EPHA2在人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化中的作用

目的:研究EPHA2在人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSC)成骨分化过程中表达的动态变化及其在成骨分化中的作用.方法:hBMSC成骨分化诱导0、4、10和14 d后分别收集细胞提取RNA和蛋白,采用Real-timePCR和Western blot方法检测EPHA2mRNA及蛋白表达;使用EPHA2的si-RNA下调EPHA2表达后进行成骨分化诱导,检测下调EPHA2表达对早期成骨分化指标ALP活性及晚期成骨分化指标钙沉积、成骨分化标志物OSX、OCN和成骨分化关键转录因子RUNX2表达的影响.结果:EPHA2在hBMSC成骨分化过程中表达逐渐上升,下调EPHA2表达能抑制ALP活性和钙沉积,抑制OSX、OCN及关键转录因子RUNX2的表达.结论:EPHA2在hBMSC成骨分化过程中表达逐渐上升,EPHA2可能通过增强RUNX2的表达从而促进hBMSC成骨分化.     

还原型谷胱甘肽上调β-catenin蛋白表达促进MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GST)对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1成骨分化的影响,并从Wnt/β-catenin信号通路角度初步探讨其可能的机制。方法:通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色以及细胞外钙化结节来检测成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的分化情况;GST干预MC3T3-E1成骨细胞株7 d、14 d和21 d后,利用Real-time PCR检测成骨相关因子RUNX2、OSX、COLⅠ、OCN基因及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关基因β-catenin、LRP5和GSK-3β的表达;通过Western blot检测β-catenin蛋白表达。结果:ALP染色观察到MC3T3-E1细胞外基质存在钙质沉积,且MC3T3-E1 ALP活性阳性。GST能明显提高MC3T3-E1细胞成骨相关基因以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关基因的表达。Western blot结果提示GST可以明显促进β-catenin蛋白的表达。结论:MC3T3-E1细胞本身具有一定的成骨细胞特性,有效浓度的GST能促进小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化,Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路在成骨分化过程中起一定的调节作用。     

黄芩苷对人牙周膜干细胞生物学特性的影响及作用机制

【摘要】 目的 探讨黄芩苷（baicalin）对人牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）生物学特性的影响及其潜在的作用机制。 方法 体外培养人PDLSCs,将对数期的PDLSCs随机分为：control组（DMEM培养液）、baicalin组（1.0 μmol/L baicalin）、baicalin+XAV939组（1.0 μmol/L baicalin和4.0 μmol/L Wnt/β-catenin信号通路特异性抑制剂XAV939）,采用细胞计数法（CCK-8）检测各组细胞增殖情况,黏附实验和Transwell实验分别检测细胞黏附和迁移能力,酶联免疫检测仪检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）法检测成骨相关基因骨钙蛋白（OCN）,骨桥蛋白（OPN）和成骨细胞转录因子2（RUNX2）的表达,蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法分析Wnt/β-catenin信号通路关键分子β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）、c-myc和细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）的表达。 结果 与control组相比,baicalin组PDLSCs增殖能力明显升高,黏附和迁移能力均明显提高,ALP活性随时间的延长而升高,OCN、RUNX2和OPN基因的表达量明显升高,β-catenin、c-myc和Cyclin Dl蛋白表达显著上调,差异均具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05)。与baicalin组相比,添加XAV939能够部分逆转baicalin对PDLSCs以上各指标的影响。 结论 黄芩苷能够促进PDLSCs增殖、黏附和迁移能力,且可诱导PDLSCs的成骨分化,其作用机制可能与激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

