改构体aFGF对颈动脉窦损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨损伤大白鼠颈动脉窦压力感受器神经末梢后 ,改构体aFGF的保护作用。方法　将Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、改构体aFGF1组、改构体aFGF2 组、改构体aFGF3 每组各 10只。改构体组分别经静脉注射 0 14 μg/ml、0 4 3μg/ml、1 30 μg/ml的改构体aFGF(1ml/ 10 0g) ,而对照组注射同剂量的生理盐水。 2 0min后 ,用蘸有 80 %乙醇的棉球轻轻擦拭右颈动脉窦区 ,损伤颈动脉窦压力感受器神经末梢 ,并放置 5min。观察记录各组损伤前后夹闭颈总动脉血压即 :收缩压 (SP)、舒张压(DP)、平均动脉压 (MP)和心率 (HR)的变化。结果　 (1)损伤右颈动脉窦前 ,夹闭右颈总动脉 ,实验组和对照组血压均升高 ,夹闭前后相比差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )损伤右颈动脉窦后 ,夹闭右颈总动脉 ,改构体aFGF1组、对照组血压不变 ,夹闭前后相比差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;改构体aFGF2 组、改构体aFGF3 组血压升高 ,夹闭前后相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,夹闭前后两组的血压差分别与对照组的差值相比有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。在本实验中 ,HR均无明显变化。结论　改构体aFGF对颈动脉窦损伤有保护作用 ,并显示一定的量效关系     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对颈动脉窦损伤的保护及量效关系的探讨

目的　探讨酸性成纤维细胞因子(acidicfibroblastgrowthfactor,aFGF)对大白鼠颈动脉窦损伤的 保护作用以及量效关系。方法　将大白鼠随机分成对照组,实验组中的aFGF1组、aFGF2组、aFGF3组各8 只。实验组大鼠分别经静脉注射0.14μg/ml,0.43μg/ml,1.30μg/ml的aFGF,对照组注射同剂量的生理盐 水。20min后,用蘸有80%乙醇的棉球轻轻擦试颈动脉窦区,以损伤颈动脉窦压力感受器神经末梢,并放置 10min,观察记录各组损伤前后夹闭颈总动脉时收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)、平均动脉压(MP)和心率(HR)的 变化。结果　①损伤颈动脉窦前,夹闭右颈总动脉,实验组和对照组血压均升高,夹闭前后相比差异显著(P <0.01)。②损伤右颈总动脉窦后,夹闭右颈总动脉,对照组血压不变,夹闭前后相比差异不显著(P>0. 05);实验组的aFGF1组、aFGF2组、aFGF3组血压均升高,夹闭前后比差异显著(P<0.05),夹闭前后的血压 差分别与对照组的差值相比均显著(P<0.05),但未呈现明显的量效关系。在本实验中,HR均无明显变 化。结论　aFGF对大白鼠颈动脉窦损伤有保护作用。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

目的：探讨有关颈动脉海绵窦瘘经血管内治疗的研究进展.方法：广泛查阅国内外相关颈动脉海绵窦瘘血管内治疗的资料,并进行分析和总结.结果：多种血管内技术可以安全、有效地治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘.结论：随着神经介入放射学的发展,血管内栓塞治疗法以其创伤小、方法简便、疗效可靠的优点成为治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘的首选方法.     

颈部推拿对兔颈动脉粥样硬化重度狭窄病变的#br#血管拉伸力学特性的影响颈部推拿对兔颈动脉粥样硬化重度狭窄病变的血管拉伸力学特性的影响

目的　探讨颈部推拿手法对兔颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）重度狭窄的血管拉伸力学特性的影响。 方法　45只新西兰兔随机分为颈椎旋转组（n=12）、推桥弓组（n=12）、模型对照组（n=12）和空白对照组（n=9）,在颈椎旋转组、推桥弓组和模型对照组建立左侧CAS模型,并分别接受颈椎旋转手法、推桥弓手法干预3周,模型对照组和空白对照组不作手法干预。取左侧颈动脉进行单轴拉伸试验和病理观察,比较四组兔颈动脉的拉伸力学特性。 结果　（1）26只兔造模成功,其中颈椎旋转组、推桥弓组、模型对照组兔颈动脉的最大载荷显著高于空白对照组,同时最大应变显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05);（2）颈椎旋转组兔颈动脉的弹性模量显著高于模型对照组、推桥弓组和空白对照组（P<0.05）,而推桥弓组兔颈动脉的弹性模量与模型对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论　动脉粥样硬化病变可致兔颈动脉血管拉伸力学特性下降,而颈部旋转推拿治疗可导致严重粥样硬化病变并重度狭窄的兔颈动脉弹性下降,为临床安全应用颈部推拿手法提供了参考。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼上静脉彩色多普勒超声表现

目的 探讨外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的超声表现和诊断价值.方法 2007年1月至2008年12月本院就诊的颅脑外伤患者10例,其中9例经数字减影血管造影确诊为CCF患者,对患者眶部彩色多普勒超声进行回顾性分析,总结其特点.结果 9例CCF患者均显示眼上静脉迂曲扩张、眼上静脉反向血流及动脉化血流频谱,扩张的眼上静脉管径在2.2～5.0 mm.结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断外伤性CCF经济、无创、准确,可作为首选的诊断方法.     

