Pre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigation

Objective/Hypothesis: Endoscopic sinus surgery is an accepted treatment for medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Effective saline douching may improve long‐term outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis but is often impaired by postoperative ostial stenosis. The aim of this study is to determine a critical ostial size at which douching solution reliably enters the sinus cavities. Study Design: Prospective study of consecutive patient cohort. Methods: Seventeen preoperative or well‐healed postoperative endoscopic sinus surgery patients were irrigated with 5 mL blue food coloring mixed with 200 mL buffered saline from a squeeze bottle. The degree of sinus penetration, sinus ostial patency, and ostial size were endoscopically determined. Results: Sinuses penetrated by blue dye had a significantly larger minimal ostial dimension (7.31 mm; 95% confidence interval 5.54–9.08) than those that had no blue dye penetration (1.26 mm; 95% confidence interval 0.86–1.66) as determined by Student t test. Chi‐square analysis showed that operated sinuses were more likely to be penetrated than nonoperated sinuses (P = .0016) and obstructed sinuses (P = .0325). Logistic regression showed a 95% probability of penetration when the minimum ostial dimension is 3.95 mm or greater. Conclusions: Unoperated sinuses or cases with gross sinus ostial obstruction will not be reliably penetrated by sinus irrigant. A 3.95‐mm ostial diameter seems to be the minimum size to guarantee penetration in paranasal sinuses to maximize the potential for topical sinus treatment.     

Clinical study and literature review of nasal irrigation

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal disease, including chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis, is a significant source of morbidity. Nasal irrigation has been used as an adjunctive treatment of sinonasal disease. However, despite an abundance of anecdotal reports, there has been little statistical evidence to support its efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the use of pulsatile hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in the treatment of sinonasal disease. Study DESIGN: A prospective controlled clinical study. METHODS: Two hundred eleven patients from the University of California, San Diego (San Diego, CA) Nasal Dysfunction Clinic with sinonasal disease (including allergic rhinitis, aging rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, and postnasal drip) and 20 disease-free control subjects were enrolled. Patients irrigated their nasal cavities using hypertonic saline delivered by a Water Pik device using a commercially available nasal adapter twice daily for 3 to 6 weeks. Patients rated nasal disease-specific symptoms and completed a self-administered quality of well-being questionnaire before intervention and at follow-up. RESULTS: Patients who used nasal irrigation for the treatment of sinonasal disease experienced statistically significant improvements in 23 of the 30 nasal symptoms queried. Improvement was also measured in the global assessment of health status using the Quality of Well-Being scale. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal irrigation is effective in improving symptoms and the health status of patients with sinonasal disease.     

布地奈德联合生理盐水鼻腔冲洗对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效及对鼻腔分泌物IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨布地奈德联合生理盐水鼻腔冲洗对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)的疗效及对鼻腔分泌物白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的影响。 方法 研究对象选自2016年2月至2017年5月收治的128例CRS患者,采取随机数字表将其分成两组,每组64例。对照组给予生理盐水鼻腔冲洗,观察组在生理盐水中加入布地奈德混悬液,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后鼻腔分泌物IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平变化情况以及患侧鼻腔Lund-Kennedy评分、鼻窦CT评分变化情况。 结果 经过4周治疗,观察组总有效率为93.75%(60/64),与对照组71.88%(46/64)相比明显上升(P<0.01)。治疗后两组患侧鼻腔Lund-Kennedy评分、鼻窦CT评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),但观察组评分下降更明显(P<0.01)。治疗后两组鼻腔分泌物IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),但观察组各项炎性因子水平降低更明显(P<0.01)。两组治疗过程中均未出现明显不良反应。 结论 布地奈德联合生理盐水鼻腔冲洗治疗CRS可显著缓解鼻腔炎症反应,改善鼻腔充血、肿胀等症状,疗效确切。     

Nasal lavage with mupirocin for the treatment of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis

Objectives/Hypothesis: To examine the efficacy and tolerability of topical mupirocin for the management of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Study Design: Prospective open-label pilot study. Methods: Patients with surgically recalcitrant CRS who had positive nasendoscopically guided cultures for Staphylococcus aureus were treated with twice daily nasal lavages containing 0.05% Mupirocin and lactated ringers salts. The duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Patients were assessed before and after treatment in terms of nasendoscopic findings, microbiology results, and Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) and visual analogue scale questionnaires. Results: Fifteen of 16 patients had improved nasendoscopic findings after treatment. Twelve of 16 patients noted overall symptom improvement. Fifteen of 16 patients had negative swab results for Staphylococcus aureus after treatment. Only minimal adverse effects were experienced. Conclusions: Nasal Lavage with 0.05% Mupirocin may represent an effective and well tolerated alternative treatment for postsurgical recalcitrant CRS.     

两性霉素B鼻腔冲洗在非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎术后的应用

目的观察在鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎后，应用0．05％两性霉素B冲洗鼻腔的临床效果。方法鼻内镜手术治疗的非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎患者16例，术后常规生理盐水冲洗鼻腔，临床症状改善不满意，术腔黏膜恢复不良，后改用0．05％两性霉素B冲洗鼻腔。结果随访6个月～2年，14例术腔上皮化，症状缓解或消失，2例术腔未上皮化，症状不能缓解，有效率87．5％。结论对于非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎术后恢复不良的患者给与两性霉素B冲洗鼻腔，能促进术腔黏膜上皮化，可作为降低患者术后复发率的一种治疗方法。     

优质护理应用于鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉中的价值研究

目的观察优质护理应用于鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉中的价值。方法选取2018年4月~2019年4月在我院就诊的68例鼻内镜下手术治疗的鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者,随机分为优质护理的观察组与常规护理的对照组,各34例。结果与对照组相比,观察组并发症发生率低,术后恢复时间短,P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论给予鼻内镜下手术治疗的鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者优质护理,能降低并发症发生率,促进术后恢复,值得借鉴。     

Effect of topical nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific recurrent / chronic pharyngitis - a trial study

Objective  Non-Specific Chronic/Recurrent Pharyngitis is a diagnosis with no definite effective treatment. An array of drugs and therapies has been tried from local applications like Mandl’s paint and throat gargles to anxiolytics. None have proved of therapeutic benefit. This trial study is a Pilot study of its kind in to the effectiveness of nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis. This is a prospective randomized study. Setting  Study done in medical college with ambulatory patients centre. Patients  53 patients were taken up for the study though only 42 could be followed up for a period of 1–2.5 years. Selection done on the basis of symptoms avoiding extreme age groups and subjective persistent relief was central to be considered proof of effectiveness of the treatment. Fluticasone Nasal Spray was used in the study. Results  35 patients (83.3%) reported some degree of relief in symptoms. 68% had >90% relief of symptoms with only a total of 1–2 sprays. There were 7 failures. Side effects were negligible. Conclusion  Nasal steroid spray is therefore recommended as a most cost-effective, safe treatment method for well-selected cases of Chronic Non-Specific Pharyngitis.     

鼻腔冲洗治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的：比较鼻腔冲洗及鼻用激素治疗对变应性鼻炎（AR）患者鼻部症状及气道炎症相关指标的影响,探讨鼻腔冲洗在AR治疗中的意义。方法：将61例经变应原皮肤点刺试验诊断为AR的患者随机分为3组：A组17例（单纯鼻用激素治疗）,B组21例（单纯鼻腔冲洗）,C组23例（鼻腔冲洗联合鼻用激素）。观察各组治疗前、治疗3个月后鼻部症状视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和鼻炎结膜炎生活质量（RQLQ）评分及下气道呼出气一氧化氮（FENO）值。结果：3组患者治疗前VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性。治疗3个月后3组患者VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值均明显降低（P〈0.05）。治疗3个月后3项指标减少差值比较,VAS、RQLQ评分3组间差异无统计学意义,FENO值A、C组与B组比较均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：鼻腔冲洗能改善AR患者的鼻部症状,提高患者的生活质量,降低下气道炎症。鼻腔冲洗治疗AR有效,与鼻用激素联合使用能取得更明显的效果。     

Postoperative application of amphotericin B nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis,with a review of the antifungal therapy

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 1–4% of the adult population. The etiology of this multifactorial, chronic disease, which leads to a significant impairment of the quality of life, often accompanied by nasal polyposis, is not fully understood. In the past decade, it was presumed that the disease, which causes characteristic eosinophilic infiltration of the nasal mucosa, is triggered by an enhanced (but not classical allergic IgE-type) immune response against fungal organisms in the nasal mucus. If this supposition is correct, then it appears obvious that the administration of amphotericin B nasal spray in adequate concentration following endoscopic polypectomy should be advantageous for these patients, and might even reduce the number of recurrent cases. To check on this assumption, we conducted a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 33 patients, 30 of whom remained in the study throughout. Patients with nasal polyposis were operated on with an endoscopic technique between 1 November 2005 and 1 October 2006; group A (14 randomly selected patients) were treated with a nasal spray containing 5 mg/ml amphotericin B, while the placebo group B (16 randomly selected patients) received a nasal spray lacking amphotericin B. We evaluated our results with the aid of a modified Lund–Mackay CT score, the SNAQ-11 test (which assesses changes in the symptoms), a quality of life test and endoscopy. The SPSS 14.0 for Windows program was utilized to process the data of examinations performed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The CT scores of the group A patients 1 year after the operation exhibited wide scattering, without signs of recovery. The CT scores of the group B patients indicated a slight improvement, though this did not prove significant relative to group A. Both the SNAQ-11 test and the quality of life test revealed a significant improvement in each group, but the degrees of change in these tests did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. The endoscopic findings indicated a slight improvement to the advantage of the amphotericin B-treated group 12 months after the operation. These results lead to the conclusion that the administration of amphotericin B nasal spray to patients operated on for nasal polyposis does not give rise to a significant alteration in either CT score, clinical symptoms, or quality of life. The more favorable clinical aspects observed in the amphotericin B-treated group during the endoscopic follow-up did not correspond to an improvement in the symptoms. In connection with the conclusions drawn from this study, the authors discuss the controversial data available on the fungal etiology of CRS. They critically analyze the contradictory observations and conclusions of seven recent clinical studies.     

