全腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术:新荷包技术联合经肛门外翻切除标本

目的:探讨全腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中采用新荷包技术联合经肛门外翻切除标本的安全性及临床价值。方法:2013年2月至2017年12月为16例患者应用新荷包技术联合经肛门外翻切除标本技术行全腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术,全直肠系膜切除术后于近上切缘上端乙状结肠处做半环形切开,将带有缝针的吻合器钉座置入乙状结肠内,缝针穿出结肠壁引导钉座中心杆穿透结肠壁,靠近钉座处上直线切割闭合器,离断乙状结肠,并将钉座固定于近端乙状结肠内。经肛门置入卵圆钳,远端直肠外翻拉出体外,行直肠远端、乙状结肠吻合。结果:16例手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,手术时间平均(158.0±32.0)min,术中出血量平均(80.0±18.0)ml,术后肛门排气时间平均(2.1±0.3)d,术后平均住院(9.2±1.6)d,未发生吻合口漏、狭窄。术后随访3~56个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。结论:全腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中采用新荷包技术联合经肛门外翻切除标本是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术

于2020-04-24全身麻醉下行腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术(低位直肠前切除术)。探查腹腔无远处转移后提起乙状结肠系膜,超声刀游离出肠系膜下动脉。肠系膜下静脉,分别结扎切断。继续游离乙状结肠以及直肠,游离直肠后间隙,于肿瘤下方使用腔镜下直线切割吻合器切断直肠。再切断肿瘤上方乙状结肠。使用管型吻合器作直肠-乙状结肠端端吻合。切除直肠上段以及部分乙状结肠。     

敞开式缝吊荷包法在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

观察敞开式缝吊荷包法在低位直肠癌保肛术中的临床应用效果,为低位直肠癌保肛手术提供一种方便有效的远端直肠荷包缝合法。对32例低位直肠癌患者采用敞开式缝吊荷包法行低位直肠癌保肛术治疗。按TME原则应用电刀锐性游离直肠至肛提肌水平,于直肠肿瘤下缘左右侧壁用4号丝线各缝扎一道作指示线。于指示线水平的直肠前壁开始边切边缝吊向左右侧切开直肠壁,至直肠后壁时将直肠壁与直肠系膜分离,将直肠系膜继续向远端游离5cm。完整去除直肠肿瘤和直肠系膜。提起远端直肠缝吊线,用荷包线于直肠断端作一锁边荷包。自肛门将32mm环状吻合器器身置入直肠,中心杆自直肠断端荷包中央突出,收紧荷包线后结扎。再次检查以保证吻合口内肠壁无多余脂肪组织后与放置于乙状结肠的抵钉座结合。此后按环状吻合器吻合操作常规行乙状结肠直肠端端吻合。结果32例手术均成功。除2例低分化腺癌外,在远切缘处未发现残留癌组织。术后无吻合口漏发生。所有患者术后3个月经结肠镜复查吻合口无肿瘤复发。结果表明,该法是一种可靠的低位直肠癌保肛术中远端直肠荷包缝合法,其优点：（1）既保证切缘无癌残留又可提高保肛成功率;（2）可保证完整去除肿瘤远端5cm的直肠系膜,达到TME标准;（3）减少吻合口漏的发生;（4）操作方便,出血少。     

腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术的分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术的疗效及可行性.方法:回顾分析26例腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治手术的临床资料.结果:23例低位直肠癌患者顺利完成手术,平均手术时间210 min,平均出血180 mL,术后肠道功能平均恢复时间56h,平均住院9.5 d;手术切除淋巴结平均为15.6个,无术后出血、吻合口瘘、死亡发生;术后随访6～24个月,Trocar及小切口处未见肿瘤种植转移,1例复发.3例中转开腹,其中1例术后随访24个月未见肿瘤转移,2例分别于术后10,13个月死于肿瘤广泛转移导致的全身衰竭.结论:腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术患者创伤轻、出血少、胃肠功能恢复快、术后疼痛轻、美学效果好等优点,且能达到根治的要求.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床分析（附45例报告）

目的：总结行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床经验。方法：回顾分析2003年5月至2007年5月45例行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料。其中右半结肠癌8例，左半结肠癌5例，乙状结肠癌20例，直肠癌12例。按传统根治术的要求术中使用超声刀或同时用结扎束游离结肠或直肠及其相应的肠系膜和淋巴、脂肪等组织。结肠癌根治术：在腹部左侧或右侧做5cm的辅助切口，腹腔外行肠切除和肠吻合。低位直肠癌行Miles手术者在充分游离乙状结肠和直肠后，在左下腹做辅助性小切口（乙状结肠造口处），切断乙状结肠后，腹部手术组行乙状结肠造口，会阴手术组经会阴行直肠切除术。结果：手助腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术6例，左半结肠癌根治术3例，乙状结肠癌、直肠中上段癌根治术20例，腹会阴联合直肠切除术6例。腹腔镜手术35例，中转开腹10例，中转率22．2％。无死亡病例。手术时间120～280min，平均180min；出血50～100ml，平均80ml。术后随访6～36个月，平均18个月。8例肿瘤复发、转移死亡，复发率22．9％。未发现腹壁小切口和穿刺孔转移。结论：依据结直肠肿瘤分期和部位选择合适的病例，用腹腔镜完成微创手术安全可行，可以达到根治目的。     

