铁锰和硅锰合金生产工人的癌症发病率

目前对职业性锰接触与癌症发病危险的关系知之尚少 ,为探讨二者之间的联系而进行了这次队列研究。研究对象为 6363名于1 933～ 1 991年间在挪威 4家铁锰和硅锰合金生产工厂至少工作过 6个月的男性工人。从工厂工人档案中收集研究对象的人口统计学资料和详细职业史 ,从全国癌症登记处检索研究队列在 1 953～ 1 991年间各部位癌症发病状况 ,以同时期、同年龄的全国男性癌症发病率为参照 ,计算研究队列的癌症标化发病率比 ( SIR)及 95%可信区间 ( CI)。结果 :在研究时限内共发生各部位癌症60 7例 ,SIR=1 .0 2 ( 95% CI=0 .94～ 1 .1 0 ) ,1…     

混凝土作业工人肿瘤发生的队列调查

为了解混凝土作业工人患肿瘤的情况 ,利用瑞典国家癌症登记及死亡登记资料对建筑业 335 0 3名混凝土作业工人进行了队列调查。平均随访时间为 1 9.4年 ( 5 6 2 2 2 5人年 )。计算混凝土作业工人各种肿瘤的患病率 ,并与全国一般人群的患病率进行比较。观察期间共有 35 72人发生了肿瘤。所有恶性肿瘤总标化发病比 ( SIR)明显增高 ,SIR为 1 0 7,95 %可信限 ( CI)为 1 0 3～ 1 1 0。唇癌SIR为 1 79,95 % CI为 1 34～ 2 34 ;胃癌 SIR为 1 39,95 % CI为 1 2 2～ 1 5 8;肺癌 SIR为1 2 5 ,95 % CI为 1 1 4～ 1 37;前列腺癌 SIR为1 0 8,95…     

中国某核电站工人肥胖、代谢综合征、糖尿病发生率调查

目的 对某核电站工人超重、肥胖、代谢综合征、前驱糖尿病、糖尿病发生率进行横断面调查。方法 收集该核电站1388名在职工人的健康检查资料,超重、肥胖、代谢综合征、前驱糖尿病、糖尿病分别按WHO和美国国家胆固醇教育计划有关标准诊断。结果 核电站在职工人(21~59岁)年龄标化的超重和代谢综合征发生率分别为37.50%(95%可信区间34.95%~40.05%)和14.02%(95%可信区间12.16%~15.88%),均高于中国成年人群水平(P <0.01);年龄标化的肥胖发生率为3.27%(95%可信区间2.33%~4.21%),与中国成年人群水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);年龄标化的前驱糖尿病和糖尿病发生率分别为5.14%(95%可信区间3.98%~6.30%)和2.70%(95%可信区间1.85%~3.55%),均低于中国成年人群水平(P < 0.01)。1~9 a和10~19 a工龄组工人超重发生风险分别是< 1a工龄组工人的2.94倍(95%可信区间1.23~7.06)和3.50倍(95%可信区间1.37~8.91)。工人超重和代谢综合征发生率均随工龄增高呈显著上升趋势(P_趋势< 0.01)。结论 该核电站工人发生超重和代谢综合征的风险较高,这是否与接触核素辐射有关仍有待进一步研究。     

接触4-氯邻甲苯胺的杀虫脒合成工人队列的膀胱癌发病率

为探讨接触4-氯邻甲苯胺及杀虫脒人群的膀胱癌发病率,进行了职业性队列研究。德国某化工厂自1965年12月起以4-氯邻甲苯胺为原料进行杀虫脒生产,由于当时生产条件差,常发生意外事故,导致生产工人接触较高浓度的化学物质。1976年该厂改善了工作条件,工人的接触水平降低,1986年停止生产杀虫脒。研究对象为该厂先后直接从事4-氯邻甲苯胺合成杀虫脒生产的男性工人,共49人。由工厂卫生所提供受试者的职业接触史和1990年底之前研究队列中的膀胱癌发病率与附近地区或国家按性别年龄别的膀胱癌预期发病率之比,计算出标化发病率(SIR),并测定了N-乙酰代表型。结果发现,研究队列在1982～1990年间共发生7例膀胱癌患者,其中包括4     

某染料厂22例联苯胺致膀胱癌分析

在我国泌尿系统肿瘤中,膀胱癌的发病率和死亡率均占首位[1].流行病学调查资料表明,25%～27%的膀胱癌患者可能因接触芳香族化合物(如联苯胺)引发.天津市染料行业曾有8个厂的千余名工人从事联苯胺染料的生产和联苯胺硫酸盐的制造工作,某染料厂自1970年发现首例膀胱癌患者至今,40年来已确诊职业性膀胱癌22例,现将其疾病的发生、发展及转归情况进行总结分析.     

