脂肪对比剂灌肠MR结肠成像在结直肠癌分期中的应用研究

目的:评估脂肪对比剂灌肠MR结肠成像对结直肠癌术前分期的价值.方法:30名患者常规肠道准备和肌注山莨菪碱后,经直肠导管注入脂肪对比剂,采用3D FSPGR with IR序列加脂肪抑制技术,行冠状面扫描.对可疑病变部位行横轴面T1WI和T2WI(FSPGR)扫描,增强后25 s和70 s分别行横轴面和冠状面扫描.冠状面扫描一次屏气(25 s)包括全部结直肠.观察MR结肠成像质量,并与结肠镜和手术病理进行对照,计算病变检出的敏感度和结直肠癌术前分期的准确性.结果:所有患者均完成MR结肠成像检查.所有结直肠癌均检出且定位准确,T分期准确率为79.17%(19/24),N分期的准确性为75%(18/24).肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为87.5%(14/16)和62.5%(5/8);淋巴结转移的敏感度和特异度分别为75%(9/12)和83.33%(10/12).结论:脂肪对比剂灌肠MR结肠成像是一种能检出结直肠肿块的有前景的方法,并且可以帮助判断肿瘤浆膜外侵犯及淋巴结和远处转移.     

多层螺旋CT扫描在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术或常规结肠镜活检病理证实的40例结直肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果:病理证实结直肠癌40例(其中盲肠癌6例,升结肠癌3例,横结肠癌3例,降结肠癌5例,乙状结肠癌1例,直肠癌22例),多层螺旋CT检出了全部结直肠癌,敏感性为100%,总的分期准确率为80%(32/40),B期分期准确率为83.3%(15/18),C期分期准确率为66.7%(8/12),肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为95%(36/34)和50%(2/4),淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为60%(12/20)和90%(9/10)。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)可以有效地显示结直肠癌的部位、大小和形态、确定中晚期结直肠癌的侵犯范围、远处转移及淋巴结转移等,从而更准确地诊断并进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

CT、MR对盆腔结、直肠癌术前TN分期的应用价值

目的通过与手术后病理分期对照,比较盆腔CT与MRI对结、直肠癌分期的价值。方法回顾总结经手术治疗的盆腔结直肠癌患者资料51例,术前2-3天内均行盆腔CT与MRI平扫检查。根据CT轴位平扫、增强扫描、冠状位及矢状位重建和MRI中的T2WI、DWI序列轴位、矢状位及冠状位图像进行术前TN分期,并与病理结果比较。结果盆腔CT判断T分期正确40例,总的准确率78.4%,与病理分期比较达到中高度一致,Kappa值=0.642;盆腔MRI判断T分期正确46例,总的准确率90.2%,与病理分期比较达到高度一致,Kappa值=0.808。51例患者N分期为:25例无淋巴结转移,26例有淋巴结转移,盆腔CT与盆腔MRI判断淋巴结转移的准确率为(58.8%vs 66.7%)、敏感性为(53.8%vs 65.4%)、特异性(64%vs 68%)、阳性预测值(53.8%vs 65.4%)、阴性预测值(61.5%vs 68%)都比较相近,盆腔MR对淋巴结转移预测的约等指数高于CT(0.334vs 0.178)。结论 MRI能有效提高结、直肠癌进行术前T分期的准确性,对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

低张水灌肠MSCT检查在结肠癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT在结肠癌诊断中的价值.方法:结肠癌36例采用低张水灌肠方法充盈结肠,全腹部三期MSCT扫描,并利用重建图像进行工作站下图像后处理,横断位图像结合最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR),进行肿瘤TNM分期,术后与病理对照分析.结果:36例结肠癌MSCT T分期的敏感度为100%(36/36),阳性确诊率为88.57%(31/35),原发灶MSCT表现有肠壁不规则增厚,肠腔内肿块形成,肠腔狭窄;肠壁异常强化.合并肠套叠1例;合并肠梗阻1例.邻近脏器直接侵犯4例,淋巴结转移11例,远处转移5例.结论:16层螺旋CT低张水灌肠成像技术对结肠癌检出率有很高价值,同时能显示肠壁外、近脏器侵犯以及远处转移情况.可作为结肠癌术前肿瘤分期的首选检查方法.     

联合应用MR动态增强及T_2WI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌的诊断价值

目的:评价MR动态增强、T2WI二者结合对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的子宫内膜癌的T1WI、T2WI和动态增强图像,将MRI判断肌层和宫颈侵犯结果与手术病理比较。结果:MRI动态增强及T2WI二者结合判断子宫内膜癌浸润深度诊断符合率为80.6%,对Ⅰa期的敏感性、特异性,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为85.7%、93.1%、75%、96.4%;Ⅰb期的敏感性、特异性,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为76.5%、84.2%、81.3%、80%;Ⅰc期的敏感性、特异性,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.3%、91.7%、83.3%、91.7%;Ⅱ期的敏感度为80%,特异度为96.8%,诊断符合率为94.4%。结论:联合应用MRI动态增强及T2WI判断子宫内膜癌侵犯肌层的深度、范围有很高的临床价值,能够指导临床治疗方式的选择。     

