经背后入路直接穿刺椎间盘化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症，化学髓核溶解术的一种新穿刺方法。方法:采用经背后入路直接穿刺椎间盘脱出部位，用600～900u的胶原酶溶解脱出的椎间盘组织治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症。本组治疗16例临床确诊为破裂型腰椎间盘突出症，并随访6～18个月。结果：采用本穿刺方法治疗16例腰椎间盘脱出症患者，治愈13例，治愈率为81．3％；有效2例，有效率为93．6％；无效1例。无椎间盘变窄和退行性变等并发症出现。结论：经背后入路直接穿刺脱出的椎间盘组织行胶原酶溶解术是一种操作简单、安全、有效的新方法，可减少并发症的发生。     

化学髓核溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨化学髓核溶解术的一种新的穿刺方法,用于治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症。方法 采用经背后入路直接穿刺椎间盘脱出部位,用600单位的胶原酶溶解脱出的椎间盘组织治疗破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症。本组治疗43例临床确诊为破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症,并随访半年至2年。结果 采用本穿刺方法治疗43例腰椎间盘脱出患者,治愈27例,治愈率为63%,有效11例,有效率为88%,无椎间盘变窄和退行性变等并发症出现。结论 经背后入路直接穿刺脱出的椎间盘组织行胶原酶溶解术是一种操作简单、安全、有效的新方法,可减少并发症的发生。     

化学髓核溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨化学髓核溶解术的一种新的穿刺方法,用于治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症。方法 采用经背后入路直接穿刺椎间盘脱出部位,用６００单位的胶原酶溶解脱出的椎间盘组织治疗破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症。本组治疗４３例临床确诊为破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症,并随访半年至２年。结果 采用本穿刺方法治疗４３例腰椎间盘脱出患,治愈２７例,治愈率６３％,有效２２例,有效率为８８％,无椎间盘变窄睡退行性变等并发症出现。结论：     

小C臂导向下胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症102例

目的提高胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效和安全性。方法对102例符合腰椎间盘突出症的患者采用小关节内侧缘入路、椎间孔入路,利用穿刺针在小C臂导向下准确穿刺于椎间盘突出部位,注射胶原酶行椎间盘溶解术。结果总有效率为96%,优良率84%,无严重并发症发生。结论采用小C臂导向下靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症较传统的方法更直观、更安全,可提高术中穿刺的准确性,从而提高临床疗效。     

小C臂导向下胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症102例

目的提高胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效和安全性.方法对102例符合腰椎间盘突出症的患者采用小关节内侧缘入路、椎间孔入路,利用穿刺针在小C臂导向下准确穿刺于椎间盘突出部位,注射胶原酶行椎间盘溶解术.结果总有效率为96%,优良率84%,无严重并发症发生.结论采用小C臂导向下靶位注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症较传统的方法更直观、更安全,可提高术中穿刺的准确性,从而提高临床疗效.     

CT导向下胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效观察

目的：研究经皮穿刺注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床价值。方法：对486例腰椎间盘突出症患者行经皮穿刺胶原酶溶解术。结果：486例腰椎间盘突出症患者行胶原酶溶盘术均成功,随访2个月-1年,优良率88．5％,所有病例均无并发症发生,未发生胶原酶过敏反应。结论：胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效。     

经皮穿刺胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价经皮穿刺注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床价值。方法：应用胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症34例,其中L3、。间隙突出6例,L4、5间隙突出16例,L5S1间隙突出10例,L4、5、L5S1间隙同时突出2例。结果：术后随访9～19月,治疗后疗效的优良率达88．1％,未出现严重并发症。结论：胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症,微创、安全、疗效满意。     

经皮椎间盘切吸联合盘外胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效观察

目的：研究经皮椎间盘切吸联合盘外胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及价值。方法：收治腰椎间盘突出症患者232例,中央型突出物偏大（突出物选择不超过6.0~7.0mm,伴有脱出者不在统计范围内）或多节段突出且临床症状较重者,选择性采用经皮椎间盘切吸联合盘外胶原酶溶解术治疗。结果：232例腰椎间盘突出症患者行经皮椎间盘切吸联合盘外胶原酶溶解术治疗均获成功,随访3~12个月,患者临床症状及体征均有明显好转,优良率93.1%,所有病例均未出现胶原酶过敏、椎间隙感染及下肢瘫痪等严重并发症。结论：经皮椎间盘切吸联合盘外胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效。     

基层放射科胶原酶介入治疗腰椎间盘突出症——浅淡盘内穿刺的点滴体会

腰椎间盘突出症的临床确诊患者很多见。各种中西医治疗方法也很多。胶原酶溶解术是各家医院放射科较常用的介入治疗方法。具有手术创伤小、时间短、出血少,低复发率,经济实惠,减少术后痛苦及恢复快等特点。注射胶原酶介入治疗腰椎间盘突出症的关键在于经皮穿刺技术的确定。现就椎间盘盘内穿刺点的改良方法及所积累的点滴经验介绍如下。注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的最佳注射点是突出的椎间盘正中矢状面后三分之一点处。以往资料显示椎间盘突出胶原酶溶解术,“其体表穿刺点是旁开棘突距离8cm～12cm,穿刺点入针角度为45°～60°角”。往往在…     

联合介入治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的观察经皮穿刺激光椎间盘减压术（Percutaneous laser disc decompression,PLDD）联合臭氧腰椎间盘髓核消融术、胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法将213例腰椎间盘突出、膨出的患者进行分类治疗。对96例采用PLDD联合臭氧消融术及胶原酶化学溶解术治疗。结果PLDD联合胶原酶化学溶解术治疗组术后4个月～2年优良率95．7％;PLDD联合臭氧消融术及胶原酶溶解术治疗组为97．4％。结论联合介入治疗以往视为相对禁忌的腰椎间盘突出症,也能达到令人满意的中远期效果。应重新认识腰椎间盘突出症介入治疗的适应证。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.