2014-2020年青岛市急性心肌梗死发病率、死亡率特征及疾病负担分析

目的描述青岛市2014-2020年急性心肌梗死(AMI)发病、死亡变化趋势以及疾病负担。方法数据来源于青岛市慢性病监测系统, 采用Joinpoint对数线性回归模型估算标化发病率、死亡率平均年度变化百分比(AAPC), 并计算伤残调整寿命年(DALY)评估疾病负担。结果 2014-2020年青岛市共报告AMI发病70 491例, 标化发病率为54.71/10万;死亡50 832例, 标化死亡率为36.55/10万。标化发病率的AAPC(95%CI)为2.86%(95%CI:0.42%～5.35%), 其中男女性标化发病率AAPC(95%CI)分别为4.30%(95%CI:1.24%～7.45%)和0.78%(95%CI:-0.89%～2.47%)。Joinpoint对数回归模型分析结果显示, 30～、40～岁年龄组标化发病率增长速度较快, AAPC(95%CI)分别为8.92%(95%CI:2.23%～16.06%)和6.32%(95%CI:3.30%～9.44%);其中男性各年龄组增长趋势更为明显, 30～、40～、50～岁年龄组的AAPC(95%CI)分别为11.25%(95%CI...     

职业性肿瘤队列调查中人年的计算

一、为什么要计算人年 在职业肿瘤队列调查资料的统计中,要计算人年。在计算粗发病率、标化发病率(SIR),标化死亡比(SMR)等各项指标时,需要算出人年数。 二、暴露(接触)人年的计算 (一)定义 各成员接触职业危害因素的持续时间(年数)的总合称人年数。例如:10人暴露一年=10人年,一人暴露10年=10人年。 (二)原则(计算暴露人年的原则) 1.从年初进入到年底为止算1.0人年; 2.不足一年算0.5人年;     

硅铁和硅金属生产工人的癌症发病率

硅铁和硅金属是电子工业、化学工业和冶金工业的重要原料。为探讨从事硅铁和硅金属生产工作对工人癌症发病率的影响而进行了这次队列研究。研究对象为 8530名于1 933～ 1 991年在挪威 8家硅铁或硅金属生产工厂至少工作 6个月的男性工人 ,从工厂工人档案中收集研究对象的人口统计学特征及详细职业史 ,从全国人口统计办公室获得研究对象的生命状况 ,从全国癌症登记处检索研究对象在 1 953～ 1 991年间各部位癌症发病情况。以挪威同时期、同龄人的癌症发病率为对照 ,计算研究队列癌症标化发病率比( SIR)及 95%可信区间 ( CI)。结果研究队列共…     

p53蛋白在联苯胺接触人群和膀胱癌患者血清中的表达

目的研究职业性联苯胺接触者和膀胱癌患者突变型p53蛋白的表达。方法用免疫PCR法测定职业性联苯胺接触人群和膀胱癌患者血中突变型p53蛋白,用巴氏分级法对尿脱落细胞进行分级。结果随着联苯胺接触强度指数的增高,人群突变型p53蛋白的阳性率不断增加,膀胱癌患者组突变型p53蛋白的阳性率(83.3%)高于接触强度指数1组(33.3%)。PCR扩增条带经扫描积分后,膀胱癌患者组和接触强度指数2组的平均扫描积分(24016.11±2979.99、12960.79±903.27)高于1组(9231.58±1140.74),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。在联苯胺接触人群的各组中以巴氏分级作为组内分层因素,接触强度指数2组中,巴氏2、3级层PCR扩增条带平均扫描积分(12960.79±903.27、13612.78±1697.38)高于1级层(9231.58±1140.74),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接触强度指数3组中,巴氏3级层的突变型p53蛋白的阳性率(46.9%)高于1级层(33.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在联苯胺接触强度较低的范围内,随着接触强度的增加,接触工人血清中p53突变蛋白的阳性表达不但更频繁,而且更加强烈;但接触强度超过了这个范围,工人血中p53突变蛋白的阳性率以及表达量将不再随着接触强度的上升而增高,而尿脱落细胞病变程度在联苯胺接触强度较高的情况下与p53基因突变率     

