脾动脉瘤手术切除与瘤腔内栓塞术的临床疗效分析

目的本研究旨在探讨不同手术方法在脾动脉瘤治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月期间脾动脉瘤病人39例。分为脾动脉瘤手术切除19例和瘤腔内栓塞术组20例。比较术前临床资料、手术方式、术后并发症、死亡率、住院时间等指标。结果两组术前临床资料差异无统计学意义。脾动脉瘤手术切除组中具体手术方式:脾动脉瘤切除术(8例),脾动脉瘤切除术联合脾切除术(5例),脾动脉瘤切除和脾动脉重建(5例)和腹腔镜脾动脉瘤切除联合脾切除术(1例)。所有患者均系全身麻醉。手术成功率100%,平均手术时间为186.7±58.6分钟。在瘤腔内栓塞组,所有患者均系局部麻醉下行脾动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞术。手术成功率100%,平均手术时间是74.9±19.5分钟。相比脾动脉瘤切除手术,瘤腔内栓塞术具有手术时间短的优点,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。两组均没有发现早期死亡病例和30天死亡病例。平均住院时间为7.2±3.6天。和脾动脉瘤切除术相比,瘤腔内栓塞组的住院时间更短更有优势(4.9±2.8 vs 9.5±4.5天,P0.001)。结论脾动脉瘤切除术和瘤腔内栓塞在治疗脾动脉瘤同样有效可行。瘤腔内栓塞术具有较小的创伤性、手术时间明显缩短,住院时间短,恢复快。     

脾动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的临床疗效分析

目的探讨血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月本科收治的48例脾动脉瘤患者的资料,腔内治疗方法:弹簧圈动脉瘤(14例)或载瘤动脉栓塞术(19例),覆膜支架隔绝术(2例),支架辅助弹簧圈瘤体内填塞(5例)和多层裸支架隔绝术(8例)。术后1、3、6、12个月采用CT血管造影检查随访,记录并评价围手术期和随访期的临床结果指标。结果本组病例瘤体均治疗成功,支架植入患者的脾动脉均通畅。围手术期无手术相关死亡,8例患者弹簧圈栓塞后出现栓塞后综合征,均于3~5天后缓解。随访时间23.9(3~59)个月,采用弹簧圈栓塞瘤体或载瘤动脉33例:4例患者发现有部分脾脏梗死,但无明显临床症状,2例患者因瘤体内再灌注接受再次手术;采用覆膜支架植入或裸支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞7例:动脉瘤隔绝或栓塞良好,无内漏,支架通畅;采用多层裸支架隔绝术8例:术后12个月6例(75%)患者瘤腔达到完全血栓化,分支动脉通畅。其余病例未出现严重并发症。随访期患者均未观察到动脉瘤增大、破裂或复发。结论血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤安全,疗效显著。     

变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗15例分析

目的 总结变异脾动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2017年4月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的15例变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗病人的临床资料,其中5例为A型变异脾动脉瘤,10例为B型变异脾动脉瘤。结果 15例病人中14例腔内治疗成功,操作结束后造影检查示瘤体不再显影;1例术中造影检查后考虑弹簧栓栓塞后移位至肠系膜上动脉风险大且病人动脉瘤直径较小,遂停止手术并随访观察。14例腔内治疗成功的病人中,1例行单纯瘤腔栓塞,5例行出瘤动脉及瘤腔栓塞,1例行入瘤动脉、瘤腔及出瘤动脉栓塞,1例行瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,2例行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,4例行出瘤动脉、瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入。随访2～117个月,无失访或死亡病例,无肠道缺血坏死、症状性脾梗死、动脉瘤破裂等严重并发症发生。1例病人7年后再发腹痛,再次腔内治疗行瘤腔密集填塞,术后腹痛消失,密切随访。1例病人腔内治疗行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,术后第2年随访动脉造影检查示覆膜支架完全闭塞,Riolan弓显影,支架远端肠系膜上动脉灌注良好。结论 腔内治疗变异脾动脉瘤安全、有效。在腔内治疗过程中,除了对动脉瘤完成满意的血流隔绝,还应重视保护肠系膜上动脉。     