磁共振多序列成像在直肠癌T分期中的临床应用

目的探讨高分辨率磁共振成像中各成像序列在直肠癌T分期的应用价值。方法对25例直肠癌患者术前1周内完成MR检查且术前均未进行放化疗。MRI检查中分别扫描T2WI序列、DWI及对比增强T1WI图像,分别对病灶显示清晰度、肠壁浸润深度及是否侵犯浆膜层的显示与术后病理结果进行对比分析,分别评价MRI中T2WI序列、对比增强T1WI序列对直肠癌T分期判断的准确性与敏感性。结果在磁共振各序列图像中直肠癌常表现为孤立的肿块或肠壁不均匀增厚。在T2WI序列上,瘤体呈等或低信号,DWI序列中呈高信号,增强扫描强化明显。本组病例MRI中T2WI序列对直肠癌患者T分期的准确性、敏感性、特异度分别为:84%(21/25)、96.2%(25/26)、50%(1/2);增强T1WI序列的准确性、敏感性、特异度分别为:88%(22/25)、96.2%(25/26)、66.7%(2/3)。结论 MRI能清楚地显示直肠癌的部位、范围,能较准确地在术前对T分期进行判断。     

小视野、薄层T_2WI的直肠癌术前表现与病理结果的对比研究

目的探讨直肠癌术前行小视野、薄层T2WI检查的MRI征象与病理结果的对比研究价值。方法 86例经肠镜病理证实的直肠癌患者,术前行MRI检查;对直肠癌进行MRI T分期以及判断有无直肠周围系膜淋巴结转移,并与术后病理T分期及系膜内淋巴结转移进行对照分析。结果 MRI T分期总的诊断准确率为87.21%(74/86),与病理分期结果一致性很高(Kappa值=0.7955,95%CI:0.68~0.91);MRI判断淋巴结转移总的诊断准确率为61.63%(53/86),与病理结果一致性偏低(Kappa值=0.2400,95%CI:0.04~0.44)。结论小视野、薄层T2WI对于直肠癌术前T分期有较高的价值,但对于术前淋巴结评判结果价值不高。     

直肠充气CT扫描在直肠癌术前诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨直肠充气CT扫描在直肠癌术前诊断中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 分析经手术病理证实的67例直肠癌患者直肠充气CT扫描的表现,比较CT分期和病理分期的符合率.结果 67例直肠癌的CT诊断准确率为100%;诊断直肠癌侵犯浆膜外脂肪的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率分别为93.2%、75%、96.5%、60%、加%、3.5%;诊断盆腔区域淋巴结转移的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率分别为74.2%、69.4%、67.6%、75.8%、24.2%、32.4%;CT分期和病理分期Ⅰ～Ⅲ期的符合率分别为75%、60.7%、74.2%,总符合率为68.7%.结论 直肠充气CT扫描能较准确地检出直肠癌和显示浆膜外脂肪的侵犯;但对直肠癌的分期和淋巴结转移的判定仍有一定的局限性.     

MRI和CT对原发直肠癌术前N分期的诊断研究

目的 研究MRI和增强CT图像对直肠癌局部淋巴结转移的诊断效能.方法 选择本院1年内连续的51例经活检病理证实并手术切除的原发直肠癌(腺癌)的患者,男29例,女22例(年龄27～83岁,平均60.7岁±13.9岁).其中27例患者术前行MRI检查,43例患者术前行CT检查,其中有19例患者同时做了MRI和CT检查.根据MRI中的T2WI和DWI序列以及增强CT图像对淋巴结进行术前N分期.所有患者都于MRI及CT检查后行原发直肠癌根治性手术,术后标本送病理,对直肠周围脂肪组织内局部淋巴结的转移情况进行影像学和组织病理学的N分期对照.结果 51例患者术后病理N分期为:31例有淋巴结转移(N1～2)、20例无淋巴结转移(N0).MRI和CT对淋巴结转移预测的敏感性(68.75% vs 61.54%)、特异性(63.63% vs 64.71%)、阳性预测值(73.33% vs 72.73%)、阴性预测值(58.33% vs 52.38%)和准确性(66.67% vs 62.79%)都比较相近(95%置信区间重叠),MRI对淋巴结转移预测的约登指数高于CT(0.32 vs 0.26).结论 MRI T2WI和DWI序列对原发直肠癌的术前局部N分期的诊断效能优于CT.     

低张水灌肠低剂量螺旋CT对结直肠癌诊断及分期的分析

目的 评估低张水灌肠低剂量多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)平扫及二期增强扫描在结直肠癌术前诊断及分期的价值.方法 对49例临床高度怀疑结直肠癌的患者进行低张水灌肠MSCT检查,扫描参数:管电压120 kV,管电流70 mA,并进行TNM分期,与术后病理比较,分析MSCT分期的准确性.结果 MSCT对所有癌灶显示率为100%,共检出癌灶50处,其中多原发癌1例,5例合并息肉,准确率为T分期74.0%(37/50),N分期62.0%(31/50),M分期为98.0%(48/49).与本CT机常规扫描剂量(120 kV,220 mA)相比较容积CT剂量指数(volume computed tomography dose index,CTDIvol) 及剂量长度乘积(dose length product,DLP)降低68.2%.结论 低张水灌肠低剂量MSCT对结直肠癌的术前诊断及分期可以提供较全面的信息,同时减少辐射剂量,是结直肠癌的术前重要检查方法.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.