腹腔镜辅助下结直肠癌根治术40例

目的总结腹腔镜辅助下结直肠癌根治术的经验. 方法经腹腔镜行结直肠癌根治术40例,Dukes A期21例,B期16例,C期3例.其中盲肠癌2例,升结肠癌4例,乙状结肠癌13例,直肠癌21例. 结果 40例均完成腹腔镜辅助手术,手术时间(110.8±23.5)min,术中出血量(150.4±23.2)ml.术后(12.2±3.8)h离床活动,(39.3±4.2)h肛门排气,随访2～72个月,平均38.5个月,除1例拒绝化疗,1年后肿瘤复发外,其余均未见肿瘤转移、局部复发、trocar处及小切口处肿瘤种植. 结论 Dukes分期A、B、C期的结直肠癌可行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术.可以达到恶性肿瘤根治性手术的淋巴结廓清.     

经肛拖出式直肠乙状结肠吻合在完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨经肛拖出式直肠乙状结肠吻合完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年6月采用拖出式吻合行完全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术22例的临床资料,遵循全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)原则,充分游离直肠后,经肛将远端直肠外翻拉出体外切除标本,采用反穿刺技术将抵钉座置入近端乙状结肠,完成直肠乙状结肠吻合。结果本组均于腹腔镜下顺利完成Dixon手术,无中转开腹。手术时间160～220 min(平均186 min),置入抵钉座时间12～18 min(平均15 min),术中出血量60～150 ml(平均100 ml),术后住院时间7～11 d(平均9. 2 d)。切除标本远切缘均为阴性。术后未发生吻合口漏、狭窄、出血等并发症,随访5～8个月,未发现肿瘤复发及远处转移。结论采用拖出式吻合施行完全腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术,能够保证足够的下切缘,无腹部辅助切口,安全可行。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术80例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性和安全性。方法2004年3月～2008年1月,施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术80例。遵循肿瘤根治原则,切除肿瘤两端足够的肠管及相应的系膜并清扫淋巴脂肪组织,直肠低位前切除（Dixon）术在腹腔镜下完成吻合术,Miles术行乙状结肠造口。结果中转开腹4例,其余76例均完成腹腔镜手术。其中Dixon术44例,手术时间（178±38）min,术中出血（61±17）ml,切除淋巴结数（11.3±2.9）枚,术后住院时间（7.1±3.2）d;Miles术32例,手术时间（231±49）min,术中出血（210±178）ml,切除淋巴结数（12.9±3.7）枚,术后住院时间（9.3±4.1）d。所有标本远近切缘无癌残留。术后人工造口狭窄1例,会阴部切口积液5例,吻合口漏1例,早期排尿困难6例。无术后出血、手术死亡等并发症。70例随访9～48个月,5例肿瘤复发,2例术后死于肿瘤多处转移造成脏器功能衰竭,粘连性肠梗阻5例。结论在严格掌握适应证和丰富的开腹大肠癌手术经验和熟练的腹腔镜手术技术的基础上,腹腔镜直肠肿瘤根治手术是安全可行的。     

不同吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的对比研究

目的:探讨各种吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2003～2010年腹腔镜下利用不同吻合技术施行52例低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料。结果:52例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,术后肠管切缘病理切片均无癌浸润,其中利用双吻合器吻合技术12例,腹腔镜下荷包缝合直肠残端用吻合器完成结直肠吻合16例,肛门外拖出直肠远端闭合再用吻合器完成结直肠吻合14例,经肛门拖出式手工吻合10例。结论:消化道吻合技术是腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的技术难点,掌握不同的吻合技术可缩短腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术的学习曲线,提高保肛率。     