迷走脾动脉瘤12例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨迷走脾动脉瘤的治疗方法及疗效评价.方法 回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2012年1月-2014年5月收治的12例迷走脾动脉瘤患者,其中男性4例,女性8例,对其治疗方法进行临床分析.迷走脾动脉瘤均起源于肠系膜上动脉,瘤体均为单发,直径1.5 ～2.8 cm,平均2.1 cm.12例均行手术治疗,4例行开放手术切除瘤体,5例行脾动脉介入栓塞治疗,3例行瘤体内栓塞+肠系膜上动脉内覆膜支架植入.结果 12例治疗均获成功,2例出现腹痛、发热等不适反应.未出现脾动脉瘤复发、增大或破裂.12例均获随访,每隔3个月复查彩色多普勒超声或CT血管成像,随访时间6～24个月,1例术后1年死于腹腔大出血;11例情况良好,无复发.结论 对于具有适合解剖条件的迷走脾动脉瘤,腔内治疗安全有效,对于累及肝动脉的迷走脾动脉瘤,需开放手术进行血管重建.     

脾动脉瘤的手术及微创治疗

目的 探讨脾动脉瘤的治疗方法及中远期疗效.方法 1999-2011年收治18例脾动脉瘤患者,对18例的治疗方法及预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 18例患者中男7例,女11例.平均年龄53.8±7.3岁.8例患者无临床症状于体检中发现,7例表现为左上腹疼痛,3例因动脉瘤破裂于急诊首诊.14例经三维血管造影(3DCTA)、3例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)、1例经磁共振血管造影(MRA)确诊.手术治疗11例,其中脾动脉瘤破裂行急诊手术3例,择期性手术8例.手术包括脾动脉瘤及脾切除4例,同时切除胰尾5例,脾动脉瘤切除、断端吻合1例,脾动脉瘤切除加脾及结肠脾区切除1例.另外,行脾动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗3例.本组中,4例无临床症状、且瘤体直径＜2 cm者行随访观察中.围手术期无死亡.随访16例平均3.2年.失访2例,1例于术后4年死于脑溢血.结论 脾动脉瘤发病率低,症状多隐匿,脾动脉瘤破裂多有致死的危险.开腹手术及腔内微创治疗预后良好.     

孤立性髂动脉瘤17例的诊断与治疗

目的 总结孤立性髂动脉瘤的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析17例孤立性髂动脉瘤的临床资料.术前彩超检查17例,计算机断层扫描血管成像(computed tomographic angiography,CTA)检查13例,数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查2例.10例髂动脉瘤患者接受了人工血管间置移植开放手术,6例成功实施了直管型带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗.1例髂内动脉瘤破裂患者行髂内动脉栓塞治疗时失败,改行人工血管间置移植手术.结果 17例患者均术前确诊,且治愈出院.开放手术组平均手术时间(3.7±1.2)h,腔内治疗组(1.4±0.7)h,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);开放手术组平均住院(16±5)d,腔内治疗组(9±4)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);开放手术组输血率72.7％ (8/11),腔内治疗组为16.7％ (1/6).术中输尿管损伤1例,术后出现间歇性跛行2例;腔内治疗发生异位栓塞1例,Ⅰ型内漏2例,随访3个月,内漏消失.结论 人工血管间置移植开放手术和腔内治疗均是髂动脉瘤的有效治疗方法,腔内治疗具有创伤小、手术时间短、康复快、住院时间短、风险相对较小、疗效确切等优势.     

腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤7例分析

目的总结腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年3月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤7例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤4例,左髂总动脉瘤2例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。结果7例均取得技术成功。3例右髂总动脉瘤累及右髂内动脉,选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUI(Aortouniiliac)支架型人工血管腔内修复加股动脉旁路术。2例左髂总动脉瘤选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影(DSA)造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余6例无手术并发症。术后随访1～19个月(平均10.6±6.42个月),瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果尚须进一步随访。     

腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤14例

目的探讨腔内治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年5月腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤14例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤8例,左髂总动脉瘤5例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。髂动脉瘤腔内修复的标准是瘤体直径〉3．0cm。结果14例均取得技术成功。8例右髂总动脉瘤,钢圈栓塞右髂内动脉后选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。其中1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUl支架型人工血管腔内修复加股．股动脉旁路术。5例左髂总动脉瘤栓塞同侧髂内动脉后选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余13例无手术并发症。术后CTA随访10．2个月（3～19个月）,瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果需进一步随访。     

锁骨下动脉瘤诊治经验

作者近１３年诊治锁骨下动脉瘤７例。其中４例假性动脉瘤，２例真性动脉瘤。４例行瘤体切除加人工血管置换术，２例行动脉修补术，平均随访５．３年，均获满意疗效。作者认为：有症状或瘤体较大的锁骨下动脉瘤均应手术治疗。术式以瘤体切除加自体或人工血管移植为佳。腔内疗法为该病的治疗开辟了新途径。     

脾动脉瘤的临床特征与腔内治疗：附30例报告

背景与目的:脾动脉瘤(SAA)是一类少见、具有潜在致命破裂风险的内脏动脉瘤疾病。SAA的传统手术方式为开腹切除动脉瘤及脾脏。近年来,随着介入技术和材料的发展,SAA的腔内治疗越来越普及。相比于开放手术,腔内治疗具有微创、简便、术后快速康复的优势。本文探讨SAA腔内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年12月在中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的30例SAA患者资料,并介绍了我科治疗SAA的3种介入手术方式。结果:患者30例均行腹部CTA明确SAA诊断,其中近脾门型17例,中间型9例,远脾门型4例;囊状动脉瘤19例,梭形动脉瘤11例。30例均采取腔内治疗方法,其中21例行SAA栓塞术,6例行脾动脉支架置入术,3例行脾动脉裸支架置入+栓塞术。患者术后平均住院时间4 d,平均住院费用5万元,术后发生腹痛、呕吐、发热等症状10例,症状均在3 d以内缓解,无后遗症发生。发生穿刺点出血1例,保守治疗好转后出院。住院期间无急性脾梗死发生,没有发生需再次手术的并发症。22例患者术后随访3～6个月,CT复查示动脉瘤完全血栓化,未见造影剂进入;出现无症状局灶性脾梗死5例。结论:介入腔内手术可在保留脾脏的情况下治疗SAA,治疗效果确切,且创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症发生概率低,住院时间短,费用相比开放手术无明显增加。腔内治疗可作为绝大部分SAA的首选治疗,具体手术方式需根据术前CTA显示的SAA形态及位置来决定。     

内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结腔内技术和外科手段治疗内脏动脉瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析10例内脏动脉瘤患者的临床资料.男4例,女6例,年龄28～74岁,平均(56 ±13)岁.其中脾动脉真性动脉瘤5例,脾动脉假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜上动脉瘤2例,腹腔干结核性假性动脉瘤1例,肾动脉瘤1例.结果 1例腹腔干假性动脉瘤行支架型人工血管腔内修复术,1例脾动脉瘤行支架型人工血管腔内修复术失败,改为开腹手术治疗,另外8例直接行开腹手术治疗.手术均获成功,康复出院.术后住院时间7～18 d,平均(10±5)d,本组所有患者获随访,随访时间3个月至6年,平均(27 ±12)个月.无死亡病例,无动脉瘤复发,无胃肠道、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏缺血梗死及其他严重并发症发生.结论 内脏动脉瘤开放手术治疗疗效可靠,而腔内治疗则是一种有前途的微创治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the management of splanchnic artery aneurysms by open surgery and endoluminal therapy. Methods The clinical data of 10 splanchnic artery aneurysm patients (four male, six female) hospitalised from January 2002 were analysed retrospectively. The average age was (56 ± 13) years (28 - 74). Surgical or endoluminal treatment for six cases of splenic artery aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms were applied, among which multiple splenic artery aneurysms was found in one, and aberrant aneurysms at the proximal section of the splenic artery originating from a spleno-mesenteric trunk was found in three, splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in one and single aneurysm with normal splenic artery in anatomy in one. Besides, there were two superior mesenteric artery aneurysm, one of tuberculous celiac artery pseudoaneurysm and one renal artery aneurysm. Results The tuberculous celiac artery pseudoaneurysm was successfully managed by deploying a stent-graft endoluminally. One case was converted to open surgery after the splenic artery aneurysm was only paitially covered by a stent-graft. The other 8 cases were successfully treated by open surgery. All of the operations are successful. All patients were followed up from three months to six years, during which no death or other severe complications occurs. Conclusions The splanchnic artery varies from one to another anatomically. Preoperative CT scan or digital substraction angiology are helpful for the diagnosis of the splanchnic arterial aneurysms and choosing an appropriate management. Conventional open surgery is effective and reliable, while endoluminal therapy is a minimally invasive alternative.     