颈总动脉末段、颈动脉窦处动脉粥样硬化和血栓的研究现状

目的：探讨颈动脉末段、颈动脉窦处的粥样硬化和血栓的研究现状。方法：系统回顾近年来对颈动脉粥样硬化病变的研究,在诱因及病因、危害、诊治几个方面作分析讨论。结果：颈动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展受血流动力学、血管病变、血液成份三个因素影响;病因与自身生活饮食习惯、多种疾病密切相关;颈动脉粥样硬化、血栓可引起脑缺血、脑卒中等严重损害;诊断一般采用影像学技术,治疗方法有药物及手术两种。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化及血栓可引起脑缺血、脑中卒等脑血管疾病,应尽可能采取早期预防、早期诊断,以避免脑血管疾病的发生。     

动脉血压调节系统的数学模型及其仿真研究

本文研究了由于血压变化引起动脉血管顺应性变化的生理反馈调节机理,并建立了血压控制器的数学模型。方法理论推导和计算机数值仿真相结合。结果仿真结果和临床试验都验证了该调节系统具有抑制有限幅度血压波动的能力,也证明了本文所建立的血压系统数学模型是完全正确的。结论本文的工作对于某些高血压病的病理研究具有一定的参考价值。     

不同推拿手法对食蟹猴轻度颈动脉粥样硬化模型的影响

目的　探讨不同颈椎推拿手法对食蟹猴轻度颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）模型稳定性的影响。 方法　将18只食蟹猴建立轻度CAS模型,并以高脂饲料喂养8周,用彩超证实其造模成功。再将18只食蟹猴随机分为3组（每组6只）,分别是：颈椎旋转组、推桥弓组和模型对照组。分别对颈椎旋转组和推桥弓组的食蟹猴进行相应的手法干预,共干预30 d,模型对照组不做特殊干预。最后将动物麻醉后处死,取颈总动脉分别进行HE染色、拉曼实验和压力实验。 结果　HE染色可见颈总动脉血管内壁损伤严重,有斑块形成。拉曼试验中,3组均有明显的1450 及1660 脂质特征峰,但三组特征峰的相对强度差异无显著性意义（P > 0.05）。压力实验中,三组中食蟹猴颈动脉斑块破裂压力检测结果显示无显著性意义（P > 0.05）。 结论　在食蟹猴轻度CAS病变中,短期内施用颈椎旋转手法和推桥弓手法并不会改变斑块的稳定性。     

高原成人颈动脉体的光镜观察和体视学研究

目的：研究高原成人颈动脉体的形态特征。方法：对２８例不同海拔高度无明显呼吸和循环系统疾病成人死者的颈动脉体（ＣＢ）进行光镜观察,并用Ｗｅｉｂｅｌ建立的正测试格点计数法,对其主细胞和支持细胞进行体视学研究。结果：高原组主细胞和支持细胞的体密度（Ｖｖ）、面密度（Ｓｖ）和面数密度（ＮＡ）明显高于平原组（Ｐ＜００１或Ｐ＜００５）,比表面（δ）明显低于平原组（Ｐ＜００１或Ｐ＜００５）。结论：高原成人ＣＢ主细胞和支持细胞明显增生,表现为数量增多,体积增大,且随着海拔高度增加而增加。     

三维超声研究动态血压负荷与颈动脉斑块总体积的相关性

目的 探讨三维超声成像在诊断高血压颈动脉粥样硬化方面的图像特征和临床价值及动态血压负荷对动脉粥样硬化的预测意义、昼夜血压变异与动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 90例高血压痛患者,男68例,女22例,年龄60.7±5.3岁,图像采集系用飞力浦iU22超声诊断仪和三维超声系统.应用二维及三维超声测量双侧颈总动脉和颈内外动脉的血管内斑块体积.选用Oxford Medilog Bx动态血压检测仪进行24小时血压检测.根据检测结果,按血压负荷值0.10-0.40、0.41-0.80、＞0.80将上述患者分成三组,并设30例血压负荷＜0.10为对照(男17例,女13例,年龄59.3±5.1岁).结果 动态血压负荷值正常组与动态血压负荷值增高组颈动脉颈动脉斑块总体积差异有统计学意义(p＜0.01);颈动脉宽块总体积与血压负荷值成正相关.结论 动态血压监测可用于临床诊断高血压、评价治疗效果及判断预后.     

Conversion of Atrial Flutter to Sinus Rhythm by Carotid Sinus Pressure

Conversion of atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm via carotid sinus stimulation by manual pressure is not a well-known phenomenon. Two cases of atrial flutter in which carotid sinus pressure restored the sinus rhythm are presented. Since this procedure is usually benign, it is recommended that it be tried on patients having atrial flutter with fast ventricular rate accompanied by hemodynamic decompensation. This may be particularly useful if the patient has been receiving digoxin, that is, when cardioversion may become potentially problematic. Electrophysiological mechanisms of conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm are discussed.     