反穿刺技术在完全腹腔镜结直肠切除术中的应用

目的:探讨反穿刺技术在全腹腔镜结直肠手术中的应用及其可行性、安全性、短期疗效。方法:2013年2月至2013年7月利用反穿刺技术完成全腹腔镜乙状结肠癌切除吻合术7例、全腹腔镜直肠癌切除吻合术(前切除术)10例、全腹腔镜直肠脱垂复位加固定术2例、子宫内膜异位症1例。术中通过主操作孔将吻合器钉砧放入腹腔,应用反穿刺技术将钉砧置入吻合肠管的近端,在腹腔内完成病变肠段的切除,近端结肠与远端直肠的端端吻合,标本经自然腔道或在随后的腹部手术时取出。结果:20例患者均顺利完成完全腹腔镜手术,手术时间140~300 min,平均(210±32.8)min;术中出血量20~100 ml,平均(50±17.6)ml;术后住院5~12 d,平均(7.8±1.36)d。术后发生主操作孔感染1例,均未发生腹腔感染、吻合口漏、吻合口出血及吻合口狭窄。术后随访3~6个月,无远处转移、复发、肛门失禁等。结论:利用反穿刺技术可完成腹腔镜结直肠手术中近端结肠-远端直肠的吻合,如病灶可经自然腔道取出,则可免去腹壁的辅助切口,完成完全腹腔镜手术。利用反穿刺技术行肠管吻合是安全、可行的,掌握一定的手术适应证,其临床治疗效果较满意。     

Safety of laparoscopic intracorporeal rectal transection with double-stapling technique anastomosis

To assess the feasibility and analyze the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic intracorporeal rectal transection with double-stapling technique anastomosis, a review was performed of a prospective registry of 67 patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and anterior resection with intracorporeal rectal transection and double-stapling technique anastomosis between July 2001 and January 2004. Patients were divided into 3 groups: sigmoid colon/rectosigmoid carcinoma, upper rectal carcinoma, and middle/lower rectal carcinoma. A comparison was made of the short-term outcomes among the groups. The number of cartridges required in bowel transection was significantly increased in patients with middle/lower rectal carcinoma, and significant differences were observed in the length of the first stapler cartridge fired for rectal transection. Furthermore, mean operative time and blood loss were also significantly greater in the middle/lower rectum group; however, complication rates and postoperative course were similar among the 3 groups. No anastomotic leakage was observed. Laparoscopic intracorporeal rectal transection with double-stapling technique anastomosis can be performed safely without increased morbidity or mortality.     

低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择

目的 对低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择方法进行探讨.方法 2003年1月至2008年1月期间,对137例低位直肠癌按无瘤原则行保肛术,术中将血供良好的结肠断端无张力拉下吻合,恢复肠道肛管的连续性.结果 行双吻合器低位前切除术102例中,91例直肠癌基底距肛缘6～8 cm,11例直肠癌基底距肛缘5～6 cm,后者肿瘤均位于直肠后壁;行Parks术或改良Bacon术35例中,直肠癌基底距肛缘均为5～6 cm.Parks术19例均为乙状结肠与肛管吻合;改良Bacon术16例均行降结肠经肛管拖出手术.结论 对肿瘤基底距肛缘6～8 cm和少数较瘦患者、基底距肛缘5～6 cm、且肿块位于直肠后壁的低位直肠癌可以采用双吻合器低位前切除术.对肿瘤基底距肛缘5～6 cm的低位直肠癌,可以行Parks术或改良Bacon术,其中乙状结肠较长时可以行乙状结肠与肛管吻合的Parks术;乙状结肠长度不够时可以游离结肠脾曲或左半结肠,行降结肠经肛管拉出的改良Bacon术.     

腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的应用体会

目的：探讨腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年6月间在河南大学淮河医院接受改良法腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的26例患者的临床资料。按全直肠系膜切除理念清扫淋巴结和游离结直肠后,在距肿瘤远侧2 cm处以直线切割闭合器切断闭合肠管,组织钳夹将游离的远端直肠经肛门外翻拖出后敞开,标本经保护套从肛门拖出,体外切除标本后在腹腔镜引导下完成吻合。结果26例患者手术均获成功。手术时间（126±35） min,术中出血（33±61） ml,清扫淋巴结（17.0±5．6）枚,术后排气时间（2．7±1．3） d,术后住院时间（7．9±2．6） d,术后发生吻合口出血1例。结论腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全可行。     

Laparoscopic sigmoid and rectal resection using an electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colonic resection has gained popularity as a method to treat colonic diseases. The electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer (EBVS; LigaSure Atlas) is a modern device that allows the secure sealing of vessels with a diameter of up to 7 mm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of the device for laparoscopic colonic surgery. METHODS: The immediate outcome of 114 consecutive patients who underwent a sigmoid or rectal resection was prospectively analyzed. The intention was to perform all operations with the EBVS for dissection and ligation of the mesenterial vessels. Details on patient characteristics, peroperative and postoperative complications, and postoperative recovery were recorded prospectively and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patients were scheduled for elective left-sided colonic or rectal resection. Massive intra-abdominal adhesions in 1 patient required a conversion of the laparoscopic procedure to an open one; In total, 113 laparoscopic operations were thus performed. The mean operative time was 87.7 +/- 2.8 minutes, and the mean time for patients to tolerate solid food was 3.4 +/- 0.1 days and the time to discharge from hospital was 4.6 +/- 0.2 days. There were nine (8.0%) general complications, and additionally, 10.6% of patients suffered from surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: The electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer is suitable and safe for laparoscopic sigmoid and rectal resections. The use of the device probably reduces the operative time.     