白杨黄素通过调控氧化应激反应保护脂多糖介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力

目的: 探讨白杨黄素对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.g)脂多糖(P.g LPS)介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞 (hPDLSCs)成骨分化能力的影响。方法：原代培养hPDLSCs, 采用流式细胞术鉴定后取第4代细胞进行实验。采用四唑盐(MTT)试验检测不同浓度P.g LPS (1, 10, 100 和1000 ng/mL)及白杨黄素 (0.1, 0.4, 1.6, 6.25, 25, 50, 100 μmol/L) 对hPDLSCs增殖能力的影响;P.g LPS与成骨诱导剂共培养24h, 48h, 72h和96h后,活性氧 (ROS)试剂盒检测hPDLSCs 的ROS含量, 实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应 (RT-PCR)检测hPDLSCs锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD), 铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/ZnSOD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) mRNA的表达; P.g LPS与成骨诱导剂共培养3天, 7天, 14天后, 碱性磷酸酶(ALP)试剂盒检测hPDLSCs 的ALP活性, RT-PCR法检测成骨相关转录因子(RUNX2), 锌指结构转录因子(OSX), 碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP) 和骨钙素(OCN) mRNA表达; 25 μmol/L 白杨黄素作用hPDLSCs后, 通过ROS试剂盒检测hPDLSCs 的ROS含量, 及实时PCR法检测抗氧化因子MnSOD、Cu/ZnSOD、CAT及成骨分化基因RUNX2、OSX、OCN和ALP的mRNA表达。结果：与对照组相比, MTT结果显示1000 ng/mL P.g LPS 作用hPDLSCs 72h [(0.51±0.03) 比 (0.68±0.02), 96h后(0.62±0.06) 比 (0.97±0.07), P均<0.05]均对细胞增殖活性受到显著抑制。并且25 μmol/L 的白杨黄素对hPDLSCs 增殖活性无抑制效应 [(99.8±1.02) 比 (100±1.02) %, P>0.05). 与常规成骨诱导液培养细胞相比, P.g LPS显著增加hPDLSCs的ROS含量至 (17.3±1.34) 比(3.12±1.21) ng/ml (P<0.01), 并显著降低抗氧化因子[Cu/ZnSOD, (0.89±0.24) 比 (2.84±0.27); CAT, (1.12±0.09) 比 (2.64±0.28), P均<0.05]和成骨分化基因表达 [ALP活性, (0.94±0.11) 比 (1.25±0.14); RUNX2, (1.42±0.13) 比 (1.97±0.16); OSX (1.97 ±0.16) 比 (2.68 ±0.19); OCN (1.23±0.11) 比 (2.56±0.17), P均<0.05]; 与P.g LPS+成骨诱导液组相比, 白杨黄素显著改善P.g LPS介导hPDLSCs的氧化状态及增强其成骨分化能力[RUNX2, (1.96±0.28) 比 (1.67±0.23); OSX (2.16±0.31) 比 (1.64±0.17), P均<0.05]。结论: 白杨黄素可能对P.g LPS介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力具有促进作用。     

胡椒碱对成骨细胞成骨分化的影响

目的探讨胡椒碱对成骨细胞成骨分化的影响以及机制。方法分离、培养胎鼠颅骨成骨细胞,分别给予不同浓度的胡椒碱处理,采用MTT法检测胡椒碱对成骨细胞毒性的影响;采用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色和ALP活性检测试剂盒检测ALP活性;采用茜素红S染色评估成骨细胞成骨及矿化水平;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测ALP、I型胶原蛋白α1（COL1A1）、成骨相关转录因子蛋白（OSX）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）的mRNA表达水平;采用Western blot检测Wnt 1和β-catenin蛋白水平;采用免疫荧光检测β-catenin分布与表达;采用Wnt/β-catenin信号途径特异性拮抗剂IWR-1验证胡椒碱对成骨细胞成骨分化的信号通路。结果在0～60μmol·L-1浓度范围内,胡椒碱对成骨细胞活力无明显影响（P>0.05）。在0～40μmol·L-1浓度范围内,胡椒碱呈剂量依赖性促进成骨细胞ALP活性（P<0.01或P<0.001）和矿化结节形成（P<0.05或P<0.01）,促进ALP、COL1A1、OSX、OPN和Runx2的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001）,促进Wnt 1和β-catenin蛋白的表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001）。用IWR-1预处理后,由胡椒碱诱导的成骨细胞的基质矿化受到明显抑制（P<0.01）。结论胡椒碱可通过增强Wnt/β-catenin信号促进成骨细胞的成骨分化。     