内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2010年6月收治的19例内脏动脉瘤患者外科治疗的临床资料,包括脾动脉瘤7例、肝右动脉瘤1例、胃左动脉瘤1例、胰十二指肠动脉瘤3例、胃十二指肠动脉瘤2例、肠系膜上动脉瘤、结肠中动脉瘤和左结肠动脉瘤各1例、肾动脉瘤2例。其中破裂12例。按照手术方式分为两组,介入栓塞治疗组13例,开放手术组6例。结果 4例栓塞后再出血,2例行手术探查止血、2例行二次栓塞后都得以成功止血。8例动脉瘤破裂伴休克患者术后均停止出血。1例胰十二指肠动脉瘤栓塞后出现十二指肠不全梗阻。2例脾动脉瘤患者术后出现部分脾梗死。术后随访18例,随访2 ～ 103个月,无动脉瘤复发。结论 以支配脏器和动脉解剖的特点作为内脏动脉瘤选择手术方案的主要依据。腔内治疗和开放手术在治疗内脏动脉瘤方面均有效,而对于假性动脉瘤破裂患者,腔内治疗效果满意。     

直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤诊治分析

目的探讨直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤的临床诊治特点。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2019年11月收治的3例直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并回顾相关文献。结果男性1例,女性2例,平均年龄60岁。腹痛、腹胀表现1例,左上腹部搏动性包块1例,查体发现1例;2例合并门脉高压症,女性患者均有2次妊娠史,1例左上腹触及搏动性包块,3例患者均行腹部强化CT检查。1例行介入支架腔内隔绝+瘤腔弹簧圈栓塞术;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除术,术中出血少,未输血;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除+脾静脉瘤切除+胆囊切除术,术中出血约400 ml,输注红细胞6 U,血浆600 ml。3例均治疗成功,无围术期死亡发生。介入治疗者随访2年3个月,无不适。手术者1例随访6年,预后较好,另1例失访。结论直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤罕见,具有独特的临床特征,手术切除仍是其主要且有效的治疗方法,预后较好。     

脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及血管重建的手术探讨

目的探讨脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及脾动脉重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月~2007年3月收治的8例脾动脉起始部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤;均在全身麻醉下首先阻断腹腔干起始部,远端脾动脉阻断后切除动脉瘤,1例行腹腔干-脾动脉自体静脉移植,4例行肾下主动脉-脾动脉人工血管转流,3例同时切除动脉瘤和脾脏。结果均于手术后10~14 d治愈出院。随访0.5~10年;其中1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞,余7例均健康生活,无动脉瘤复发。结论动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是一种较好的脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的治疗方案。     

Laparoscopic management of splenic artery aneurysms

Splenic artery aneurysms are rare clinical entities that carry the risk of rupture and fatal hemorrhage. Due to the availability of advanced imaging techniques, they are now being found more frequently and identified earlier. Historically, the surgical approach to their management has consisted of laparotomy with resection of the aneurysm and a possible splenectomy. Recently, angiographic interventions and laparoscopic exclusion of splenic artery aneurysm has been shown to provide adequate therapy without the morbidity associated with open aneurysmectomy and splenectomy. In patients with previous abdominal surgery, a planned hand-assisted approach may be needed. We present the cases of two patients with splenic artery aneurysms who were successfully managed laparoscopically. The hand-assisted approach was needed in our second patient, who had a history of gastric bypass surgery. Both patients had an uneventful postoperative course and were discharged home on postoperative day one.     