V6The feasibility of laparoscopic rectal resection for cancer

Introduction:  Total mesorectal excision (TME) has offered the lowest recurrence rates and best survival in rectal cancer patients. Recently several multi-centre trials have demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopic colonic resections for cancer. However the technical difficulties and lack of supporting data has prevented surgeons from attempting laparoscopic TME for operable rectal cancer. We present a video demonstration of lap TME technique performed at our unit for rectal cancer resections.
Methods:  The surgical technique involves using two 10 mm and two 5 mm ports to perform rectal resections. Adherence to advanced oncological principles like high tie of IMA and IMV is the rule. Splenic flexure is routinely mobilised for mid to low rectal cancers. Total mesorectal excision is performed using diathermy hook. Rectal washout is performed before transection of the rectum using lap stapler device.
Results:  Between October 2006–December 2007, 30 rectal cancers have been operated laparoscopically at our institution using this technique. There were four APER and 26 anterior resections. The median age was 72 years with a median BMI of 25. Median operative time was 235 min with a median hospital stay of 7 days. There were no leaks.
Conclusions:  With proper training and experience, laparoscopic rectal cancer resection is technically feasible and safe to perform with good oncological outcomes.     

直肠拉出切除术治疗低位直肠癌的系列改进

为了提高Ｂａｃｏｎ式直肠拉出切除术后患者的排便控制能力,免去二期手术切除拉出结肠,作者对Ｂａｃｏｎ手术进行了４次改进。第一次保留了肛提肌,第二次保留了齿线和肛管移行区（肛管感觉）,从而大大提高了排便控制能力;第三次改进简化了经肛门的切除操作。第四次改进将拟拉出的结肠端肠管环扎于螺纹内支撑管上,以替代结肠拉出,转流粪便。当环扎线远端肠管坏死脱落时,近侧肠管已与肛管内创面和盆壁靠拢愈合。这就免去二期手术切除肛门外结肠,从而缩短住院期,减轻了患者的痛苦和经济负担。本手术适应于在切除足够的癌远端肠管和周围组织后,肛提肌上剩余直肠不足１ｃｍ,很难经腹腔吻合的低位癌;从而扩大了保肛手术的适应范围。本手术是Ｐａｒｋｓ手术一种很好的替代。     

Totally laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy: a simple and safe technique for intracorporeal anastomosis

Background

Current techniques of laparoscopic colectomy require an abdominal incision for extraction of the specimen. Although this incision is smaller than that for open laparotomy incision, it may reduce the advantages of laparoscopic surgery. In totally laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy, intracorporeal anastomosis is technically difficult. A safe and simple technique for circularly stapled intracorporeal anastomosis is described.

Methods

After mobilization of the colon and division of the mesentery, a semicircumferential colotomy is made at the anterior colonic wall just proximal to the transection site. The anvil of a circular stapling device, secured with a Prolene suture, is introduced via the colotomy. The suture is advanced anteriorly so that the center rod of the circular stapling device penetrates the colonic wall. The colon is staple-transected at this point to secure the anvil on the proximal colon. A grasping forceps is brought through the rectum, and the specimen is extracted through the colotomy made at the distal staple line. After the colotomy is reclosed with a linear stapler, anastomosis is established using a hemidouble stapling technique.

Results

Totally laparoscopic sigmoid colectomies were performed for 16 patients with colon cancers. All the patients were treated laparoscopically without any complications. The average operation time was 180 min. Although one patient experienced wound infection, no major complications occurred. There was no mortality in this series.

Conclusions

The procedure of totally intracorporeal anastomosis combined with transanal extraction of the specimen can be performed easily, enabling surgeons to achieve minimal invasiveness comparable with that of hybrid natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).     

免辅助切口腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除术的术式设计及应用

目的:设计免辅助切口腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除术的术式,探讨手术方法、适应证及安全性、应用价值。方法:回顾分析为2例患者行免辅助切口腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除术的临床资料,术中均按无瘤及无菌要求施术,标本经自制肛门转换器取出。结果:2例乙状结肠肿瘤患者均成功施行免辅助切口腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除术,术后患者康复快,肛门排便功能正常,随访0.5～1年,均无复发。结论:免辅助切口腹腔镜乙状结肠切除术符合现代微创外科的要求,近期疗效良好,美容效果满意,具有临床实用价值,远期疗效尚待进一步研究。