小核仁RNA宿主基因5对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化和凋亡的影响

目的 探究小核仁RNA宿主基因5(SNHG5)在调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化和凋亡中的作用。方法 成骨诱导液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化,不同质粒转染分组,Western blotting法检测成骨标志物（OCN、OSX、COL1A1）的蛋白相对表达量,茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测成骨效果,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测SNHG5和OCN mRNA相对表达量。将细胞随机分为两组,实验组下调SNHG5表达,对照组不下调,同法进行成骨诱导,检测OCN、OSX及COL1A1的蛋白相对表达量,检测成骨效果,检测OCN、OSX、COL1A1及SNHG5 mRNA相对表达量。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,并检测Caspase-3活性。结果 成骨诱导后第14天的OCN、OSX及COL1A1蛋白相对表达量高于诱导后第7天和诱导前（P <0.05）,诱导后第7天高于诱导前（P <0.05）。成骨诱导前、诱导后第7天、诱导后第14天的ALP活性和茜素红浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。成骨诱导前、诱导后第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天、第14天的SNHG5...     

辛伐他汀对人骨髓基质细胞Cbfa1,Cbfb和Osterix表达的影响

目的:通过对成人骨髓基质细胞(hBMSC)体外培养的观察,研究辛伐他汀(SIM)对hBMSC成骨分化,增殖的影响和作用机制. 方法: 取人髓腔内骨髓,采用全骨髓培养法进行原代和传代培养. 传代后实验组添加10-7 mol/L的SIM,同时做不加药的空白对照. 应用半定量RT-PCR方法分别检测核心结合因子a1(Cbfa1),β(Cbfb)和Osterix(OSX)在成骨细胞分化过程中的表达;应用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测试剂盒及茜素红法检测细胞ALP比活性和细胞矿化能力;应用CCK-8测定细胞增殖情况. 结果: SIM作用后第3,6,9和12日的Cbfa1和OSX表达均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Cbfb差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,SIM作用后的第3日[(63.54±2.99) vs (54.05±1.14),(P＜0.05)] ;第6日[(70.39±3.98) vs (60.53±3.08),(P＜0.01)];第9日[(86.28±1.20) vs (72.93±0.85), (P＜0.01)];第12日[(94.99±3.20) vs (74.13±1.79),(P＜0.01)],ALP比活性高于对照组. SIM能增强形成钙结节的能力并抑制细胞增殖(P＜0.05). 结论: SIM通过促进成骨细胞相关基因的表达从而促进hBMSC成骨分化,同时具有抑制细胞增殖的作用.     

AFF4在年轻恒牙牙髓炎中的表达及对牙髓细胞分化的影响

目的:探讨AF4/FMR2家族成员4(AFF4)在年轻恒牙牙髓炎中的表达特征和对牙髓细胞(DPCs)成骨分化的影响。方法:荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白质印迹法、免疫组织化学法检测AFF4的表达。培养DPCs,用AFF4过表达载体(pcDNA-AFF4组)和过表达载体对照(pcDNA-ctrl组)转染DPCs, CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞的凋亡,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测和茜素红S (ARS)染色分析细胞的成骨分化。qRT-PCR检测分化标志物骨钙素(OCN)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、骨形成锌指转录因子(OSX)、肌节同源框基因2 (MSX2)、远端同源框基因5 (DLX5)和runt相关转录因子2 (RUNX2)的表达。结果:年轻恒牙牙髓炎中AFF4表达下调(P<0.05)。与pcDNA-ctrl组比,pcDNA-AFF4组中细胞增殖率、ALP活性、矿化结构都增加,而凋亡率降低,且OCN、OPN、OSX、MSX2、DLX5、RUNX2的表达上调(均P<0.05)。结论:年轻恒牙牙髓炎中AFF4表达降低,过表达AFF4促...     

