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1.
Surgical Pathology of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The surgical pathology of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms is most accurately based on radical resection specimens rather than on small biopsies, which may be highly misleading. A review of the neuropathology files at NYU Medical Center revealed 294 surgical specimens of intramedullary cord lesions examined between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1998. Of these 117 were from children (age less than 21 years) and 177 were from adults (21 and over). While most types of central nervous system tumors known to occur in the brain also occur in the spinal cord, the different proportions of these tumors by histologic type, and the differences in the proportions of tumor types in children compared to adults, are both significant. In adults ependymomas are the predominant tumor type (93 total) while in children astrocytomas and mixed neuronal-glial tumors are virtually equally common and outnumber ependymomas. In this period no cord Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors were identified. Among the astrocytic neoplasms and other gliomas, high grade tumors were distinctly uncommon in children and only slightly more common in adults, in sharp contrast with the brain, where the majority of adult intra-axial tumors are high grade.  相似文献   

2.
Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas are uncommon tumors. They are the most common spinal cord tumor in children and in adults are second only to ependymomas in frequency of occurrence. Low-grade histology predominates with high-grade lesions comprising only ten to fifteen percent of pediatric tumors and a slightly higher proportion in adults. Presenting symptoms typically evolve over months to years with regional back pain the most commonly reported initial complaint. Malignant tumors produce rapid neurological deterioration. MRI is the diagnostic modality of choice: spinal cord astrocytomas are iso- to slightly hypointense on T1, hyperintense on T2 and commonly have associated cysts. They enhance less intensely and are more eccentric than ependymomas. The goals of surgical intervention are to obtain a tissue diagnosis and resect as much tumor as possible without adversely affecting neurological function. Astrocytomas are infiltrating neoplasms and total resection is not generally possible. Somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring are routinely used but it is unclear if they improve outcomes. The operating microscope and bipolar cautery are essential surgical tools; the ultrasound and ultrasonic surgical aspirator are useful surgical adjuncts. Laminectomy is performed on adults while laminoplasty is favored for pediatric patients. Outcome for low-grade astrocytomas is less favorable than that of ependymomas with regard to both recurrence and function though many have prolonged survival. There is no correlation of extent of resection and recurrence. Outcome for high-grade tumors is extremely poor; tumor progression is relentless; median survival is thirteen months in children and six months in adults.  相似文献   

3.
Primary Intramedullary Spinal Cord Germinoma: Case Report   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We describe an 18-year-old male with an intramedullary spinal cord germinoma in whom the diagnosis was made two years after onset of a progressive myelopathy. Spinal cord germinomas are rare, most having been described in young Japanese adults. They often respond well to radiotherapy. A unique feature of this case was the prolonged time interval between onset of the patient's symptoms and ability to visualize the mass radiographically. A further interesting finding was the infiltrative nature of the tumor surrounding residual spinal cord neurons.  相似文献   

4.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The advent of MRI has significantly changed the diagnosis of spinal cord tumors. Standard imaging provides excellent localization and characterization of the tumor in a noninvasive fashion. Exact histologic diagnosis of the two most common tumors, ependymoma and astrocytoma, remains elusive but there are some suggestive imaging characteristics. It is hoped that some of the newer MR imaging sequences will improve characterization of the tumor and thereby influence therapy. Several of these pulse sequences are already used routinely in brain imaging. Evaluation of new imaging sequences in the spine has lagged behind brain MR imaging, mainly due to technical factors. Work on animal spine models and extrapolation from brain imaging studies suggest that it is only a matter of time before some of these techniques become clinically relevant.  相似文献   

5.
Radiation Therapy and the Management of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The use of radiation therapy in the management of intramedullary spinal cord tumors remains controversial. Several studies indicate that the use of postoperative radiation therapy modestly improves both local control and survival in spinal cord ependymomas and astrocytomas. Modern treatment planning and imaging allow more accurate target definition and respect for related normal tissue tolerances.  相似文献   

6.
Summary We report a case of a 5 year old boy with a spinal cord ganglioglioma and hydrocephalus. The insidious onset with back stiffness and hamstring tightness, the diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging, and the treatment by total excision is described. An adequate proven explanation for the hydrocephalus is lacking. Mechanisms which have been proposed include impaired cerebrospinal fluid absorption from increased cerebrospinal fluid protein, and arachnoiditis.  相似文献   