Cervical Carotid and Circle of Willis Arterial Anatomy of Macaque Monkeys: A Comparative Anatomy Study

Macaque monkeys are used in many research applications, including cerebrovascular investigations. However, detailed catalogs of the relevant vascular anatomy are scarce. We present our experience with macaque vessel patterns as determined by digital subtraction angiography of 34 different monkeys. We retrospectively analyzed digital subtraction angiograms obtained during experimental internal carotid artery (ICA) catheterization and subsequent injection of 1‐methyl 4‐phenyl 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. Results were catalogued according to vascular distribution and variants observed. Macaque monkeys have a bovine aortic arch. The carotid vessels generally bifurcate, but are occasionally observed to divide into three vessels. The external carotid gives rise primarily to two trunks: an occipital branch and a common vessel that subsequently gives off the lingual, facial, and superior thyroid arteries. The internal maxillary artery may be present as a terminal branch of the external carotid or as a branch of the occipital artery. The ICA is similar in course to that of the human. The anterior circle of Willis was intact in all monkeys in our study. Its primary difference from that of the human is the union of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries as a single (azygous) median vessel. Macaque cervical carotid and circle of Willis arterial anatomy differs from humans in a couple of specific patterns. Knowledge of these differences and similarities between human and macaque anatomy is important in developing endovascular macaque models of human diseases, such as ischemic stroke. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

颈动脉肿瘤术前大脑Willis环状况判定的临床研究

目的:探讨颈动脉瘤和颈动脉体瘤手术治疗前大脑Willis动脉环侧支循环状况判定的方法和标准,评价DSA全脑血管造影方法判定一侧颈动脉(颈内动脉)术中永久性阻断的安全性.方法:本组颈动脉瘤和颈动脉体瘤患者共14例,均行CT平扫、CT增强扫描和CTA血管成像三维重建,9例行DSA全脑血管造影检查.8例行手术治疗,3例保留颈总动脉和颈内动脉剥除肿瘤、5例颈总动脉(颈内动脉)连同肿瘤一并切除;4例术中同步行脑电图监测.分析术前颈动脉压迫训练后DSA全脑血管造影、术中脑电图监测等方法评价大脑侧支循环的可行性和可靠性.结果:8例手术患者中,无死亡病例,切口均一期愈合.术后均获随访3月～5 a,肿瘤相关症状消失,无肿瘤复发,其中1例术后出现偏瘫、失语,半年后康复.结论:DSA全脑血管造影检查是颈动脉肿瘤术前判断大脑Willis环侧支循环状况的重要方法,但不能作为判定一侧颈动脉结扎、切除安全性的"金标准".     

A Model of the Human Arterial System

A model of the human arterial system that takes into account the structure of large blood vessels is suggested.     

Maxillary Sinus Anatomy: A Cadaveric Study With Clinical Implications

This study measured maxillary sinus volume, evaluated the location of the semilunar hiatus in correlation to the nasal floor, and the incidence, location, and height of antral septa and discusses their clinical implications. Maxillary sinus volume was quantified in 65 cadavers (130 sinuses) by water application through the semilunar hiatus and measuring the used amount. The location of the semilunar hiatus was identified as distance from the nasal floor. The septa were counted, evaluated, and the size measured from the antral floor. The medium maxillary sinus volume was 12.5 mL (range, 5–22 mL). The medium location of the semilunar hiatus was 25.6 mm above the nasal floor (range, 18–35 mm). Thirty‐five septa were counted in 130 maxillary sinuses. This equals an incidence of 27%. The medium height of the septa was 5.4 mm (2.5–11 mm). The main location of the septa was the region of the first molar (29%), the second molar (23%), and the second premolar (23%). The height, location, and number of septa as well as the height of the semilunar hiatus and volume of the maxillary sinus have to be taken into consideration to correctly plan the procedure and amount of grafting material in maxillary sinus floor elevation operations. Anat Rec, 292:352–354, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Long-Term Mathematical Model Involving Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity,Arterial Pressure,and Sodium Excretion

This paper presents a physiological long-term model of the cardiovascular system. It integrates the previous models developed by Guyton, Uttamsingh and Coleman. Additionally it introduces mechanisms of direct effects of the renal sympathetic nerve activity (rsna) on tubular sodium reabsorption and renin secretion in accordance with experimental data from literature. The resulting mathematical model constitutes the first long-term model of the cardiovascular system accounting for the effects of rsna on kidney functions in such detail. The objective of developing such a model is to observe the consequences of long-term rsna increase and impairment of rsna inhibition under volume loading. This model provides an understanding of the rsna-related mechanisms, which cause mean arterial pressure increase in hypertension and total sodium amount increase (sodium retention) in congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis.