24h即出现血钙低于1．8mmol／L,静脉立即补充葡萄糖酸钙,约合元素钙（18±6）g,补钙剂量与术前血iPTH（r=0．621,P〈0．01）、钙磷乘积（r=0．719,P〈0．01）、AKP（r=0．606,P〈0．01）及总的切除腺体质量（r=0．716,P〈0．01）相关。结论低钙血症是患者甲状旁腺术后的常见表现,与SHPT的严重程度有关,术后及早监测血钙和静脉补钙可有效、安全预防严重低钙血症的发生。     

Calcimimetic agents and secondary hyperparathyroidism: rationale for use and results from clinical trials

Calcimimetic agents are small organic molecules that act as allosteric activators of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). In parathyroid cells, they lower the threshold for receptor activation by extracellular calcium ions and diminish parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Calcimimetic compounds thus represent a novel way of controlling excess PTH secretion in clinical disorders such as secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to chronic renal failure. Clinical trials have documented that the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet hydrochloride effectively lowers plasma PTH levels without increasing serum calcium or phosphorus concentrations in adult hemodialysis patients with SHPT. Serum phosphorus levels and values for the calcium-phosphorus ion product in serum often decline as plasma PTH levels fall during treatment. Experimental evidence suggests that calcimimetic agents may also impede the development of parathyroid gland hyperplasia, an integral component of SHPT due to chronic renal failure. Calcimimetic agents have considerable potential, therefore, as part of new therapeutic strategies for SHPT.     

甲状旁腺切除术后维持性血液透析患者腹主动脉钙化的改变

目的 观察维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)患者行甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)后腹主动脉钙化及生化指标的发展变化.方法 回顾性分析完成2年随访的严重SHPT患者,按是否行PTX分成PTX手术组和非手术组,观察术后2年腹主动脉钙化评分(abdominal aortic calcification score,AACS)、血清全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、血钙、血磷等变化.PTX手术组按照术后2年腹主动脉钙化有无进展分为进展组和非进展组,对比两组的年龄、透析龄、iPTH、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积等指标,分析腹主动脉钙化进展的相关因素.结果 共纳入44例MHD合并SHPT患者,PTX手术组26例,非手术组18例.PTX手术组与非手术组基线资料比较,透析龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而性别、年龄、高血压史等差异均无统计学意义.与术前比较,PTX手术组患者术后2年血iPTH、血钙、血磷均降低(均P<0.05),AACS前后差异无统计学意义.患者术后2年有8例(30.77%)腹主动脉钙化加速进展,8例(30.77%)腹主动脉钙化好转,10例(38.46%)腹主动脉钙化稳定.患者术后2年腹主动脉钙化非进展组iPTH值低于进展组[(20.62+6.44) ng/L比(132.72±76.83) ng/L,P<0.05],而非进展组术前AACS高于进展组[(13.11±2.71)分比(2.00±1.41)分,P<0.05].非手术组患者2年后AACS高于基线水平[(10.44±1.65)分比(8.05±1.26)分,P<0.05],血磷及钙磷乘积显著下降(均P<0.05),iPTH、血钙等水平无明显变化(均P>0.05).Pearson相关分析结果显示,PTX手术组术后2年AACS相对于术前的下降值与iPTH下降值(r=0.534,P=0.012)、血钙下降值(r=0.643,P=0.004)、血磷下降值(r=0.897,P<0.001)、钙磷乘积的下降值(r=0.568,P=0.021)呈正相关,与术前AACS值呈负相关(r=-0.647,P=0.014).结论 小样本资料显示,相比非手术治疗,PTX可长期纠正甲状旁腺素、钙、磷代谢紊乱,并有阻止腹主动脉钙化进展甚至逆转血管钙化的可能,而腹主动脉钙化逆转可能与iPTH、血Ca、血P、钙磷乘积的下降程度相关.     

Correlation between pathological types of parathyroid and clinical manifestations in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism

Objective To analyze the correlation between the pathological types of parathyroid and clinical manifestations in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), so as to improve the efficacy and safety of treatment. Methods The pathological and clinical data of 130 patients with renal SHPT and maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) who had undergone total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) were collected. A total of 545 parathyroid glands were obtained and 998 slices were made and read. According to the pathological types of parathyroid hyperplasia, the patients were divided into diffuse hyperplasia (DH) group, diffuse between hyperplasia and nodular hyperplasia (DH/NH) group as well as nodular hyperplasia (NH) group. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of different groups before and after operation (1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month) were compared and analyzed by statistical tests. Results (1) The preoperative status: the dialysis age, serum calcium as well as incidence of bone pain, skin itching and shorten height in the NH group were significantly higher than those in the DH group (all P＜0.05), and the serum phosphorus and iPTH in the NH group were significantly higher than those in DH and DH/NH group (all P＜0.05). (2) The postoperative status: the serum calcium of the NH group at 1-month was lower than that of the DH group, and the incidence of hypocalcemia of the NH group at 1-month was higher than that of the DH group (P＜0.05); the serum phosphorus at 3-, 6-, 9-month and iPTH at 1-, 3-month of the NH group were significantly lower than that of the DH group (all P＜0.05), and the serum phosphorus at 3-month and iPTH at 1-month of the NH group were lower than that of the DH/NH group (all P＜0.05). Among the 3 groups the serum phosphorus change from 1 to 12 months had difference (F=3.241, P=0.042), while the differences of serum calcium and iPTH changes were statistically insignificant. Conclusions The clinical manifestations, serum calcium, phosphorus and iPTH in patients with renal SHPT before and after TPTX+AT are closely related to the pathological types of parathyroid hyperplasia. Compared with the DH patients, before the operation the NH patients have longer dialysis age, more serious the clinical symptoms such as bone disease, higher calcium, phosphorus and iPTH, while greater reduction of the serum calcium, phosphorus and iPTH in the short term after operation.