7.
Summary Primary germinomas in the spinal cord are very rare with only 15 cases published previously. In this case a 22-year-old woman with urinary incontinence, lumbago, and bilateral leg pain and weakness was found to have a solid tumor in the conus medullaris between the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies. Serum HCG was elevated without pregnancy. The pathological diagnosis was mixed germinoma and choriocarcinoma of the intramedullary spinal cord. She received craninospinal irradiation and three courses of chemotherapy and is currently asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence and metastasis 22 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with a primary mixed germinoma and choriocarcinoma of the intramedullary spinal cord. The previous 15 cases of primary spinal cord germinoma have been reviewed for comparison.  相似文献   

8.
背景与目的:脊髓胶质瘤的治疗一直为临床难题,对分化良好的低级别髓内星形细胞瘤手术治疗依然可以取得良好效果,但分化差的高级别髓内星形细胞瘤或胶质母细胞瘤预后很差,放疗效果不确定。本文旨在探讨脊髓质瘤的治疗方法及预后。方法:本文总结了56例脊髓髓内胶质瘤的临床资料,对其病理类型、性别比例、年龄构成、发生部位、影像特征、手术技术、术中电生理监护、术后并发症、疗效预后等进行了讨论分析。结果:肿瘤近全切除及大部分切除为26例(46%),其余病例(54%)为部分切除或活检。55例患者行椎板切除减压,1例肿瘤边界清楚,镜下全切除肿瘤,术中行椎板复位。术后随访资料显示:星型细胞瘤Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,术中肿瘤边界相对清楚且近全切除的26例患者,术后3个月运动、感觉等功能有明显改善,其余肿瘤部分切除或活检的患者神经功能无显著改变。55例患者在术后3周至3个月内行普通放疗。脊髓圆锥部位的肿瘤,术后大小便困难发生率高达60%。结论:有相对边界的髓内星形细胞瘤手术治疗为最佳选择,术后辅助放疗,预后良好。恶性髓内胶质瘤手术以明确诊断,部分切除加脊髓减压为原则,手术难以改善神经功能状况,总的预后差。  相似文献   

9.
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Astrocytoma in Adults: Postoperative Outcome   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas are relatively rare and usually low-grade lesions with a long natural history. The rarity of the condition and its indolent clinical course has made the evaluation of treatment efficacy difficult. To clarify postoperative outcome and prognostic factors, we performed a retrospective analysis of intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas in a single institute. Twenty-eight patients were surgically treated between 1978 and 1999; of median age 36 years (range, 19–68 years); nineteen patients were males and nine females. All patients presented with pain and neurological deficits. The cervical cord was involved in fifteen patients, cervico-thoracic in five, thoracic in six and thoraco-lumbar in two. Gross total removal was performed in three patients, subtotal removal in six, partial removal in fourteen and biopsy only in five. Nineteen patients received radiation therapy postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 31.9 months (range, 0.5–184 months). Low-grade astrocytomas were found in 18 cases, anaplastic astrocytoma in three cases and glioblastomas in seven cases. The median survivals of patients with low- and high-grade astrocytoma were 184 months and 8 months, respectively (p < 0.05). The median survivals of irradiated and non-irradiated patients with low-grade astrocytoma were 184 months and 102 months. Neither the extent of resection, nor radiation influenced the survival rate. In summary, the histological grade was the most significant predictor of survival in patients with astrocytoma of the spinal cord.  相似文献   

10.
Aim:   This study describes the management of and outcomes for adult patients with newly diagnosed intramedullary spinal cord tumors during 1998–2000 in Victoria.
Methods:   The adult patients were identified in a retrospective cohort study conducted by surveying doctors involved in managing incident glioma cases identified from the population-based Victorian Cancer Registry.
Results:   Sixteen patients were considered eligible for this review. Of these 15 (94%) had a histological diagnosis: an ependymoma was diagnosed in 13 patients (81%). A complete macroscopic resection was achieved in eight patients (50%). A variety of tumor types and grades were observed with surgery and radiotherapy the mainstays of therapy. One patient received chemotherapy (7%). One patient died from disease within six months of diagnosis. Of the remaining 15 patients, all were alive at 5 years and 10 (63%) remain disease free.
Conclusion:   This review documents characteristics of a rare condition and suggests that, overall, prognosis is excellent.  相似文献   

11.
Summary We report the case of a 28-year-old young man who presented with progressive paraparesis and urinary incontinence. Initial spinal MR scans showed a sausage-like lesion that extended between L1 and S2. At surgery, an encapsulated intradural extramedullary tumor was removed en bloc. The initial histopathological diagnosis was ependymoma. The tumor recurred locally to double its original size only 4months later. After second surgery, 5100 cGy of local spinal radiation was given since the pathologist believed that the new tumor exhibited anaplastic features. Subsequently tumor recurred at T6-10 levels and later in the right parasellar region. Surgery was undertaken for both recurrences and radiation to whole spine and to whole brain respectively followed surgery. At 11months after the initial presentation, a new tumor was diagnosed at T11-T12 levels. After fifth surgery, chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin and vincristine was started. At this stage, review of all five surgical specimens by an outside neuropathologist was considered crucial. The new and correct histological diagnosis was germinoma. A new chemotherapy regimen targeted for germinoma was then started. The patient remains alive with no evidence of disease at 22months after initial presentation. Primary spinal germinomas are exceedingly rare. A review of the literature revealed only 14 biopsy-proven spinal germinoma cases. Our case is clearly unique in aggressivity of the tumor, a feature often unexpected for germinomas. This case proves that the dissemination risk may be very serious for germinomas and that the craniospinal radiation may be a more secure treatment mode.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Intramedullary ependymomas are rare tumors but comprise the majority of intramedullary glial neoplasms in the adult. These tumors are benign, slow-growing lesions which are optimally treated with gross-total surgical resection without adjuvant therapy. This objective can be attained safely in a majority, of patients. Post-operative functional outcome is related to pre-operative functional status. Hence, early diagnosis, prior to symptomatic progression, is critical to the successful treatment of these tumors. Adjuvant therapy is indicated for the rare malignant or disseminated tumor or following sub-total resection.  相似文献   

14.
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to spinal cord compression (SCC) in accordance with prospective protocol, providing a uniform approach to diagnosis, decision making concerning optimal treatment modality in any particular case of SCC, treatment performance and evaluation of treatment results. The SCC patients treated by radiation therapy are described.Materials and Methods: Patients with SCC were examined and treated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a neurologist, radiologist, oncologist, orthopedic surgeon, and neurosurgeon. Seventy-nine patients for whom radiation was recommended received a 30Gy radiation dose to a compression-causing mass and course of high dose dexamethasone. Three fractions of 5Gy and 5 fractions 3Gy each were delivered by Co60 or 8MV photon beam in 12 days. Treatment outcome was essentially evaluated by ambulation capabilities which were considered to be the main problem of SCC. Changes in other neurologic motor, sensory and autonomic disturbances were also evaluated.Results: Seventy-two percent of the patients were already non-ambulatory at diagnosis. The first symptom was motor deficiency in only 33% of them while in all other cases it was pain. Ambulation capability was the main prognosticator of treatment outcome; 90% of patients who were ambulatory before treatment remained so while 33% of the non-ambulatory patients regained their ability to walk. The grade of motor disturbance was also an important variable: among the non-ambulatory patients, 50% of the paretic but only 14% of the plegic ones became ambulatory. Overall, 51% of the study patients were ambulatory after undergoing radiation. The ambulatory state after treatment was the main predictor for survival.Conclusion: Close cooperation of a multidisciplinary team in diagnosis and treatment according to the above protocol enabled the achievement of good results of radiation treatment in SCC. Early diagnosis and early treatment should further enhance therapeutic outcome.  相似文献   

15.
Objective: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) of systemic cancer are rare. To date, patients with ISCM tend to benefit only to a limited extend from surgery and adjuvant therapy. Subject of this investigation is to assess predictive factors for surgical outcome and survival and to evaluate the value of surgical radicality in the treatment of ISCM. Patients and methods: Between 1990 and 2004, a series of 146 patients with intramedullary tumors underwent surgical treatment in our institution. Among these, 13 patients with intramedullary cancer metastases (7 adenocarcinomas, 3 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 sarcomas) were identified. Standard microsurgical removal of the ISCM was performed. Functional outcome was graded according to a standardized scale and factors influencing outcome and survival were statistically analyzed. Results: Median progression-free survival was 13 weeks and median overall survival was 31 weeks. In 5 patients (38) the intramedullary lesion was the initial manifestation of the malignant disease. All poorly differentiated carcinomas and all sarcomas were resected incompletely. Surgical radicality presented a negative predictive factor for functional outcome, increasing radicality leading to functional deterioration. Age, sex, tumor localization, surgical radicality and the presence of neoplastic meningeosis did not affect survival. Conclusion: Surgery of ISCM can be performed with an acceptable operative morbidity. Radicality depended on tumor histology. However, radical tumor removal did not affect survival and was correlated with a poor functional outcome. Therefore, complete surgical removal of ISCM should only be intended in patients in whom an unproblematic excision is feasible.  相似文献   

16.
The advent of molecular biology has provided tools to delineate genetic mutations that cause disease. Recently, several genetic mutations have been associated with intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Concurrently, advances in micro-neurosurgical techniques have significantly decreased the morbidity of surgical resection. In this review, we describe the current understanding of genetic mutations in sporadic and familial intramedullary spinal cord tumors. The future success of innovative gene therapy protocols may depend upon establishing a cause and effect relationship between these genetic mutations and disease progression. Successful gene therapy will also depend upon increasing the efficiency of gene therapy vector delivery.  相似文献   

17.
背景与目的:脊髓髓内肿瘤作为神经外科的一种常见疾病被广大神经外科医生所重视,其治疗效果随着显微外科技术的发展在近几年得到了较大的提高。通过总结我科近一年来收治的脊髓髓内肿瘤患者的治疗情况探讨治疗经验并评估其效果。方法:对我科2006~2007年经手术治疗的53例脊髓髓内肿瘤患者进行回顾性研究。对肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤部位、临床症状及体征、辅助检查、手术切除程度、术后疗效进行分析。结果:本组室管膜瘤49.1%,星形细胞瘤30.2%,脂肪瘤15.1%,血管母细胞瘤5.7%,本组总全切率为56.6%.次全切除率为30.2%,部分切除或活检率为13.2%,室管膜瘤全切率可达96%,无手术死亡患者。结论:通过早期诊断及早期显微手术治疗脊髓髓内肿瘤可以明显减轻患者症状,改善其生活质量,特别是对室管膜瘤及血管母细胞瘤大都可做到全切并且少有复发。  相似文献   

18.
脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗——附173例临床总结   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
背景与目的:随着神经影像技术,显微外科技术和术中监测手段的发展,大多数脊髓髓内肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗已成为现实。本研究旨在探讨显微外科手术治疗脊髓室管膜瘤的经验。方法:回顾性研究北京天坛医院神经外科脊柱脊髓组从2000年1月至2005年4月经显微外科手术治疗的髓内室管膜瘤173例,并分析其预后影响因素。结果:肿瘤全切除163例(94.2%),近全切除8例(4.6%),大部分切除2例(1.2%),出院3-6个月门诊随访好转142例(76.3%),余随访不全。结论:积极的显微外科治疗,争取全切是髓内室管膜瘤治疗的最佳选择,术前神经功能状况、肿瘤的性质与部位、手术技巧与切除程度等都是影响预后的重要因素。  相似文献   

19.
Summary Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma is a supratentorial tumor that typically occurs in infants below the age of 24 months. Rare tumors with the same radiological and histological characteristics have been described in older subjects. We report a case of desmoplastic ganglioglioma in a 12-year-old girl with a 13 years follow-up. The patient presented with an inaugural generalized seizure. CT scan demonstrated a large superficial parieto-occipital mass, attached to the dura with solid and cystic components. Surgical resection was macroscopically complete. No adjuvant treatment was given. Thirteen years after surgery, the patient is symptom free. Histological examination revealed a pleomorphic tumor involving the meningeal space and the cortex. Meningeal portion was made of neoplastic astrocytes enmeshed in a dense network of connective tissue. The cortical component showed abnormal neurons, tumoral astrocytes and small foci of poorly differentiated cells with rare mitoses. Our observation and the seven others found in the literature indicate that desmoplastic gangliogliomas can occur in children and even in young adults. Despite some worrisome radiological and histological features, these tumors should not be misdiagnosed as malignant glioma. Like infantile cases, non-infantile desmoplastic gangliogliomas seem to have a favorable prognosis without additional therapy, if a total surgical resection can be performed.  相似文献   

20.
The management of low-grade intramedullary astrocytomas is controversial. Unlike ependymomas, which have a distinct cleavage plane, astrocytomas are diffuse infiltrative tumors. The intramedullary tumor database at NYU Medical Center was searched to identify all patients with intramedullary astrocytoma from 1988 to 1994. Seventeen patients presented with a low-grade diffuse astrocytoma. The medical, surgical and office records were reviewed retrospectively and statistically analyzed. All patients underwent a radical resection of the intramedullary tumor; of these, 12 patients had gross-total removal and 5 had subtotal removal. Nine patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 7.4 years. Fourteen patients are alive and have stable disease. Eleven patients (79%) are functionally independent at last follow-up. The remaining patients are at functional Grade III. The 5-year overall survival was 82% for this group.These results indicate that aggressive surgery is associated with a prolonged survival for patients with intramedullary astrocytomas. Radiation therapy should only be reserved for patients who have radiographic progression or inoperable disease.  相似文献   

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