中药鼻腔冲洗治疗慢性鼻窦炎术后有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价近10年中药鼻腔冲洗治疗慢性鼻窦炎术后的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 以中药冲洗、慢性鼻窦炎以及随机对照试验等为检索主题,检索近10年各大中英文数据库:Pubmed、Web of science、The Cochrane Library、Embase和中国知网、万方数据库、维普、中国生物医学数据库等关于以中药冲洗鼻腔为干预措施治疗慢性鼻窦炎术后的随机对照试验,严格按照纳入及排除标准对文献进行筛选,并进行质量评估,使用R软件进行分析。结果纳入47个随机对照实验,分3个研究组参与Meta分析。 结果 中药鼻腔冲洗组的总有效率、治愈率较生理盐水冲洗组、空白组的更高;在症状评分上,中药冲洗组的VAS评分优于其余对照组,中药冲洗组较西药冲洗组、空白对照组能更好地降低鼻塞、嗅觉减退的症状评分,中药冲洗组较盐水冲洗组、空白对照组能更好地降低流涕症状评分,中药冲洗组较盐水冲洗组、西药冲洗组、空白对照组在降低头面胀痛症状评分上差异无统计学意义;在客观评价上,中药冲洗组在促进术后术腔上皮化、Lund-Kennedy内镜评分、鼻黏膜纤毛传输速率上均优于对照组。11篇文献进行了安全性报道,均未发生不良反应事件。 结论 中药鼻腔冲洗治疗慢性鼻窦炎术后疗效显著,优于等渗生理盐水冲洗、抗生素、激素溶液冲洗等,具有进一步临床推广价值。     

鼻腔冲洗在儿童鼻炎及鼻窦炎治疗中的应用发展

儿童鼻-鼻窦炎在儿科是一种常见疾病,有其自身特点,除进行药物治疗,同时鼻腔冲洗也是一种保持鼻腔清洁、减轻鼻黏膜炎症反应的有效方法,可以广泛应用于各种儿童鼻腔、鼻窦炎性疾病,包括急性和慢性鼻窦炎、变应性及非变应性鼻炎、非特定性鼻腔症状等。儿童鼻腔冲洗液的选择、鼻冲洗装置的选择有其区别于成人的特点。由于该方法临床运用有效,操作简便,是一种为儿童易于接受的治疗方法,具有良好的安全性和耐受性。本文就鼻腔冲洗在儿童鼻炎及鼻-鼻窦炎治疗中的应用发展做一综述。     

鼻腔冲洗应用研究新进展

鼻腔冲洗用于鼻腔疾病的治疗已有数百年的历史,无论是中药药液还是西药药液冲洗鼻腔,临床效果是肯定的。本文对应用不同浓度盐水及药物进行鼻腔冲洗的研究进行综述。     

鼻内镜修正手术治疗80例复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的病例分析

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉复发的原因，提高修正手术的疗效。方法复习我院2004年以来对复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉Ⅲ期80例修正手术病例的治疗体会，术前术后的综合治疗，术后随访6个月～1年半。结果80例复发病例经鼻内镜修正手术治疗后，随访一年以上，治愈42例，好转20例，无效18例，修正手术的有效率为77．5％，无严重的并发症发生。结论熟悉鼻内镜手术的应用解剖，熟练的手术操作技巧，特别是对几个容易引起复发的部位的处理得当，以及术后定期合理的鼻内镜随访是预防和减少复发的重要因素。     

鼻腔冲洗在变应性鼻炎治疗中的临床疗效

目的分析变应性鼻炎(AR)患者接受鼻腔冲洗治疗的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月~2020年8月作为研究时间段,选取期间我院接诊的78例AR患者,另将随机数字表法作为分组依据,将全部病例分为对照组(行常规治疗,纳入39例)、研究组(加用鼻腔冲洗治疗,纳入39例),对组间气道反应性、症状消失时间展开分析。结果(1)组间气道反应性指标在治疗前无明显差异,P>0.05;研究组共振频率(Fres)、中心气道阻力(R20)、气道总阻力(R5)在治疗后低于对照组,P<0.05;(2)研究组鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒消失时间均少于对照组,P<0.05。结论鼻腔冲洗对改善AR患者气道反应、临床症状均有明显效果,值得推广。