白杨黄素通过调控氧化应激反应保护脂多糖介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化能力

目的探讨白杨黄素对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.g)脂多糖(P.g LPS)介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)成骨分化能力的影响。方法原代培养hPDLSCs,采用流式细胞术鉴定后取第4代细胞进行实验。采用四唑盐(MTT)试验检测不同浓度P.g LPS(1、10、100、1000ng/mL)及白杨黄素(0.1、0.4、1.6、6.25、25、50、100μmol/L)对hPDLSCs增殖能力的影响;P.g LPS与成骨诱导剂共培养24、48、72和96h后,活性氧(ROS)试剂盒检测hPDLSCs的ROS含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测hPDLSCs锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD),铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/ZnSOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)mRNA表达;P.g LPS与成骨诱导剂共培养3、7、14天后,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)试剂盒检测hPDLSCs的ALP活性,RT-PCR法检测Runt相关转录因子2(RUNX2),锌指结构转录因子(OSX),ALP和骨钙素(OCN)mRNA表达;25μmol/L白杨黄素作用hPDLSCs后,通过ROS试剂盒检测hPDLSCs的ROS含量,实时PCR法检测抗氧化因子MnSOD、Cu/ZnSOD、CAT及成骨分化基因RUNX2、OSX、OCN和ALP mRNA表达。结果 MTT结果显示,与对照组比较,1000ng/mL P.g LPS作用hPDLSCs 72、96h,细胞增殖活性受到显著抑制[72h:(0.51±0.03)比(0.75±0.01);96h:(0.62±0.06)比(0.98±0.02),P均0.05];25μmol/L的白杨黄素对hPDLSCs细胞活力无抑制效应[(99.83±1.02)%比(100.00±1.02)%,P0.05];与成骨诱导液组比较,P.g LPS显著增加hPDLSCs的ROS含量[72h:(14.80±0.97)ng/mL比(2.97±2.31)ng/mL;96h:(17.30±1.34)ng/mL比(3.17±1.06)ng/mL,P均0.05],显著降低抗氧化因子MnSOD mRNA[72h:(1.54±0.13)比(1.06±0.38);96h:(0.95±0.05)比(1.18±0.04)]、Cu/ZnSOD mRNA[72h:(1.01±0.15)比(2.69±0.23);96h:(0.89±0.24)比(2.84±0.29),P均0.05]和CAT mRNA[72h:(1.25±0.08)比(2.54±0.15);96h:(1.12±0.09)比(2.64±0.28),P均0.05]表达水平,降低成骨分化基因表达[RUNX2 mRNA:(1.42±0.13)比(1.97±0.16);OSX mRNA:(1.97±0.16)比(2.68±0.19);OCN mRNA:(1.23±0.11)比(2.56±0.17);ALP活性:(0.94±0.11)比(1.25±0.14);P均0.05];与P.g LPS+成骨诱导液组比较,白杨黄素显著改善Pg LPS介导hPDLSCs的氧化状态[ROS:(6.21±1.06)ng/mL比(17.98±1.25)ng/mL;MnSOD mRNA:(1.68±0.14)比(1.47±0.55);Cu/ZnSOD mRNA:(1.97±0.23)比(1.47±0.06);CAT mRNA:(2.42±0.34)比(1.87±0.11)]及增强其成骨分化能力[RUNX2 mRNA:(1.96±0.28)比(1.57±0.23);OSX mRNA:(2.16±0.31)比(1.64±0.17),P均0.05]。结论白杨黄素可能对P.g LPS介导的炎症环境中人牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力具有促进作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.