吸烟与矽肺：某矿区的定群研究

通过对1077名井下矿工队列的28年回顾性定群研究,发现吸烟组矽肺发病率为13.02%,非吸烟组为6.85%。吸烟组矽肺的标化发病率比为171.43(95%CI=144.69～203.97)。以接尘工龄作时间变量,用Weibull回归模型分析累积接尘量和吸烟对矽肺的影响。结果表明在平衡了接尘工龄后,累积接尘量和吸烟对矽肺发病的影响有显著性意义,说明了有吸烟习惯的接尘工人发生矽肺的危险度比不吸烟者大。因此,在预防矽肺的措施上,应强调控制吸烟的重要性。     

Mortality and incidence of bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers in China.

We examined bladder cancer mortality and incidence to 1981 in 1,972 workers employed in benzidine-exposed jobs in Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jilin, China, between 1972 and 1977, and in 1,974 unexposed workers employed during the same time period. In comparison to general population rates, in the benzidine-exposed group the ratio of observed to expected deaths (SMR) was 17.5 (95% C.I.: 7.5-34.5) and the ratio of observed to expected incident cases (SIR) was 25.0 (95% C.I.: 16.9-35.7). No excess was noted in the unexposed group. The 25-fold increase in bladder cancer incidence in the exposed group was related to level of exposure, with the SIR rising from 4.8 for low exposure to 36.2 for medium exposure, and 158.4 for high exposure. Risks were elevated both for producers of benzidine (SIR = 45.7; 95% C.I.: 20.9-86.8) and for users (SIR = 20.9; 95% C.I.: 12.9-32.0) of benzidine dyes. Benzidine-exposed workers who smoked tobacco had a 31-fold risk (95% C.I.: 20.4-46.4), while non-smoking workers had an 11-fold risk (95% C.I.: 3.6-25.8), suggestive of a multiplicative relationship between these two carcinogens.     

Cancer among women textile workers in Shanghai, China: overall incidence patterns, 1989-1998

BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence in women textile workers has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to examine site-specific cancer incidence patterns in a cohort of 267,400 women textile workers in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Women employed by the Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau (STIB) were followed for cancer incidence from 1989 to 1998. Age-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed based on Shanghai Cancer Registry (SCR) rates. RESULTS: There was a decrease in cancer incidence for the cohort compared with urban Shanghai women (SIR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.89-0.93). There were small increased risks of other endocrine tumors (SIR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.65). There were decreased risks for esophageal (SIR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.44-0.66), stomach (SIR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73-0.85), rectal (SIR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-0.98), lung (SIR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.74-0.86), cervical (SIR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28-0.50), ovarian (SIR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.96), and bladder cancers (SIR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Women employed in the textile industry had a lower than expected cancer experience compared with urban Shanghai women. Further research on this cohort will examine associations between site-specific cancers and occupational exposures to dusts and chemicals.     

Cancer morbidity in workers at aluminum foundries and secondary aluminum smelters

In a Swedish cohort of workers (n = 6,454) from seven aluminum foundries and three secondary aluminum (scrap) smelters there was no overall excess risk of cancer among male or female workers less than 85 years of age (males: 325 observed cases, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.13; females: 22 cases, SIR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.60–1.44). In male workers, however, significantly elevated risk estimates were observed for cancer of the lung (51 cases; SIR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.11–1.96), anorectal cancer (33 cases; SIR 2.13, 95%CI = 1.47–2.99), and sinonasal cancer (4 cases; SIR = 4.70, 95%CI = 1.28–12.01). There was no increase of urinary bladder or liver cancer. Lung cancer risks were highest in workers with a short duration of employment (<5 years) suggesting determinants of risk related to socioeconomic factors rather than the occupational environment under study, but there were also indications of a lung cancer hazard from sand casting of aluminum for 10 years or more (SIR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.01–3.87). The increase in anorectal cancer could not be etiologically related to occupational determinants of risk. Sand casting of aluminum aside, the cancer risk in secondary aluminum smelting seems to be lower than in primary aluminum smelting and in iron and steel founding, respectively. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:467–477, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Risk of cancer in pesticide applicators in Swedish agriculture.

The risk of cancer was analysed in a cohort of 20,245 licensed pesticide applicators in agriculture who had licences issued between 1965 and 1976. Most were men (99%) and about 50% had been born in 1935 or later. The cohort was followed up in the Swedish Cancer Register from date of licence until death or 31 December 1982. The mean follow up time was 12.2 years. Average time since first exposure was longer, however, since one fifth of the cohort was exposed in the 1950s. A total of 558 malignant tumours was found compared with 649.8 expected, which resulted in a statistically significantly decreased standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.93). Significantly decreased risks of cancer were also found for liver (SIR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.18-0.93), pancreas (SIR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.87), lung (SIR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.68), and kidney (SIR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.84). No statistically significantly increased risks or any time trends were observed. SIR for testicular cancer was increased (SIR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.92-2.45) and increased with period since licence. Eighteen cases with testicular cancer were found. For those born in 1935 or later a non-significant increased overall risk of cancer was observed (SIR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.82-1.37). Comparisons were made with agricultural workers in general since pesticide applicators are mainly farmers that use or have used pesticides to a greater extent. Higher risks for pesticide applicators were found for testicular cancer, tumours of the nervous system and endocrine glands, and Hodgkin's disease.     

Incidence of cancer among anthophyllite asbestos miners in Finland.

A cohort of 736 male and 167 female workers of two anthophyllite mines in Finland was followed up through the Finnish Cancer Registry for cancer in 1953-91. Compared with the total cancer incidence of the east Finnish population, the men had a raised risk of total cancer (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4-1.9), mainly attributable to an excess in lung cancer (SIR 2.8; 95% CI 2.2-3.6). The risk of lung cancer was somewhat higher among workers classified as heavily exposed (SIR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4-4.1) than among those moderately exposed (SIR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5-3.6) and the risk increased with increasing smoking and with increasing time of work with exposure. There were four cases of mesothelioma v 0.1 expected, all in men who smoked and had had a long and heavy asbestos exposure. Among women, a non-significant excess in total cancer (SIR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9-2.4) was found in the subgroup with heavy exposure to asbestos. Anthophyllite asbestos seems to have high potency in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer and low potency in carcinogenesis of mesothelioma in comparison with the other types of asbestos.     

Cancer Incidence in World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers, 2001–2008

Background: World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers were exposed to a complex mix of pollutants and carcinogens.Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cancer incidence in responders during the first 7 years after 11 September 2001.Methods: Cancers among 20,984 consented participants in the WTC Health Program were identified through linkage to state tumor registries in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare cancers diagnosed in responders to predicted numbers for the general population. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate associations with degree of exposure.Results: A total of 575 cancers were diagnosed in 552 individuals. Increases above registry-based expectations were noted for all cancer sites combined (SIR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.25), thyroid cancer (SIR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.27), prostate cancer (SIR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.44), combined hematopoietic and lymphoid cancers (SIR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71), and soft tissue cancers (SIR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.05). When restricted to 302 cancers diagnosed ≥ 6 months after enrollment, the SIR for all cancers decreased to 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.18), but thyroid and prostate cancer diagnoses remained greater than expected. All cancers combined were increased in very highly exposed responders and among those exposed to significant amounts of dust, compared with responders who reported lower levels of exposure.Conclusion: Estimates should be interpreted with caution given the short follow-up and long latency period for most cancers, the intensive medical surveillance of this cohort, and the small numbers of cancers at specific sites. However, our findings highlight the need for continued follow-up and surveillance of WTC responders.     

Evaluation of mortality and cancer incidence among alachlor manufacturing workers.

Alachlor is the active ingredient in a family of preemergence herbicides. We assessed mortality rates from 1968 to 1993 and cancer incidence rates from 1969 to 1993 for manufacturing workers with potential alachlor exposure. For workers judged to have high alachlor exposure, mortality from all causes combined was lower than expected [23 observed, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.4-1.0], cancer mortality was similar to expected (6 observed, SMR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.3-1.6), and there were no cancer deaths among workers with 5 or more years high exposure and 15 or more years since first exposure (2.3 expected, SMR = 0, 95% CI, 0-1.6). Cancer incidence for workers with high exposure potential was similar to the state rate [18 observed, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.2, 95% CI, 0.7-2.0], especially for workers exposed for 5 or more years and with at least 15 years since first exposure (4 observed, SIR = 1.0, 95% CI, 0.3-2.7). The most common cancer for these latter workers was colorectal cancer (2 observed, SIR 3.9, 95% CI, 0.5-14.2 among workers). Despite the limitations of this study with respect to small size and exposure estimating, the findings are useful for evaluating potential alachlor-related health risks because past manufacturing exposures greatly exceeded those characteristic of agricultural operations. These findings suggest no appreciable effect of alachlor exposure on worker mortality or cancer incidence rates during the study period.     

Cancer incidence among women in the Norwegian pulp and paper industry.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate cancer risk among women working in the Norwegian pulp and paper industry. The cohort included a total of 4,247 workers employed for at least one year between 1920 and 1993 (108,095 person-years), 85% of them as paper or administration workers. METHODS: The follow-up period for cancer was from 1953-1993. No data of exposure measurements were available. The analyses were based on comparisons of standard incidence ratios. The expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated using the five-year age-specific incidence rates for the entire female population. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 380 new cases of cancer were observed vs. 322 expected (SIR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.07-1.30). An excess risk of ovarian cancer was found (SIR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.07-2.09). The SIR was highest among those younger than 55 years, and mostly among those working in paper departments. Short-term workers showed increased risk of lung and bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Based on results from the present study, the increased risk of ovarian cancer is difficult to interpret, since existing knowledge of its etiology is limited. However, these women might have been exposed to various work-related agents such as talc, microbes, and different types of paper dust.     

Risk of cancer in pesticide applicators in Swedish agriculture

The risk of cancer was analysed in a cohort of 20,245 licensed pesticide applicators in agriculture who had licences issued between 1965 and 1976. Most were men (99%) and about 50% had been born in 1935 or later. The cohort was followed up in the Swedish Cancer Register from date of licence until death or 31 December 1982. The mean follow up time was 12.2 years. Average time since first exposure was longer, however, since one fifth of the cohort was exposed in the 1950s. A total of 558 malignant tumours was found compared with 649.8 expected, which resulted in a statistically significantly decreased standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.93). Significantly decreased risks of cancer were also found for liver (SIR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.18-0.93), pancreas (SIR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.87), lung (SIR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.68), and kidney (SIR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.84). No statistically significantly increased risks or any time trends were observed. SIR for testicular cancer was increased (SIR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.92-2.45) and increased with period since licence. Eighteen cases with testicular cancer were found. For those born in 1935 or later a non-significant increased overall risk of cancer was observed (SIR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.82-1.37). Comparisons were made with agricultural workers in general since pesticide applicators are mainly farmers that use or have used pesticides to a greater extent. Higher risks for pesticide applicators were found for testicular cancer, tumours of the nervous system and endocrine glands, and Hodgkin's disease.     

#63 Cancer incidence in the u. s. radiologic technologists health study, 1983–1998

PURPOSE: Few studies have evaluated cancer risk associated with low-dose occupational ionizing radiation exposure to women. We present data on incident cancer risks among a predominantly (77%) female cohort of 73,963 U. S. radiologic technologists followed up from 1983 through 1998.METHODS: Cancer incidence information and data on work history, selected cancer risk factors, personal radiation exposure and other health outcomes were obtained from two mailed questionnaires (administered ~1984 and ~1995). Incident cancers were ascertained from the second survey and supplemented by mortality records. Medical records, obtained for 74% of all self-reported cancers, confirmed the cancer in 85%. We computed standardized incidence ratios (SIR) using cancer incidence rates from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program.RESULTS: The SIR for all cancers combined in both sexes was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.07; n = 3292). The incidence of solid cancers was elevated in women (SIR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10), but lower than expected among men (SIR = 0.92 , 95% CI 0.85, 0.98). Female technologists had an elevated incidence of breast cancer (SIR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.23). Among both sexes combined, elevated risks were seen for melanoma (SIR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.80) and thyroid cancers (SIR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.88), and decreased risks were observed for buccal cavity/pharynx (SIR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.90), rectum (SIR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.76), and lung (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85) cancers.CONCLUSION: The elevated risk for breast cancer may be related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed melanoma and thryoid cancer excesses may reflect, at least in part, increased screening among medical workers with easy access to health care.