Treatment of splenic artery aneurysm after distal splenorenal shunt. A case report

A patient with splenic artery aneurysm which developed after creation of selective distal spleno-renal shunt for hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension was presented. Three months after operation, an aneurysm of the splenic artery with a diameter of about 20 mm was detected. This aneurysm reached 4 cm three months later, and a resection was carried out. An arterial continuity was established by means of end-to-end anastomosis of the sectioned arterial ends. Because the flow through the splenic artery was about 60% of the total flow of the selective distal spleno-renal shunt, it is important to maintain continuity in order to avoid thrombosis of the shunt.     

Successful surgical treatment for aneurysm of splenic artery with anomalous origin.

The splenic artery is the third common site of an infrarenal abdominal arterial aneurysm after the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, and the most common site of a visceral artery aneurysm. It is a rare, but clinically important form of vascular disease with the potential for life-threatening rupture. We report a 64-year-old woman with a splenic artery aneurysm. Though she was asymptomatic, calcification around the left upper quadrant was incidentally detected. A saccular aneurysm with calcification located in the proximal portion of the splenic artery was detected by computed tomography (CT). Anomalous origin of the splenic artery, from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), was also detected. Aneurysmal resection without splenectomy was carried out successfully. A suitable approach to aneurysms must be selected in each case, because the splenic artery exhibits congenital anomaly in 10% of all the people.     

Aneurysms of the visceral arteries: report of 5 cases

Visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon and usually result from atherosclerosis, periarteritis nodosa and fibromuscular dysplasia. Hepatic artery aneurysms were detected in two patient, splenic artery aneurysms in three. In four patients rupture occurred. In the two patients with hepatic artery aneurysm hemobilia from arterial rupture into the common bile duct and intraperitoneal bleeding in lesser sac was assessed. Ruptured aneurysms of the splenic artery with free intraperitoneal bleeding occurred in two patients, one patient had an asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysm. In four patients the diagnosis was made by contrast-TC and/or celiac and mesenteric angiography. In four patients excision of the aneurysm was successfully performed. One patient with ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm and in which resection and revascularization was made died.     

Hemosuccus pancreaticus from intraductal rupture of a primary splenic artery aneurysm

Hemosuccus pancreaticus—blood entering the gastrointestinal tract through the pancreatic duct—is a rare and elusive form of gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common cause is a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas. We report the case of an 86-year-old woman who had recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding from erosion of an aneurysm of the splenic artery into the pancreatic duct. The lack of associated symptoms, equivocal endoscopic findings, and the rarity of this entity resulted in a delay in diagnosis. Nonresective treatment by ligation of the splenic artery proximal and distal to the aneurysm prevented any additional bleeding. Postoperative technetium sulfur colloid scanning demonstrated normal perfusion of the spleen. Only 16 cases of hemosuccus pancreaticus from primary splenic artery disease have previously been reported in the English-language literature (15 primary aneurysms, one medial disruption without an aneurysm). In contrast to cases caused by inflammatory pseudoaneurysms, splenic artery - pancreatic duct fistulas caused by primary aneurysms of the splenic artery should be treated without pancreatic or splenic resection, either with surgery or by embolization. In elderly patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure source, the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of a ruptured aneurysm communicating with a viscus. (J VASC SURG 1994;19:158-64.)     

Open surgical repair using a reimplantation technique for a large celiac artery aneurysm anomalously arising from the celiomesenteric trunk

Celiac artery aneurysms anomalously arising from the celiomesenteric trunk (hepatosplenomesenteric trunk) are rare, with only four patients reported thus far. Surgical intervention for this condition is challenging, particularly when the aneurysm is large and in a retropancreatic location. We report an open repair surgery in a 54-year-old asymptomatic man who presented with a saccular calcified aneurysm (diameter, 4.0 cm) of the celiac artery originating from the celiomesenteric trunk. Our technique involved minimal dissection of the surrounding vessels and complete aneurysm resection, along with revascularization of the hepatic, splenic, and superior mesenteric arteries with a single anastomosis.